Furcation Involvement and Classification

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Questions and Answers

What does furcation involvement refer to?

  • Gum recession not affecting bone
  • Presence of dental caries
  • Inflammation of the periodontal ligament
  • Resorption of bone into the bifurcation or trifurcation of a multi-rooted tooth (correct)

What is subclass A in furcation classification?

0-3 mm probeable depth from the roof of the furcation

What is subclass B in furcation classification?

4-6 mm probeable depth from the roof of the furcation

What is subclass C in furcation classification?

<p>7 mm or greater probeable depth from the roof of the furcation</p>
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What is the Modified Hamp Index used for?

<p>Furcation classification with degrees 1-4 describing horizontal bone loss and probeability</p>
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What does degree 1 in furcation classification indicate?

<p>Horizontal loss of periodontal tissue support is less than 3 mm</p>
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What does degree 2 in furcation classification represent?

<p>Horizontal loss of support exceeds 3 mm but does not encompass the total width of the furcation area</p>
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What does degree 3 in furcation classification indicate?

<p>Horizontal through and through destruction of the periodontal tissue in the furcation</p>
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What does degree 4 in furcation classification mean?

<p>Visible through and through furcation</p>
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What is the Glickman Classification used for?

<p>Discussing the horizontal component of the bone loss surrounding a furcation</p>
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What does grade I in furcation classification signify?

<p>Incipient or early stage; the pocket is suprabony and primarily affects soft tissue; radiographic changes are usually not found</p>
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What does grade II in furcation classification mean?

<p>Can affect one or more furcations of the same tooth; definite horizontal component; furcas do not communicate with each other</p>
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What does grade III in furcation classification indicate?

<p>Through and through; usually depicted radiographically with properly exposed and angled radiographs</p>
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What does grade IV in furcation classification mean?

<p>Furcation opening is clinically visible</p>
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Who created the vertical classification related to furcation?

<p>Tarnow</p>
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Flashcards

Furcation Involvement

Bone loss into the bifurcation/trifurcation of a multi-rooted tooth.

Furcation Class A

0-3 mm probe depth into the furcation from its roof.

Furcation Class B

4-6 mm probe depth from the roof of the furcation.

Furcation Class C

7 mm or greater probe depth from the roof of the furcation.

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Modified Hamp Index

Classifies furcation involvement (degrees 1-4) via horizontal bone loss and probeability.

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Furcation Degree 1 (Hamp)

Horizontal periodontal tissue loss < 3 mm.

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Furcation Degree 2 (Hamp)

Horizontal support loss > 3 mm, not encompassing the entire furcation.

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Furcation Degree 3 (Hamp)

Complete horizontal destruction of periodontal tissue in the furcation.

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Furcation Degree 4 (Hamp)

Through and through furcation involvement, clinically visible.

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Glickman Classification (Furcation)

Classification of the horizontal component of bone loss around a furcation.

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Furcation Grade I (Glickman)

Incipient/early stage furcation involvement, suprabony pocket, soft tissue affected.

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Furcation Grade II (Glickman)

Horizontal involvement, but furcations do not communicate.

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Furcation Grade III (Glickman)

Through and through furcation involvement, visible radiographically.

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Furcation Grade IV (Glickman)

Furcation opening is clinically visible.

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Tarnow's Furcation Classification

Vertical classification related to furcation.

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Study Notes

Furcation Involvement

  • Refers to bone resorption seen in the bifurcation or trifurcation areas of multi-rooted teeth due to periodontal disease.

Subclass A

  • Defined by a probeable depth of 0-3 mm from the roof of the furcation.

Subclass B

  • Characterized by a probeable depth of 4-6 mm from the roof of the furcation.

Subclass C

  • Indicates a probeable depth of 7 mm or greater from the roof of the furcation.

Modified Hamp Index

  • A classification system that describes degrees 1-4 of furcation involvement based on horizontal bone loss and probeability.

Degree 1

  • Indicates less than 3 mm horizontal loss of periodontal tissue support.

Degree 2

  • Represents horizontal loss of support that exceeds 3 mm but does not involve the total width of the furcation area.

Degree 3

  • Describes complete horizontal destruction of periodontal tissue in the furcation area.

Degree 4

  • Indicates a furcation that is visible through and through, highlighting severe loss.

Glickman Classification

  • A classification for furcation involvement that focuses on the horizontal component of bone loss, including a radiological aspect.

Grade I

  • Considered incipient or early stage; affects soft tissue and usually shows no radiographic changes.

Grade II

  • Can affect multiple furcations of a tooth; shows a definite horizontal component, where furcations do not communicate, and potential vertical bone loss.

Grade III

  • Describes total through and through furcation involvement; can be identified with appropriately exposed radiographs.

Grade IV

  • Indicates a clinically visible furcation opening, signifying advanced periodontal involvement.

Tarnow

  • Developed a vertical classification system to enhance the Modified Hamp or Glickman Classification systems.

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