Classification of Periodontal Diseases
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Questions and Answers

Which periodontal disease classification was proposed in 1982 by Page and Schroeder?

  • Refractory periodontitis
  • Gingivitis
  • Early periodontitis
  • Periodontitis (correct)

    • Which type of gingivitis is characterized by poor oral hygiene according to Gottlieb's classification?

  • Plaque associated gingivitis (correct)
  • Hormonal gingivitis
  • Drug-induced gingivitis
  • ANUG

    • What was a major criticism of the AAP 1989 classification of periodontal diseases?

  • It relied solely on patient age. (correct)
  • It had clearly defined criteria for all categories.
  • It maintained validated progression rates.
  • It included a category for gingivitis.

    • What are the main categories of periodontal diseases classified by the AAP in 1989?

    <p>Adult periodontitis and necrotizing periodontitis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification system relies on the infection/host response paradigm?

    <p>AAP 1989 Classification (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of periodontitis is NOT included in the AAP 1989 classification?

    <p>Gingivitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of rapidly progressive periodontitis according to the classifications discussed?

    <p>It is a heterogeneous category. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification scheme mentioned defines periodontal diseases primarily based on the age of affected patients?

    <p>AAP 1989 Classification (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a classification system in periodontal diseases?

    <p>To separate conditions into distinct categories for clinical diagnosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which paradigm dominated the classification of periodontal diseases between 1920 and 1970?

    <p>Classical pathology paradigm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Clinical characteristics paradigm influence periodontal disease classification from 1870 to 1920?

    <p>It was based on clinical characteristics with little understanding of disease etiology. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What benefit does a classification system offer to patients?

    <p>It provides information about their disease in a comprehensible manner. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a purpose of the periodontal classification system?

    <p>Standardizing dental insurance claims processes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has primarily influenced the development of classification systems for periodontal disease?

    <p>Paradigms reflecting the understanding of periodontal disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a main characteristic of the dystrophic, atrophic, or degenerative disease categories in the classical pathology paradigm?

    <p>They relied on general pathology principles for classification. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The necessity of classifying periodontal diseases primarily aids in which of the following?

    <p>Facilitating communication among various healthcare professionals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification includes both localized and generalized forms of aggressive periodontitis?

    <p>AAP 1999 Classification (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of gingival disease is characterized by the presence of dental plaque but may not show attachment loss?

    <p>Plaque-induced gingival diseases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT included in the AAP 1999 Classification?

    <p>Early onset periodontitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional classification for periodontitis does the AAP 1999 Classification incorporate that emphasizes systemic diseases?

    <p>Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic diseases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which periodontitis condition is characterized by necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis and periodontitis?

    <p>Necrotizing periodontal diseases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is included under developmental or acquired deformities in the AAP 1999 Classification?

    <p>Mucogingival deformities around teeth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of abscess is categorized under the AAP 1999 Classification?

    <p>Periodontal abscess (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the main criticisms of the 1989 classification after its publication?

    <p>Inadequate categorization of a broad spectrum of periodontal disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of gingivitis is specifically associated with systemic factors related to the endocrine system?

    <p>Diabetes-associated gingivitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of gingivitis is influenced by medications?

    <p>Oral contraceptive-associated gingivitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial infection can lead to a specific gingival disease?

    <p>Neisseria gonorrhea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is categorized under mucogingival deformities?

    <p>Gingival or soft tissue recession (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a manifestation of gingival disease caused by a viral origin?

    <p>Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical feature of non-plaque induced gingival diseases?

    <p>Systemic conditions manifesting in the gums (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes the enlargement of gingival tissue due to drug influences?

    <p>Drug-influenced gingival enlargements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with a lack of keratinized gingiva?

    <p>Mucogingival deformity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily affected in occlusal trauma?

    <p>Alveolar bone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of gingival disease is associated with chronic vitamin C deficiency?

    <p>Ascorbic acid deficiency gingivitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    What is classification?

    Grouping things with shared attributes, revealing relationships between groups and members.

    Why classify periodontal diseases?

    Organizing periodontal diseases into categories based on their unique characteristics, helping diagnose and treat.

    Clinical characteristics paradigm (1870-1920)

    The historical period from 1870 to 1920 where periodontal disease classification relied mainly on visual appearances and unproven causes.

    Classical pathology paradigm (1920-1970)

    The historical period from 1920 to 1970 where periodontal disease classification focused on the general pathology of the disease, categorized as dystrophic, atrophic, or degenerative.

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    What is a classification system?

    A structured arrangement of groups with common characteristics to aid diagnosis, treatment planning, and communication.

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    What is the purpose of a periodontal classification system?

    A classification system should achieve clear communication amongst dental professionals, students, and researchers.

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    What is the AAP 1989 classification?

    The AAP 1989 classification presented a system for organizing periodontal diseases based on clinical characteristics, including gingivitis and periodontitis.

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    What is the AAP 1999 classification?

    The AAP 1999 classification provided a more detailed and comprehensive approach to classifying periodontal diseases, taking into account factors like severity and extent, as well as risk factors.

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    Infection/Host Response Paradigm

    A periodontal disease classification system based on how the body responds to infection.

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    Schluger, Yuodelis and Page Classification (1977)

    A classification system for periodontal diseases with categories like Gingivitis and Marginal Periodontitis. This system was based on the Infection/Host Response Paradigm.

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    AAP 1989 Classification

    A classification system for periodontal disease that categorized diseases based on age, progression rate, host factors, and response to treatment.

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    Early Periodontitis

    A type of periodontitis categorized based on age and speed of disease progression.

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    Periodontitis Associated with Systemic Disease

    A type of periodontitis categorized based on the immune system being compromised by specific medical conditions.

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    Refractory Periodontitis

    A type of periodontitis categorized based on its lack of response to conventional treatment.

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    Rapidly Progressing Periodontitis

    A type of periodontitis categorized by its rapid progression rate.

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    Necrotizing Periodontitis

    A type of periodontitis categorized based on its severe necrosis and inflammation of the gums and bone.

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    Gingival Diseases

    Based on characteristics like plaque-induced or non-plaque-induced, these diseases occur without, or without progression of, attachment loss.

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    Periodontitis

    A type of periodontal disease that is characterized by the loss of the attachment of the teeth, with bone destruction in the periodontal tissues and the formation of periodontal pockets.

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    Plaque-induced gingival diseases

    A category within the AAP 1999 classification that involves inflammation of the gums, with no attachment loss or stable, non-progressing loss.

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    Chronic Periodontitis

    A category within the AAP 1999 classification encompassing various types of periodontitis characterized by progressive and destructive bone loss.

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    Aggressive Periodontitis

    A type of periodontitis typically seen in younger individuals, characterized by rapid bone destruction and often a family history of the disease.

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    Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic diseases

    A category within the AAP 1999 classification including periodontal diseases arising as a consequence of systemic diseases.

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    Necrotizing Periodontal Diseases

    A category within the AAP 1999 classification that encompasses two forms: Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) and Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis (NUP), which cause tissue necrosis and ulceration in the gums.

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    Simple gingivitis

    Gingivitis caused only by dental plaque, without other contributing factors.

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    Gingivitis with local contributing factors

    Gingivitis caused by plaque, but influenced by factors like tooth anatomy or dental restorations.

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    Gingival diseases modified by endocrine system

    Gingival diseases affected by hormonal changes, often associated with specific stages of life.

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    Puberty-associated gingivitis

    Gingivitis that occurs during puberty, potentially triggered by hormonal fluctuations.

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    Menstrual cycle-associated gingivitis

    Gingivitis that may occur during menstruation, possibly due to hormonal variations.

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    Pregnancy-associated gingivitis

    Gingivitis occurring during pregnancy, often influenced by hormonal shifts.

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    Pregnancy-associated pyogenic granuloma

    Benign, non-cancerous growths in the gums during pregnancy, often with a fleshy appearance.

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    Diabetes mellitus-associated gingivitis

    Gingivitis that can be exacerbated in individuals with diabetes, potentially due to compromised blood sugar regulation.

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    Gingival diseases modified by blood dyscrasias

    Gingivitis that can be influenced by blood disorders, sometimes associated with changes in white blood cell counts.

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    Leukemia-associated gingivitis

    Gingivitis that can be a manifestation of leukemia, a type of blood cancer.

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    Study Notes

    Classification of Periodontal Diseases

    • Classification systems organize and name periodontal disease entities and conditions.
    • A systematic arrangement of groups that share common attributes is necessary
    • Classification aids in separating conditions into distinct categories for clinical and lab diagnosis & treatment.
    • Classification helps determine disease etiology and improves communication among clinicians.

    Outline of Topics

    • Introduction
    • Purpose of Classification System
    • Dominant Paradigm in Historical Development of Periodontal Classification System
    • AAP 1989 Classification
    • AAP 1999 Classification

    Introduction

    • Classification is a systematic arrangement of groups sharing common traits.
    • This arrangement clarifies the relationships between different groups and their members.
    • Classification of disease is essential for distinguishing conditions for accurate clinical and lab diagnosis, and treatment.
    • Classification of diseases affecting the periodontium helps identify the etiology and facilitates communication among clinicians, students, and epidemiologists.

    Purpose of Classification System

    • Accurate communication of clinical findings among dental health professionals and insurance providers.
    • Providing patients with information about their disease.
    • Formulating individualized treatment plans.
    • Predicting treatment outcomes.

    Dominant Paradigm in the Historical Development of Periodontal Classification System

    • Development and evolution of periodontal disease classification systems are influenced by paradigms reflecting the understanding of periodontal disease's nature.
    • Three main paradigms primarily guided thinking:

    1. Clinical Characteristics Paradigm (1870-1920)

    • Very limited knowledge of the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease.
    • Classification was predominantly based on clinical characteristics and unsubstantiated theories about its causes.

    2. Classical Pathology Paradigm (1920-1970)

    • Systems focused on general pathology principles.
    • Periodontal diseases were categorized as dystrophic, atrophic, or degenerative.
    • Gottlieb (1928) categorized periodontal diseases as inflammatory (Schmutz pyorrhea, diffuse alveolar atrophy, paradental pyorrhea) and degenerative/atrophic.

    3. Infection/Host Response Paradigm (1970-Present)

    • Systems are largely based on the infection/host response.
    • Schluger, Yuodelis, and Page (1977) classified diseases into gingivitis (plaque-associated, ANUG, hormonal, drug-induced) and marginal periodontitis (adult, juvenile).
    • Page and Schroeder (1982) further classified periodontitis as prepubertal (generalized/localized), juvenile, rapidly progressing, and adult.

    AAP 1989 Classification

    • A refinement of the 1982 Page and Schroeder classification.
    • Categories: adult periodontitis; early periodontitis (may be prepubertal, juvenile, or rapidly progressive); periodontitis associated with systemic diseases; necrotizing periodontitis; refractory periodontitis.
    • This categorization was based on the infection/host response paradigm, considering factors like patient age, disease progression, host factors, and therapeutic responses.

    AAP 1999 Classification

    • Includes a comprehensive section on gingival diseases.
    • Replaced "adult periodontitis" with "chronic periodontitis" due to epidemiological evidence of chronic periodontitis in adolescents.
    • Eliminated separate categories for rapidly progressive and refractory periodontitis due to a lack of sufficient evidence for differentiating conditions.
    • Added new categories like "Aggressive periodontitis" (localized and generalized), and periodontal diseases as a manifestation of systemic diseases.
    • Includes categories for abscesses of the periodontium and periodontic-endodontic lesions, alongside developmental/acquired deformities/conditions.
    • Explicit types of gingival disease are included, including those induced by plaque, specific bacteria/infections, viruses, fungi, genetic factors, systemic conditions, medications, and malnutrition.

    Gingival Diseases

    • Different forms of gingival disease induced by plaque or from other causes, such as those from systemic factors/conditions

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    Classification of Periodontal Diseases PDF

    Description

    Explore the various classification systems for periodontal diseases in this quiz. Understand the purpose of classification, the historical development of different systems, and their impact on diagnosis and treatment. This quiz focuses on the AAP classifications from 1989 and 1999.

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