Cardiovascular system (physiology) no ai

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a function of the cardiovascular system

  • Maintenance of normal blood pressure within the arteries
  • Prehension
  • Maintenance of blood flow into the tissues
  • Both A and C (correct)

Which of the following is a function of the cardiovascular system

  • Maintenance of blood flow into the tissues (correct)
  • Maintaining homeostasis
  • Assemble amino acids
  • Both A and B

Structure of the heart

  • Cone shaped, fluid-filled structure
  • Cone shaped, hollow muscular structure (correct)
  • Oval shape, fluid filled muscular structure
  • Oval shape, hollow muscular structure

Where is the heart located

<p>Between the 3rd and 6th intercostal space in the dog (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the heart made up of

<p>Series of chambers and valves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the heart

<p>Pump blood through the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes up the outer surface of the heart

<p>Epicardium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the muscle tissue of the heart

<p>Myocardium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the inner surface of the heart

<p>Endocardium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What lines the interior walls of the heart, chambers, and luminal surfaces of blood vessels

<p>Endocardium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the chambers

<p>Left and right atria and ventricles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the left and right sides of the heart separated by

<p>Both A and B (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the ventricles and atria separated by

<p>Both A and C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure prevents backflow of blood back into the ventricles when blood is being pumped out

<p>Both A and B (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cardiovascular system divided into

<p>Both A and C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The systemic circulation makes up how much of blood volume

<p>80% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The pulmonary circulation makes up how much of blood volume

<p>15% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Both the systemic and pulmonary circulation has both venous and arterial systems

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Only the pulmonary circulation has arterial and venous systems, the systemic circulation only has a venous system

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The systemic arterial circulation is a low pressure system

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The systemic arterial circulation is a high pressure system

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hydrostatic pressure is not necessary to perfuse tissues with a high resistance to blood flow

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hydrostatic pressure is required to perfuse tissues with a high resistance to blood flow

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is accurate to the pulmonary arterial and venous & systemic venous circulations

<p>Both A and B (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

High pressures in venous systems may cause fluid to leak from the vessels and to accumulate as edema

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Low pressures in venous systems may cause fluid to leak from the vessels and to accumulate as edema

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Blood pressure

<p>Both A and C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Blood pressure refers to systemic arterial blood pressure

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Blood pressure refers to systemic venous blood pressure

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Blood pressure refers to pulmonary arterial blood pressure

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Systemic arterial blood pressure rises and falls in coordination with the circadian rhythm

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Systemic arterial blood pressure rises and falls in coordination with the cardiac cycle

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Systole

<p>pressure rises (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Diastole

<p>Pressure falls (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What allows proper tissue perfusion & prevention of edema formation (capillaries and veins)

<p>Maintenance of normal blood pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the contraction & relaxation of the heart occur

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Difference between systolic and diastolic pressures

<p>Pulse pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Increase in BP & resistance is caused by

<p>Vasoconstriction of arterioles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What controls the vasoconstriction of arterioles

<p>Sympathetic nervous system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What NS is dominant at rest

<p>Parasympathetic NS (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At rest, blood flow is directed towards

<p>The digestive system and other organs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Intrinsic ability for spontaneous depolarization & repolarization results in

<p>Rhythmic pumping action (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Depolarization occurs ONLY when stimulated by a nerve ending

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Depolarization occurs w/o stimulation by a nerve-ending

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cardiac tissues have ____________, which causes depolarization to occur w/o stimulation by a nerve ending

Signup and view all the answers

Muscle fibers w/in the RA =

<p>Both B and C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Terminology for "listening to the heart" is ___________ ____________

<p>Cardiac auscultation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Most important factor of the regulation of the heart is the

<p>Autonomic NS (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

HR can be determined by various factors including body temperature

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Term for normal heart rhythm

<p>Sinus rhythm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sinus rhythm determined by

<p>SA node w/in RA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Arrhythmias can be

<p>Both B and C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A bradyarrhythmia is

<p>Too slow- cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A tachyarrhythmia is

<p>Too fast- cannot fill the heart adequately &amp; will have abnormal pumping function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is contractility of the myocardium determined by (at the molecular level

<p>Interaction of calcium ions with contractile proteins (actin, myosin) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following has a high resistance to blood flow

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required to perfuse the following tissues; heart, kidney, brain, & other tissues above the heart

<p>Hydrostatic pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many parts is the cardiac cycle divided into

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Systole corresponds to

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Diastole corresponds to

<p>Both A &amp; B (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Systole is when

<p>Blood pressure rises (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Diastole is when

<p>Blood pressure falls (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Common pulse point location for the cat

<p>Femoral artery- medial surface of the thigh, near the belly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Common pulse point location of a dog

<p>Femoral artery- medial surface of the thigh, near the belly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cardiac muscle fibers are

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Much like skeletal muscle, impulses travel cell to cell, via intercalated discs in a wave like fashion

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

unlike skeletal muscle, impulses travel cell to cell, via intercalated discs in a wave like fashion

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The heart does not contract as a unit, but rather, the individual chambers contract intermittently

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The heart contracts as a unit or not at all

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the rate of spontaneous depolarization of the SA node

<p>Balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic NS (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An electrocardiogram CANNOT determine heart rate

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An electrocardiogram can determine heart rate

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Does the sympathetic NS impact level of contractility of the myocardium?

<p>Yes, greatly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can cause increase in rate & force of myocardial contraction by increasing the amount of calcium available

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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