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What is the primary effect of osmolarity on water movement across a membrane?

  • Water movement is unaffected by osmolarity.
  • Water moves towards areas with higher osmolarity. (correct)
  • Water moves away from areas with lower osmolarity.
  • Water movement depends solely on temperature changes.

    • How is osmolarity typically measured in biological fluids?

  • By measuring the boiling point elevation.
  • By determining the freezing point depression. (correct)
  • By standard volumetric dilution methods.
  • By calculating the mass of solute present.

    • What is the osmolarity of plasma if it freezes at approximately -0.52˚C?

  • 0.28 Osm (correct)
  • 2.0 Osm
  • 0.5 Osm
  • 0.14 Osm

    • Why is there no net movement of water between intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF)?

    <p>The osmolarity is the same in both ICF and ECF.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would happen to red blood cells (RBCs) placed in a solution with osmolarity significantly lower than 280 mOsm?

    <p>They would swell and potentially burst.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of solutes crossing cell membranes?

    <p>To absorb oxygen for respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes passive transport?

    <p>Transport utilizing carrier proteins without energy input</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical Resting Membrane Potential (RMP) for cells?

    <p>-70 mV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about active transport is correct?

    <p>It requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Osmotic fragility of red blood cells primarily refers to their ability to:

    <p>Maintain shape under varying osmotic pressures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of carrier proteins in cell membranes?

    <p>They facilitate the active transport of ions and molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might occur if a red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution?

    <p>It will crenate or shrink.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the electrochemical gradient important for cells?

    <p>It assists in maintaining cellular homeostasis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must glucose do after leaving the intestine to reach muscle cells?

    <p>Cross four lipid membranes and the interstitial space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors determine if a substance can cross a cell membrane?

    <p>Permeability and electrochemical gradient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transport requires energy to move substances across a membrane?

    <p>Active transport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At rest, what is the typical Resting Membrane Potential (RMP) of a cell?

    <p>-70 mV.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to substances during passive transport?

    <p>They move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which membrane is NOT typically crossed by molecules during cellular transport?

    <p>Cytoplasm membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the directional movement of substances in relation to their chemical gradient?

    <p>It varies depending on whether active or passive transport is used.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one consequence of osmotic fragility in red blood cells?

    <p>Susceptibility to lysis in hypotonic solutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about intracellular transport is true?

    <p>Molecules must cross multiple internal membranes to reach destinations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily drives the movement of substances across a selectively permeable membrane?

    <p>Chemical potential and electrochemical potentials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the rate of diffusion if the concentration gradient (Δc) is zero?

    <p>Diffusion stops completely.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the distance affect the time required for diffusion to achieve equilibrium?

    <p>Time increases greatly as distance increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism for transmission of nerve impulses?

    <p>Electrical signaling via voltage changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is essential for diffusion to occur across a lipid bilayer?

    <p>A selectively permeable membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what distance does the time to achieve diffusion equilibrium significantly escalate to 15 years?

    <p>1 meter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of permeability in diffusion across cell membranes?

    <p>It determines which solutes can pass through.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resting membrane potential (RMP) of most cells?

    <p>-70 mV.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do carrier proteins play in cellular transport?

    <p>They are involved in both passive and active transport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes diffusion times across different distances?

    <p>Long distances lead to significantly longer diffusion times.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences the rate of diffusion according to Fick’s Law?

    <p>Concentration gradient and distance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of regulated channels in cell membranes?

    <p>To allow selective and controlled passage of ions or water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do uniporters facilitate the movement of substances across the cell membrane?

    <p>By binding substances and moving them down their concentration gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way are symporters different from antiporters?

    <p>Symporters move two molecules in the same direction across the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the action of passive transport within cell membranes?

    <p>It is guided solely by the electrochemical gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining feature of non-regulated (constitutive) channels?

    <p>They are always open and allow continuous flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which transport method does NOT involve a change in ATP levels?

    <p>Passive transport through channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common regulatory mechanism for uniporters in the cell membrane?

    <p>Incorporation and removal of uniporters from the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about active transport is accurate?

    <p>It requires energy input to transport molecules against their gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of carrier proteins in transport mechanisms?

    <p>To bind and assist movement of substances across membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes gated channels from constitutive channels?

    <p>Gated channels open or close in response to specific stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

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