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Questions and Answers
What is the primary cause of heart disease according to the information provided?
Which type of stroke is most common in patients?
What is the percentage increase in cancer cases recorded annually in the Philippines?
What rank does the Philippines hold in terms of death caused by pneumonia?
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What is the leading preventable cause of cancer in all genders and ages?
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What age group shows an increase in traffic-accident-related deaths due to urbanization?
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What common symptoms can indicate a case of pneumonia?
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How many deaths per 100,000 Filipinos are attributed to pneumonia?
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What bacterium causes tuberculosis?
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Which of these is NOT a major disease under Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases?
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What is a common cause of chronic bronchitis?
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What treatment is commonly used for emphysema?
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Which statement about asthma is true?
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In which country does tuberculosis rank relatively high in terms of death rates?
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What is a characteristic symptom of chronic bronchitis?
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What does the TB DOTS strategy stand for?
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What are the primary complications associated with diabetes?
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What is the expected trend for diabetes prevalence in the Philippines by 2030?
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Which of the following is NOT a symptom of diabetes?
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What is a significant requirement for Stage 5 kidney failure patients?
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Which factor is a leading cause of kidney failure in Filipinos?
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What percentage of Stage 5 kidney failure patients can afford a kidney transplant?
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Which of the following conditions is a known cause of perinatal deaths?
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Which age group is at risk for developing type 2 diabetes in the Philippines?
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Study Notes
Heart Disease
- Leading cause of death in the Philippines.
- Estimated 170,000 Filipino deaths annually.
- Philippines ranks 79th globally in heart disease death rate.
- Caused by narrowing or blockage of heart arteries, leading to heart attacks.
- Increased heart attack occurrences during Yuletide season.
- Prevention involves healthy eating, quitting smoking, regular exercise, and sufficient rest.
Stroke (Cerebrovascular Disease)
- Sudden onset, but preventable with early diagnosis and treatment of hypertension and high cholesterol.
- Occurs due to disrupted blood supply to the brain from blockage (ischemic) or rupture (hemorrhagic) of blood vessels.
- Affects both elderly and younger individuals.
- Most cases are ischemic.
Cancer
- 50,000 recorded cases in the Philippines, increasing by 5% yearly.
- Breast cancer accounts for 16% of cancer deaths.
- Smoking is the leading preventable cause.
- DOH programs include anti-smoking and cancer awareness campaigns.
Pneumonia
- Caused by bacteria or viruses.
- Often follows a cold or flu, weakening lung defenses.
- Symptoms include fever, shortness of breath, cough, fatigue, and weakness.
- Philippines ranks 48th globally, with a rate of 51 deaths per 100,000 Filipinos.
Accidents
- Rising death toll, particularly among 10-24 year olds.
- Increased traffic accidents linked to urbanization.
- Other causes include drowning and occupational accidents.
- Major bus crashes in Benguet and Cebu highlight risks of narrow roads and reckless driving.
- 1.2 million global road accident deaths annually (WHO data).
Tuberculosis (TB)
- Infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- Primarily affects the lungs, but can affect other systems.
- Symptoms include pneumonia, chest pain, coughing up blood, prolonged cough, and enlarged lymph nodes.
- Philippines ranks 34th globally in TB deaths.
- TB DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course) is a WHO-recommended control strategy.
Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases (CLRD)
- Includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma.
- Characterized by shortness of breath due to airway obstruction.
- Chronic bronchitis involves inflamed bronchial tubes producing excess mucus, often caused by smoking.
- Emphysema damages lung air sacs, reducing oxygen intake, commonly caused by smoking.
- Asthma is a chronic lung disease causing inflammation and narrowing of airways, leading to wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and coughing.
Diabetes
- High blood glucose levels due to dietary factors.
- Leads to complications like heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure.
- Estimated 4 million Filipinos have diabetes; expected to reach 6 million by 2030.
- Type 2 diabetes diagnosed in children as young as 5.
- Symptoms include the 3 Ps (polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia), unexplained weight loss, extreme tiredness, irritability, blurred vision, and slow-healing wounds.
Kidney Failure
- Occurs when kidneys fail to remove waste from the blood.
- Stage 5 requires dialysis; only 50% are eligible for transplant, and 20% can afford it.
- Diabetes and hypertension are major causes.
- High cost of treatment limits access for many Filipinos.
Perinatal Conditions
- Philippines among 42 countries contributing to 90% of global under-five deaths (34 per 1,000 live births).
- 47% of these deaths are infants under 28 days old.
- Leading causes include diarrhea, pneumonia, sepsis, and asphyxia.
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