6.1 Emission Norms Overview

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Questions and Answers

What do emission norms regulate?

  • Amount of pollutants released into the environment (correct)
  • Amount of vehicles produced annually
  • Types of fuel used in automobiles
  • Number of power plants in a state

Which pollutant is commonly regulated by emission norms?

  • Water vapor (H2O)
  • Carbon dioxide (CO2)
  • Nitrogen oxides (NOx) (correct)
  • Oxygen (O2)

Who manages emissions standards in the United States?

  • Department of Transportation
  • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (correct)
  • Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
  • National Security Agency (NSA)

Which region has its own set of emissions standards for vehicles?

<p>European Union (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is California's special dispensation regarding vehicle emissions standards?

<p>To promulgate more stringent standards (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Nonroad mobile machinery' refers to which type of vehicles regulated by emissions standards?

<p>Tractors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important advantage of common-rail injection over conventional injection?

<p>Fuel atomization improvement and controllability of injection processes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the common rail in a CRDI system?

<p>To store a reservoir of fuel at high pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does CRDI technology help in reducing emissions?

<p>By reducing particulates in the exhaust (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of a high pressure pump in a CRDI system?

<p>To maintain the designed pressure for fuel injectors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does CRDI technology improve fuel efficiency?

<p>By better pulverization of fuel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of CRDI technology mentioned in the text?

<p>High initial cost and maintenance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do catalytic converters for CI engines require larger flow passages?

<p>To accommodate the solid soot in the exhaust gases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the ceramic passages in a catalytic converter?

<p>To promote oxidation reactions in exhaust gas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the base ceramic material used for most catalytic converters?

<p>Aluminum oxide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is multi-point fuel injection considered more precise than central point fuel injection?

<p>It provides more accurate fuel distribution to each cylinder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a Multi-Point Fuel Injection system contribute to improved combustion in an engine?

<p>By delivering precise amounts of fuel to each cylinder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of Multi-Point Fuel Injection systems during cold starts?

<p>They help the engine start more easily and run smoothly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What problem arises with diesel fuel atomization compared to gasoline in conventional engines?

<p>Diesel particles are larger and heavier than gasoline (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is CRDI technology more suitable for diesel engines?

<p>Because CRDI improves atomization using high pressure injection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does a common rail play in a CRDI engine?

<p>It acts as an accumulator and distributes fuel at high pressure to injectors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do high speed solenoid valves contribute to CRDI engine performance?

<p>They control injection timing and fuel amount for each cylinder independently (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one major distinction between Bharat Stage III and Euro-III emission norms mentioned in the text?

<p>The maximum speed at which the vehicle is tested (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which emissions are common to both Spark Ignition (SI) and Compression Ignition (CI) engines?

<p>Unburnt hydrocarbons, oxides of carbon, oxides of nitrogen, particulates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main non-exhaust emission mentioned in the text?

<p>Unburnt hydrocarbons from fuel tank and crankcase blow by (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do Hydrocarbon (HC) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) emissions increase with a rich mixture in an SI engine according to the text?

<p>Decrease in oxygen availability for complete combustion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes higher exhaust temperature in an engine according to the text?

<p>Retarded spark timing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT mentioned as a factor contributing to higher engine emissions in the text?

<p>Advanced spark timing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant change occurred in 2005 regarding emission norms in India?

<p>Introduction of Bharat Stage III norms for entire country (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

"Out of the following options, which is a measure taken to reduce undesirable engine emissions?"

<p>Add on devices for after-treatment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of mandatory fitment of Catalytic Converter for cars in metros on Unleaded Gasoline?

<p>To reduce unburnt hydrocarbon emissions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of thermal converters in engines?

<p>To promote oxidation of CO and HC emissions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it challenging to fit a thermal converter into modern automobile engine compartments?

<p>Because modern automobiles have limited space in the engine compartment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the catalytic converter in engine exhaust systems?

<p>To oxidize CO and HC to CO2 and H2O (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are certain catalysts added to catalytic converters?

<p>To accelerate the oxidation processes at lower temperatures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a catalytic converter from a thermal converter in terms of temperature requirements?

<p>Catalytic converters need lower temperatures for efficient operation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the inclusion of an air intake in some thermal converter systems?

<p>To provide additional oxygen for reactions with CO and HC (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are most catalytic converters referred to as three-way converters?

<p>Due to their ability to convert CO, HC, and NOx in exhaust gases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens inside a catalytic converter when exhaust gases pass through it?

<p>The catalytic material promotes oxidation of exhaust emissions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does a catalyst accelerate a chemical reaction?

<p>By lowering the energy needed for the reaction to proceed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adding loose granular ceramic in some catalytic converters?

<p>To provide more surface area for oxidation reactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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