Chemical Services (Perms, Relaxers, Coloring)

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Questions and Answers

Why is it recommended to apply high-lift tints and bleach slightly away from the scalp during a virgin application?

  • To ensure the lightest possible color is achieved.
  • To enhance the hair's natural elasticity.
  • To maximize client comfort during the lightening process.
  • To achieve even porosity and color development. (correct)

In a virgin bleach or high-lift tint application, why is the product initially applied away from the scalp?

  • The scalp will process faster.
  • To achieve even lightening.
  • To avoid potential scalp burns.
  • All of the above. (correct)

What is the recommended minimum size for sub-partings when applying bleach?

  • ½ inch
  • 1/16 inch
  • 1/8 inch (correct)
  • 1/4 inch

When performing a high-lift, high-volume virgin tint application, where should the application begin?

<p>Away from the scalp and up to the ends. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When beginning a virgin bleach application, what is the recommended starting point?

<p>½ inch away from the scalp and 1 inch from the ends (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Permanent chemical reactions during hair coloring primarily occur in which layer of the hair?

<p>Cortex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hair color is LEAST likely to penetrate the cortex layer of the hair?

<p>Temporary (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a term commonly used as an alternative to 'bleach'?

<p>Decolorizer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When decolorizing hair, why are strand tests crucial?

<p>Both B and C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which liquid is most suitable for diluting hydrogen peroxide to reduce its strength?

<p>Distilled water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What product is most appropriate to use when performing a 'tint-back' procedure from a significantly lighter color?

<p>Filler (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which solution is recommended for testing a hair strand for the presence of metallic dyes or salts?

<p>20 v. H2O2, 20 drops ammonia, 30 minutes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hair type will typically decolorize the fastest?

<p>Soft, fine, light hair (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is most likely to occur when using a higher volume of hydrogen peroxide than the manufacturer's recommendation?

<p>Burning of client's scalp (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Even though anyone can decide to perform an allergy, patch, or predisposition test; which entity is responsible for 'Ordering' that these types of tests are administered?

<p>None of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms does NOT describe a tone lacking warm pigment?

<p>Silvery Tones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a strand test reveals too much orange in the hair, which of the following actions would NOT correct this?

<p>Add a warm toner (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a strand test shows excessive yellow, which of the following would likely correct this?

<p>Add a violet toner (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client's strand test reveals a greenish cast in the hair. All the following are incorrect EXCEPT:

<p>Adding a Warm Toner (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal pH range of human hair, skin, and nails?

<p>4.5 - 5.5 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After the removal of a perm solution, relaxer, bleach, or aniline tints, what is the typical pH state of the hair?

<p>Both B and C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST reliable way to determine how a particular color formulation will appear on a specific client's hair?

<p>Strand Test (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When determining how a client's hair, skin, or nails will react to a certain product, which of the following tests is LEAST appropriate?

<p>Allergy Test (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term correctly describes the outcome if a client's skin becomes inflamed after a patch test?

<p>Positive (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is indicated by a positive reaction, including inflamed skin, following a patch test?

<p>Dermatitis venenata (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During application, where should you begin applying a virgin tint going lighter?

<p>Where the hair is the darkest (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which US act or law requires a P.D. test prior to applying aniline derivative tints?

<p>U.S. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which governmental agency is responsible for mandating the use of a P.D. test before using aniline tints?

<p>FDA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a progressive hair dye?

<p>Metallic dyes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hair dye ingredient leaves the hair unsuitable for further chemical services?

<p>Metallic dyes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of hair coloring, what are certified colors?

<p>Temporary products (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where should you begin the application of a virgin tint, going darker?

<p>Where the hair is the lightest (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a client with almost entirely gray hair wants to darken it back to their original hair color, where should you begin to apply the dye?

<p>Front (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the easiest method to correct a greenish cast in blonde hair?

<p>Red (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Terms like ash, smokey, and drab are used interchangeably and refer to color bases that include which color(s)?

<p>Green, blue, or violet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is achieving even porosity and color crucial when applying high-lift tints and bleach in a virgin lightening process?

<p>To ensure a uniform and predictable color outcome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for initially applying bleach or high-lift tint away from the scalp during a virgin application?

<p>To avoid potential irritation, chemical burns, or over-processing due to the heat from the scalp (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended minimum size for sub-partings during a bleach application, and why is it important?

<p>1/8 inch, to ensure even saturation and avoid splotchy results (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When undertaking a high-lift, high-volume virgin tint application, where should the product be first applied to achieve optimal lift?

<p>Away from the scalp and then worked up to the ends, avoiding the root area initially (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a virgin bleach application, which application method is recommended to prevent banding or hot roots?

<p>Begin application 1/2 inch away from the scalp and 1 inch from the ends (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do permanent chemical reactions primarily occur when altering hair color?

<p>Cortex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hair color primarily sits on the surface of the hair shaft and does not penetrate deeply into the cortex?

<p>Temporary (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is frequently used in place of 'bleach' when referring to the process of lightening hair?

<p>Decolorizer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are strand tests essential during the decolorizing process?

<p>To assess both elasticity and decolorization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What liquid is ideal for diluting hydrogen peroxide to achieve a lower volume developer?

<p>Distilled water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When performing a 'tint-back' to restore hair to its natural color from a much lighter shade, which product is essential for filling the hair?

<p>Filler (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which solution is best suited for testing a strand of hair to identify the presence of metallic salts or dyes that could negatively interact with chemical services?

<p><code>20 v. H2O2</code>, 20 drops ammonia, 30 minutes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hair type generally undergoes decolorization at a faster rate, assuming all other factors are equal?

<p>Soft, fine, light hair (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a stylist uses a higher volume of hydrogen peroxide than recommended by the manufacturer, what is the most likely adverse effect on the client's hair and scalp?

<p>Burning of client's scalp (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Although individuals can opt to undergo an allergy, patch, or predisposition test, which authority holds the ultimate responsibility for mandating these tests?

<p>None of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms is NOT typically used to describe a hair tone that lacks warm pigment?

<p>Silvery tones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A strand test reveals that a clients hair has excessive orange tones after lightening. Which action would NOT effectively correct this?

<p>Add a warm toner (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After assessing a strand test, a stylist notices excessive yellow tones in the hair. Which option is most likely to effectively neutralize the yellow?

<p>Add a violet toner (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A strand test reveals a greenish cast in the hair. Identify the correct action from the options provided.

<p>Adding a warm toner would correct this. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical pH range of healthy human hair, skin, and nails, indicating their natural acidity?

<p>4.5 - 5.5 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical pH state of hair after undergoing chemical treatments such as perms, relaxers, bleach, or aniline tints, prior to neutralization?

<p>Both B and C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the BEST approach to guarantee how hair color will appear on a particular clients hair?

<p>Strand test (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tests is LEAST suitable for determining how a client's hair, skin, or nails will react to a specific cosmetic product?

<p>Allergy Test (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a client's skin shows inflammation following a patch test, how is this result best characterized or termed?

<p>Positive (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a positive result from a patch test, marked by inflamed skin, indicate about a client's reaction to a product?

<p>Dermatitis venenata (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When applying a virgin tint to lighten hair, where should the application begin to achieve the best results?

<p>Where the hair is the darkest. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which legislative act or law mandates the use of a Patch or Predisposition (P.D.) Test before applying aniline derivative tints to clients?

<p>U.S. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which governmental agency is responsible for requiring the use of a P.D. (patch) test before using aniline tints in hair coloring?

<p>FDA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of hair dye is exemplified by metallic dyes, which gradually alter hair color with repeated use?

<p>Metallic dyes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hair dye contains metallic salts that coat the hair, making it unsuitable for further chemical services?

<p>Metallic dyes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of hair coloring, what are certified colors, and how are they typically used?

<p>Temporary products (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When applying a virgin tint to darken a client's hair, where should the application typically commence?

<p>Where the hair is the lightest (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a client with nearly entirely gray hair seeks to return to their original, darker hair color, where should the dye application begin for optimal results?

<p>Front (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the simplest, practical strategy for correcting a greenish tint observed in blonde hair?

<p>Red (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Terms like ash, smokey, and drab collectively describe color bases that include which pigment combination?

<p>Green, blue, or violet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Henna is an example of what specific type of tint or hair colorant?

<p>Vegetable (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what conditions is it considered safe to proceed with the application of aniline derivative tints, relative to the outcome of a P.D. (patch) test?

<p>Negative and between 24 &amp; 48 hours old (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario is the application of a filler to the hair shaft MOST crucial during a tint-back procedure?

<p>When restoring hair to its natural color from a much lighter shade. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST important safety precaution to follow when using higher volumes of hydrogen peroxide than what is recommended by the manufacturer for hair coloring?

<p>Vigilantly monitoring the client to prevent skin or scalp damage. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor has the MOST influence on hair's decolorization process?

<p>The products used, following manufacturer's guidelines. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what situation would applying a warm toner be the MOST counterproductive?

<p>When the strand test reveals a greenish cast. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After chemically treating hair, what is the MOST important step to ensure its return to a healthy pH level?

<p>Neutralizing the hair. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For the MOST accurate prediction of a hair color's final result, what step should a stylist take?

<p>Conducting a strand test. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a client has experienced an inflamed skin reaction from a previous patch test, what is the safest course of action?

<p>Refrain from using the product. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step is MOST critical immediately following the decolorization of hair and prior to the application of toner?

<p>Cool and neutralize the PH of the hair. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client wants their gray hair colored back to its original, darker shade. Where should you begin?

<p>Front. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After lightening a client's hair, a strand test reveals a noticeable greenish cast. Which solution offers the BEST corrective strategy?

<p>Red based shampoo/toner. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which federal entity is responsible for enforcing standards that protect workplace health and safety?

<p>Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Terms like 'ash', 'smoky', and 'drab' are used to describe tones, indicating what color base?

<p>Green, blue, or violet. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ingredients would make the hair MOST unsuitable for additional chemical services in the future?

<p>Metallic dyes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a client's strand test reveals excessive orange tones after lightening, which corrective measure should be avoided?

<p>Adding a warm toner. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Henna falls under which hair color category?

<p>Vegetable. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A compound dye is often created with what?

<p>Vegetable dyes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another common name for Aniline derivative tints?

<p>Penetrating dyes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a client shows yellowish cast in hair what should you choose?

<p>Bluing rinse. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Synthetic Organic Compound derived from Coal Tar gives what to hair?

<p>Para-phenylene-diamine. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Certified colors are most often found in?

<p>Both B and C. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aniline derivative tints can also be known as?

<p>Oxidative tints. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color builds up and coats the cuticle? What repeated applications make the hair darker?

<p>Progressive dye / tint. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of a semi or demi-permanent color on the hair?

<p>Deposit pigment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of an Aniline Derivative Tint Color with Appropriate H2O2 on the hair?

<p>Lift and deposit pigment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of a high lift color with appropriate developer on the hair?

<p>Lift and deposit pigment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of bleach with appropriate developer on the hair?

<p>Lift natural pigment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of a Dye Solvent? Choose the correct answer.

<p>Lift artificial pigment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of a deposit only color with appropriate developer? Choose the correct answer.

<p>Deposit pigment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The agent that begins any chemical reaction is known as?

<p>A catalyst. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The stylist should rinse a decolorizer from the hair, with what type of water?

<p>Avoid tangling. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ingredient is used by the cosmetologist, is the principle ingredient in Semi, Demi, and Permanent hair color?

<p>Para Phenylenediamine. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Most oxidative tints contain known allergens because of this, they must have a or an?

<p>P.D. test. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a permanent wave if the cotton turns purple or the hair begins to smoke what does the indicate?

<p>Presence of Metallic Salts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Decolorizing is another term for:

<p>Bleaching. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a virgin tint going darker, where do you apply the product? Choose the MOST correct answer.

<p>1/2 inch from the scalp until 1/2 from the ends. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a client's hair that has been decolorized what is best to use?

<p>Toner. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a client is looking to have done the decolorization process what is recommended?

<p>Dry Hair. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do stylist use activators, boosters, protinators as in relation to?

<p>H2O2. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which area should the stylist begin applying a virgin tint when aiming for a lighter result?

<p>Where the hair is the darkest, as it typically requires the most processing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a catalyst in chemical hair services?

<p>To initiate or speed up a chemical reaction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To minimize tangling when rinsing a decolorizer from hair, which water temperature and pressure combination is recommended?

<p>Tepid water with medium pressure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of para-phenylenediamine in hair dye formulations?

<p>To deposit color within the hair shaft. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to best practices, which step should immediately follow decolorization and precede toner application?

<p>Neutralizing the hair's pH. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a neutralizer, fixative, or stabilizer, when applying a chemical relaxer to hair?

<p>To harden and shrink the hair (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hair bond can only be broken through chemical means, making it a focal point in permanent hair styling changes?

<p>Disulfide bond (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely outcome if hair that has undergone thermal straightening is then treated with a chemical relaxer?

<p>Increased risk of breakage. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided when performing subsequent relaxer applications to prevent damage during chemical hair relaxing?

<p>Overlapping the relaxer on previously treated hair. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a safe and recommended practice to perform while doing a relaxer service?

<p>Applying/leaving previously applied conditioner on the hair (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The relaxer is left on the hair longer than indicated, what is the most likely expected outcome?

<p>Hair may break (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following relaxers are most suitable on sensitive skin?

<p>Guanadine relaxer. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What chemical reaction occurs when hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is combined with an aniline derivative tint?

<p>Oxidation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is best practice to maintain a chemical relaxer service?

<p>A touch up after 3 to 4 months (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When performing any chemical service, what will likely occur if shampooing prior to any chemical service?

<p>Chemical burns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these products is most likely to be used during hot comb services?

<p>A heat protectant. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

You complete a test strand with an unmedicated strand of hair, what does this help you determine?

<p>How much processing time the hair will accept properly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To decrease volume of hair you should preform a?

<p>A soft press before application (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these items are considered for chemical relaxers?

<p>Ammonium Thioglycolate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

You are looking to complete a retouch relaxer to virgin hair, where on the head do you apply the product?

<p>Apply 1/2 inch from scalp and skip the ends (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will hair do if it's relaxed and then comes into contact with cold water? The bonds will:

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

There is a client interested in receiving extremely high heat on the hair, what should you do?

<p>Do not perform the service (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A relaxer service begins on which part of hair?

<p>the nape (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where will most of the hair breakage occur in the following areas of the hair, if the hair is overly heated?

<p>Front of hairline (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When doing a virgin relaxer, where should the application begin?

<p>1/2 inch from 1/2 end of the scalp (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes relaxed hair to break?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The following statement indicates there are metallic salts/dyes, what is the statement? 'Chemical relaxers and permanent wave may or will

<p>Smoke' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A thio relaxer should be performed on what type of hair?

<p>Damp (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client is looking to have the hair permed, however the client previously relaxed the hair using Thio, which is most appropriate?

<p>Sodium based product (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To provide extra protection products are used, what function does the extra products provide?

<p>On dry hair after shampoo (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In performing an infection control procedure, which is responsible for approving the efficacy of the infection?

<p>EPA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the standard that is likely associated with sodium and thio relaxers, but both?

<p>Alkaline (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will a neutralizer, stabilizer or fixative mostly impact on hair?

<p>Hardening (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In thermal hair straightnening, one will know the hair is finished through:

<p>The hair being shiny and glossy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In following a procedure involving a thermal press and curl, what process must happen?

<p>Must waiting until the hair cools (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of the definition relating closely to a perm definition relating on the hair?

<p>Soften and swell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial to avoid overlapping during a retouch relaxer application?

<p>To prevent over-processing and breakage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST likely consequence of rinsing a relaxer from the hair using very cold water?

<p>Tighter curl pattern and reversion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hair characteristic indicates good porosity?

<p>Ability to absorb products quickly and efficiently. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the intended effect of neutralizers on hair?

<p>To reform and harden the hair's disulfide bonds. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to apply a base cream during a relaxer service?

<p>To protect the scalp from irritation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a chemical relaxer service, what is the role of a fixative?

<p>To effectively cease the chemical reaction/processing ensuring the broken bonds are reformed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct application for virgin relaxer near the scalp?

<p>Apply near the scalp, but not on the scalp. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using cooler / tepid water when removing the relaxer?

<p>Applying the neutralizing product. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the best description of chemical hair bonds for relaxer effect on the hair?

<p>Soften/Swell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can protect the hair when completing a service?

<p>On the dry hair after the service (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

While completing a relaxing service you notice the cotton turns purple, what are the effects of this?

<p>Metallic Salts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of relaxer would be safest or best to apply to one who has a more sensitive scalp?

<p>Guanidine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For an individual with kinky hair, and the individual is interested with large curls, what chemical hair service do you offer?

<p>The individual should use a soft press. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which product ingredient would you expect with extremely kinky hair, if the look to permanently straighten?

<p>Sodium Hydroxide product (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For an individual who has completed extremely processed hair. which product should be used with light application?

<p>Low Heat and light pressure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following should be avoided when using a virgin sodium hydroxide relaxer?

<p>Avoid applying heat or pressure for better penetration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

While completing a coloring service a client comes up to you, what is the most important step to take before a client?

<p>Discuss any issue, hair expectation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which agency would you expect to approve the efficacy of products that are used for infection control?

<p>The Environmental Protection Agency. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ingredient you might find in a perm or relaxer make the hair begin to 'smoke'?

<p>Metallic Dyes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is best to describe if the hair has poor porosity?

<p>The hair absorbs product poorly and will process slower. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When completing the best thermal iron product, which aspect is focused for cleaning best?

<p>Fine steel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After a Thermal press/service, the stylists must ask the client, to keep the water?

<p>cooled (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When using hair irons on individuals with lighter hair you should check for what?

<p>Low Heat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the hair most often breaks during thermal straightening process?

<p>Front/Hair line (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

While conducting a thermal and the ends are not placed in the heat, what is the hair more likely to experience,

<p>All these are true. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of hair is press is most suited for which type of individual?

<p>Coarse hair (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When you are using a chemical relaxer what does the application do the hair skin?

<p>Soften and swell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What of the following is MOST likely to follow any chemical wave product product?

<p>Disulfide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a permanent wave, why should the cotton be removed?

<p>All these apply (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is there a situation to apply to heat to a permanent wave

<p>Oxidizing Agent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a sign you have removed everything for the neutralizing shampoo/

<p>Run water Cool/Cold (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Before any chemical reaction, what action requires

<p>Chemical Burns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a positive test regarding test for products?

<p>The test and results shows allergic reactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

You want to relax the hair of 'overly curly' hair, which of the following should work the fastest?

<p>HYDRO Product (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ingredient often doesn't require, prior testing to product, and are FDA approved?

<p>All ceritifed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Why apply lightener away from the scalp (virgin application)?

To achieve even porosity and color when lightening virgin hair.

Why is bleach/high-lift tint applied away from the scalp?

To ensure even lightening while avoiding scalp burns and faster processing at the scalp.

Minimum sub-parting size for bleach?

Minimum 1/8 inch sub-partings ensure even bleach coverage during application.

Virgin tint application start point?

Begin away from the scalp to allow for even lift, since the scalp processes faster.

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Where to start virgin bleach application?

Begin application 1/2 inch from the scalp and 1 inch from the ends.

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Where do permanent hair changes occur?

The cortex, the innermost layer of the hair shaft, is where permanent chemical reactions occur.

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Color that doesn't reach the cortex?

Temporary hair colors do not penetrate into the cortex.

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Alternate word for bleach?

Decolorizer removes pigment from the hair.

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Decolorizing? Always...

Elasticity and decolorization, ensuring hair can withstand the process.

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Diluting H2O2 strength?

Distilled water dilutes hydrogen peroxide's strength.

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"Tint-back" requires what?

A filler replaces missing underlying pigment when going darker.

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Testing for metallic salts?

20 volume H2O2 and 20 drops of ammonia for 30 minutes.

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Hair type that lightens fastest?

Soft, fine, light hair decolorizes the fastest due to its structure and lack of pigment.

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Higher H2O2 volume risk?

Clients may experience burning of the scalp.

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Who orders allergy tests?

None of the Above (salon itself mandates it)

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Tone type not warm?

Silvery tones have cool pigments.

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How to fix orange hair?

Add a warm toner because adding a cool toner will balance out the orange.

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Too much yellow? Add...

Use a violet toner to neutralize brassiness and even out the color.

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Green hair fixed by...

Adding a warm toner balances things.

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Normal pH range of hair?

Normal pH: 4.5 to 5.5 (slightly acidic)

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Hair state post-chemical service?

Both acid and alkaline

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Best way to preview hair color?

Strand test reveals color outcome.

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Testing product reaction via...

Allergy test checks prior sensitivities.

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Inflamed skin means test...

Positive Patch Test = Not good.

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Inflamed skin is...

Condition known as Dermatitis venenata

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Going lighter? Start...

Start where the hair is darkest for even lifting.

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P.D. test law:

U.S. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act

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P.D. test mandated by?

The FDA mandates use of a P.D. test.

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Progressive dye defined?

Metallic dyes gradually darken with each application.

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Metallic dyes effect:

Causes uneven results, breakage, and unpredictable reactions with other chemicals.

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Certified colors:

Temporary products only deposit color (e.g., rinses).

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Virgin tint application darker?

Begin where the hair is lightest to create an even and balanced color result.

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Darkening gray hair application?

Apply to the front, where gray is often most noticeable and requires the most coverage.

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Fixing green cast?

Achieved by using a red color to neutralize any green tones in the hair.

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Ash, smoky, drab terms?

Are used interchangeably to describe colors with primarily cool or neutral base.

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Henna tint type?

Henna is a natural dye made from the henna plant.

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Aniline + P.D. test?

Can only be applied if the test result is negative and performed between 24 - 48 hours prior.

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Compound dye made by...?

Achieved by combining metallic salts with other dyes.

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Aniline tints are...

Also known as penetrating dyes because they penetrate the hair shaft.

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Yellowish cast fixed?

Can be camouflaged by using a bluing rinse, which contains blue-violet pigments.

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Hair dye's compound?

A synthetic organic compound that is used to give color to hair dye.

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Certified color use?

Most often found in color rinses and mousses, both of which are temporary colors.

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Aniline's nickname?

Also known as oxidative tints, these dyes undergo a chemical reaction to develop color.

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Progressive dye action?

Builds up and coats the cuticle, which results in progressively darker hair with repeated use.

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Semi/Demi action

Deposit pigment only onto the hair shaft without lifting any natural color.

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Aniline action

Lift and deposit pigment, altering both natural and artificial color.

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High Lift color action

Lift and deposit, altering both natural and artificial pigments in the hair.

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Bleach's action?

Lift natural pigment without depositing artificial color.

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Dye solvent action?

Only lifts artificial pigment and does not deposit any color.

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Deposit-only action?

Deposit pigment without lifting artificial or natural pigment.

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Agent for reaction?

Catalyst is the component that initiates or speeds up a chemical reaction.

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Cool water rinsing?

This helps avoid tangling and minimizes damage to the hair.

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Principal ingredient?

Para-phenylenediamine is the primary color ingredient.

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Tint test?

Most oxidative tints contain known allergens.

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Smoking perm hair?

Could mean the presence of metallic salts

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What is decolorizing?

Decolorizing removes pigment from the hair shaft

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Virgin tint darker?

1/2 inch from the scalp to 1/2 from the ends

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Decolorize wet-or-dry?

Dry

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Activators, Boosters, Protinators, and...

H2O2

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How many hair levels?

Ten levels to achieve a platinum level.

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Minimum wait time?

Wait 24 hours between applications to minimize damage and allow the hair and scalp to recover.

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Harmful hair product?

Metallic dyes leave hair unfit for chemical services.

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Oxidation

The chemical reaction that occurs when H2O2 is combined with an aniline derivative tint is Oxidation

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Positive reaction?

Client is allergic to the product.

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Impediments in bleach?

Not added to bleach to speed up.

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Metallic salts with...?

Bleach can't be used, if the hair has been treated with a metallic salts product

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Achromatic colors

Black, White, and Gray are often referred to as Achromatic colors

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FDA approved color?

Certified Colors are colors approved by the FDA that do not require a P.D. Test prior to use.

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Blood's fluid portion?

Accounting for nearly two-thirds of the blood's volume, this is the blood's fluid portion called Plasma

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Porous hair savior?

Extremely porous hair use filler

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Metallic salts?

Product contrain-dicated with previously treated with metallic salts

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Resistant hair?

Use a pre-softener

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Pre-soften resistant gray hair?

Hydrogen peroxide

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Brushing to tint?

Avoid brushing prior to tinting the hair

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Darkening entire gray?

Begin at the front

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Henna?

Vegetable tint

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Aniline tints?

Metallic dyes/tints

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Boosters?

The catalyst H2O2 stylists use for Activators Boosters and Protinators

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Decolorizer with...?

When rinsing a decolorizer from the hair, the stylist should use cool water to avoid tangling

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Virgin tint?

Virgin tint going darker

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How many levels?

That level is 7

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Positive reaction to PD test?

Client is allergic to the product.

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Virgin sodium hydroxide?

Virgin hair is more resistant, so processing for a longer time with maximum strength is ideal to effectively break down the hair structure.

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After decolorization?

After the decolorization, a toner is used to neutralize any remaining unwanted warmth or brassiness in the hair, creating a more neutral blonde shade.

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PPD not in?

Para-phenylenediamine is not usually found in certified colors.

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Relaxer first applied?

The relaxer should be applied on the nape (most resistant area).

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Thio relaxer + wide comb?

Using a wide-tooth comb helps prevent over-stretching the hair, which can lead to damage or breakage.

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What is thermal straightening?

Thermal straightening is a temporary method of hair straightening that only lasts until the next shampoo.

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Avoid thermal tool?

Avoid using excessively hot tools on the hair as it helps avoid burning the client or student.

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Fine steal?

Hot irons made of fine steel are heated evenly.

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Pressing combs made out of?

Pressing combs handles are wooden, while the combs themselves are made of: Copper & Brass.

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When to hard press?

A hard press straightens the hair twice, and is most suitable for: Coarse Hair.

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When to soft press?

Fine hair requires less heat & pressure with a soft press.

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Hair pressed on both sides?

When a hair is pressed on both sides you get a hard press straight

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Applying a virgin sodium hydroxide:?

When applying a virgin sodium hydroxide hair relaxer, the application should be done: 1/2 inch from the scalp, 1 inch from the ends.

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Heat setting for hairline hair?

Heat and low tension for fine hair around hair line.

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Hair press last?

A hair press can be expected to last for: a couple weeks.

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Result of Improper Placement:

If the ends aren't placed correctly a fish hook end will occur.

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Shampoo hair carefully before chemical procedures

Never vigorous before perms.

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Neutraliser ingredients :

H2O2 or sodium bromide for most neutralisers

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What cold wave ph range?

Cold wave solutions usually have ph in the range of 8.2 - 9.6

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Acid waves use??

Acid waves use 5.8 - 6/8 ph range

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Scalp proximity issues in chemical services?

The scalp processes faster, potentially leading to uneven lift and irritation.

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Why use a filler 'tint-back'?

Using a filler helps ensure even color deposit and prevents a muddy or uneven result.

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Higher H2O2 Risks?

This can lead to burning of the scalp.

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P.D. test determines...

The negative P.D. test is the safety gate.

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Metallic dyes defined:

These dyes gradually darken with each application due to metallic buildup.

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Oxidation occurs with?

Oxidative tints rely on a chemical reaction to deposit color.

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Sodium hydroxide products:

Breaks down disulfide bonds to relax the hair.

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Wide-tooth combs in relaxers?

This helps prevent over-stretching and damage.

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Thermal straightening defined

This technique only lasts until the hair is shampooed.

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How steal is on hair

Made of fine steel are heated evenly.

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The pressing comb's pressing spot?

This part of the comb carries the heat for pressing.

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Tool Maintenance:

The best method to clean a curling / pressing iron is with fine steel wool.

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Fragile area:

Hairline is easily break.

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Hair press can be expected to last for

Is a sign a customer will need to maintain the style with care

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Wig Heat Styling!

Thermal styling cannot be done on synthetic wigs.

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Thermal style products?

These help protect the hair shaft from the damaging effects of heat styling.

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Good hair porosity?

Hair absorbs products easily, showing responsiveness to treatments.

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Poor porosity means?

Absorbs products poorly and processes slowly.

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Neutralizers :

Neutralizers are usually an acid, it is not alkaline

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Detangling after a relaxer:

This process utilizes tepid water with medium pressure to minimize stress.

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Study Notes

High Lift Tints and Bleach Application

  • In virgin lightening, high lift tints and bleach are applied away from the scalp to achieve even porosity and color.
  • When using high lift/high volume virgin tint, begin the application away from the scalp and up to the ends.
  • For virgin bleach on the hair, start the application 1/2 inch away from the scalp and 1 inch from the ends.
  • For virgin tints going darker, start applying 1/2 inch from the scalp until 1/2 inch from the ends
  • Applied away from the scalp initially in virgin bleach/ high-lift tint to avoid scalp burns
  • Sub-partings in a bleach application should be a minimum of 1/8 inch
  • To reduce the strength of hydrogen peroxide, distilled water is utilized
  • It's recommended to use cool water when rinsing a decolorizer to avoid tangling
  • Decolorizing is also known as bleaching
  • When decolorizing hair, strand tests are performed to test porosity and elasticity

Corrective Actions for Hair Color

  • To correct a greenish cast in blonde hair, the simplest way involves using red
  • Should a strand test reveal too much orange, do not add a warm toner to correct
  • A strand test with too much yellow can be corrected using a violet toner
  • A yellowish cast in hair could be camouflaged by using a bluing rinse

Hair structure

  • All permanent chemical reactions occur in the cortex layer of the hair
  • Hair is best decolorized when dry

Chemical Processes

  • Para-phenylene-diamine is a synthetic organic compound from coal tar used to give color to hair dye and is the principal ingredient in semi, demi and permanent hair color
  • A semi- or demi-permanent color deposits pigment and a aniline derivative tint color lifts and deposits pigment
  • A high lift color with developer both lifts and deposits natural pigment
  • Bleach with developer lifts natural pigment
  • Dye solvent with developer lifts artificial pigment
  • A deposit only color deposits pigment
  • When H2O2 combines with aniline derivative tint, a chemical reaction occurs
  • When removing a relaxer, the stylist should rinse with cool/ tepid water
  • A "Lanthionine Bond" is formed when the hydroxide relaxers break the disulfide bond and it looses one atom of sulfur, these bonds can never be reformed
  • A hydroxide relaxer removes on atom of sulfer from a disulfide bond through lanthionization
  • If the relaxer is rinsed with cold water the relaxed hair may break, revert, or tangle
  • In a permanent wave, neutralizers stop the action of the processing solution and reform broken bonds
  • Chemical hair relaxers are alkaline
  • Chemical relaxers are designed to break disulfide bonds of the hair
  • Permanent waves also break disulfide bonds
  • The action of perm solution on hair is to soften and swell
  • Acid solutions will harden and shrink the hair
  • Alkaline solutions will soften and swell on the hair and skin
  • Shampooing, blow drying/curling irons, and brushing, will break hydrogen bonds
  • A good chemical relaxer service includes rinsing well and acidic balanced shampoo to stop the relaxer's chemical action
  • A thio relaxer is applied to damp hair

Allergic Reactions Safety

  • Aniline derivative tints can be safely applied if the P.D test was negative and between 24-48 hours old.
  • A positive reaction to a P.D. test indicates the client is allergic to the product
  • If inflamed skin results from a patch test, it indicates a positive result condition called Dermatitis venenata
  • An act/law requires a P.D test is the U.S. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
  • FDA mandates P.D. tests prior to using aniline tints.
  • A positive patch test with inflamed skin is known as Dermatitis venenata
  • Although anyone may decide an allergy, agency responsible is none of the above

Hair products and tools

  • Applying higher volume H2O2 can cause burning of a client's scalp.
  • The primary ingredient in most chemical relaxers is Sodium Hydroxide.
  • Sodium Bromide or 2% Hydrogen Peroxide are used as a basic ingredient in most neutralizers
  • Stylists use H2O2 as a catalyst, along with Activators, Boosters, and Protinators.
  • Vigorous brushing or shampooing before any chemical service may result in chemical burns
  • Metallic dyes may leave the hair unfit for further chemical services
  • A product protecting the scalp from irritation in a "no-base" relaxer is that no scalp cream is applied
  • The agency that regulates & approves the efficacy of products used for infection control is the EPA
  • Certified colors don't need a P.D. Test
  • You are not suppose to speed up bleach, by adding protinators, activators, or boosters.
  • It is recommended to shampoo with tepid water to avoid tangling.
  • In a chemical relaxer, you need to stop the action of processing solution.
  • Pressing creams, oils, and other products designed to protect the hair, should be used on dry hair after shampoo
  • No scalp protective base is needed for no-lye relaxer
  • Thicker hair works better when you use the wider side of the comb, because you avoid over stretching.
  • For sensitive scalps guandine relaxers is recommended and is marketed for sensitive scalps,
  • Fine steel wool is the most appropriate when cleaning curling or pressing irons.
  • Pressing comb wooden handles comb parts is Copper and Brass.

Hair Tints

  • A tone lacking warm pigments is everything but silvery tones
  • Henna is a vegetable tint
  • Oxidative tints, also know as aniline derivative tints or penetrating dyes, contain known allergens so require a P.D test
  • Aniline derivative tints are known as oxidative and penetrating dyes
  • When using thermal tools, test the heat on a piece of white tissue paper is to avoid burning accidents
  • Modern thermal irons often use "fine steel" to evenly distribute heat
  • Certified colors are temporary
  • The application of virgin tint going lighter, should begin where the hair is the darkest
  • A virgin tint going darker should be applied to the lightest parts of the hair
  • The application of virgin tints going darker should begin where the hair is lightest
  • Permanent hair color contains para-phenylene-diamine but most certified colors do not
  • If your clients almost entirely gray use formula at the front
  • A "tint-back" from a lighter color, use a filler

pH Levels

  • The normal pH range of human hair, skin, and nails is 4.5 - 5.5
  • Average pH range of Ammonium Thioglycolate relaxer is 8.5-11.5
  • The PH levels of neutralizers are usually acidic
  • Average pH range of Sodium Hydroxide relaxer is 11.5 - 14
  • Average pH range approximately of Sodium Hydroxide 11.5-14
  • Average pH range of Acid waves is between 5.8-6.8
  • Cold wave permanent wave solutions have a pH between 8.2 and 9.6.
  • pH is Acid-Balanced range between 4.5 - 6.5

Relaxer Applications

  • The stylist should begin the application of the chemical relaxer at the nape or most resistant area.
  • The application of virgin sodium hydroxide relaxer is done 1/2 inch from scalp and 1 inch from ends
  • When applying a virgin sodium hydroxide relaxer, apply 1/2 inch from the scalp to 1 inch from ends
  • Do not treat hair previously relaxed with a sodium hydroxide product with a flat iron
  • Discontinue use of Sodium Hydroxide if hair previously relaxed
  • Sodium Hydroxide relaxer leaves that hair unfit for any chemical service
  • Applying virgin thio relaxer the application should be 1/2 inch from both scalp and ends
  • Use 1/8 inch partings when working with a Thio relaxer
  • Relaxer application generally begins at the nape
  • Don't add Aniline derivative color, alcohol or metallic dye if there is already any product:
  • At the start of the perm make sure the cotton is removed.
  • Mild relaxers should be used on thin, or damaged hair
  • A first step for relaxer service is discussing with the client
  • The basic ingredient for neutralize is H2O2 or Sodium bromide
  • The basic ingredient for most chemical relaxers is Sodium Hydroxide.
  • In a virgin hair that should be applied ½ inch from the scalp and ½ inch from the ends.
  • Don't apply with permanent color if you have done Hydroxide that's flat ironed.
  • When attempting to tint highly resistant hair you should use a pre-softener
  • Applying a virgin relaxer, the relaxing product should be applied ½ inch from the scalp and ½ inch from the ends

Relaxer Safety

  • Refrain from flat ironing hair previously treated with a sodium hydroxide product
  • The chemical relaxer is to stop the action of the processing solution
  • To remove relaxers from the hair and stop chemical actions, its necessary to rinse the hair and use an acid balanced shampoo
  • If relaxer touches skin rinse gently with a moist towel
  • Stretching the hair during application of relaxing cream will cause it to break
  • If relaxer is left in too long hair can break or discolor
  • A retouch relaxer should happen at 3 to 4 months
  • In a chemical relaxer, the action of fixative and neutralizer, is to stop processing, reform broken bonds, and straighten hair
  • If relaxer is rinsed in cold water the relaxed hair may break, revert, or tangle
  • The best step in a chemical relaxer service is to discuss with the client.
  • Avoid overlapping hair during a retouch relaxer service
  • With chemically relaxed hair, it is best to use shears when cutting

Hair Porosity

  • With extremely porous hair, a cosmetologist should probably use a filler
  • Hair with good porosity will absorb products quickly and process quickly.
  • Porosity is the hair's ability to absorb moisture
  • A sign of good porosity is hair will absorb products easily and will usually process quickly
  • Poor porosity means hair absorbs the least amount of moisture

Contradictions

  • Permanent waves, chemical relaxers, decolorizing, and permanent hair coloring are all contraindicated with metallic salts.
  • Hair that was relaxed with thioglycolate can never be treated with sodium
  • Chemical relaxers and permanent wave solutions often cause smoking on the client's head if metallic dyes are on the hair
  • Use pressing creams, oil, and products designed to protect the hair
  • Permanent waves, chemical hair relaxers, decolorizing, and permanent hair coloring with metallic salts
  • Aniline derivative tints are oxidative tints
  • Avoid brushing hair prior to tinting unless doing a strand or P.D. test first
  • Never overlap hair when doing a retouch relaxer.
  • In a permanent wave procedure, the cotton should be removed before rinsing, and after saturation

Metallic Dyes

  • Metallic dyes may leave the hair unfit for further chemical services and are classified as progressive hair dyes
  • Testing for matallic contains is done by placing 20 vol H2O2 and 20 drops of ammonia, 30 minutes

Hair color

  • Hair that is soft, fine and light decolorizes the fastest
  • Temporary colors will not penetrate the cortex
  • Certified colors are temporary and are FDA approved
  • When clients have almost entirely gray hair the best to start is at front
  • A tone lacking warm pigment includes everything but silvery tones
  • The terms ash, smoky, and drab are interchangeable and refer to green, blue, or violet
  • Henna is a vegetable tint
  • Permanent colors, color rinses, and mousses contain certified colors
  • A compound dye generally contains vegetable dyes
  • After decolorizing a client's hair toner is used.
  • The decolorization process is best done on hair that is dry

Governmental Agencies

  • The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates and approves infection control products
  • The agency that regulates & approves the efficacy of products used for infection control is the EPA
  • The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates cosmetics in the US
  • The FDA mandates P.D. tests prior to using aniline tints.
  • The agency enforces health and safety standards in the workplace OSHA.

Hair relaxing and straightening

  • A soft press and A soft perm is recommended for Large curls temporarily relaxed hair on clients with kinky hair.
  • If clients kinky hair to be permanently relaxed (straight) you do with Sodium hydroxide relaxer.
  • If client kinky hair wants temporarily relaxed (completely straight), do a Hard press or Double press
  • Fine hair around the face/hairline has low heat and pressure and use a soft press
  • It is safe to do thermal styling on remy or human hair wigs, refrain from synthetic
  • Thermal styling is unsuccessful on synthetic wigs
  • A hard press is best suited for coarse hair
  • Use Cream oils, and other products during thermal to protect hair against heat damage
  • When using the curling iron if the ends are not in the iron, the results will be burnt ends and hook ends.
  • Don't preform permanent waves or chemical hair relaxers
  • When styling extremely processed hair need to be done a low heat, light pressure
  • Usually made out of copper and brass are pressing combs.
  • Remember that the thermal treatment will be temporary
  • Hair Is most broken in the front part because it is easier to reach the hairline.
  • Clean A curling or pressing iron only used find and soft wool.
  • Wood is for pressing comb handle
  • When hair is pressed both sides refers a Hard press

Important information

  • Bleach is also known as Decolorizer

  • A catalyst starts any chemical reaction

  • Keratin's cannot be broken only chemically bonds (hydrogen, salt and disulphide)

  • Always start chemical relaxers at the nape and work on your way

  • Accounting for nearly two-thirds of the blood's volume, the blood's fluid portion: Plasma

  • Para-phenylene-diamine is a synthetic organic compound used to give color to hair dye.

  • When using higher volume H2O2 than manufacturers recommend may cause buring of clients scalp

  • Do a client card when doing per services

  • Always used shears in client hair.

  • A dye solvent lifts artificial pigments

  • When doing chemical relaxers tepid or lukewarm water is used for shampooing

  • After a thermal press & curl, wait for hair to cool before styling

  • If used to very cold water might revert back of curl

  • Do not add color treated chemical relaxers

  • Permanent Wave solutions tend to be Alkaline

  • Which of the following is not a type of bond found in the hair? answer is Keratin

  • The product protecting the scalp from irritation in a "no-base" relaxer is known as : No scalp cream is used.

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