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• Biology is defined as the science of life
• The word Biology derives from the Greek terms "bios" which means life, and "logos" meaning study
• It explores the structures, functions, and interactions of living organisms.

Major Fields of Biology

• Zoology focuses on the study of animals, including their structure, function, behavior, and diversity.
• Botany involves the study of plants, including their structure, growth, reproduction, and interactions with their environment
• Microbiology researches microorganisms, it includes the study of the structures, functions, habitats and reproduction of microorganisms, and their impacts on the health and environment.

Sub-Fields of Biology

• Morphology is the study of the form and structure of organisms, outward appearance, shape, colour, pattern, and internal structures, like organs
• Anatomy explores the internal physical structure of organisms, particularly humans, helping in disease diagnosis, medical device development, and improving quality of life
• Physiology studies the functioning of body parts, how the blood circulatory system transports vital substances throughout the body
• Histology microscopically studies tissues consisting of groups of cells with similar functions, tissue examination helps in disease diagnosis and informs drug studies
• Cytology researches on cells as the building blocks of life, including cells, organelles and mechanisms of cell division
• Molecular Biology researches biological molecules like carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Molecular biologists study fundamental life processes and develop drugs to create genetically modified organisms.
• Embryology studies organism development from a fertilized egg identifying possible birth defects
• Genetics deals with the study of transfer of characteristics from parents to offspring. It is important for determining causes of genetic disorders and developing better varieties of plants and animals.
• Paleontology studies fossils to understand the evolutionary history of organisms
• Taxonomy is the practice of placing organisms on the basis of relative similarities and differences with the aim of understanding diversity and evolutionary relationships
• Ecology studies the relationships between organisms and their environment, it helps to conserve biodiversity and solve environmental problems. The food chain illustrates the interconnectedness of organisms for energy and nutrients.
• Marine Biology studies life in oceans to understand and address marine conservation issues, it helps to discover new species. Coral reefs support a diversity of marine life.
• Pathology aids in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases by helping to detect causes and effects
• Immunology studies the components of the immune system, including creating vaccines and improving immune responses to infections
• Pharmacology studies drugs and their effects, including developing new antibiotics

Biology and Other Sciences

• Biology is intrinsically connected to other natural sciences like Chemistry, Physics, and Earth Sciences to understand life processes, environmental interactions, and the complexities of living organisms.
• Biochemistry studies existing substances in the context of photosynthesis and respiration
• Biophysics studies the applications of physics to biological processes and functions of muscles
• Computational Biology involves the use of mathematical models and computer data to simulate biological systems
• Biogeography focuses on the distribution of living organisms in different geographical regions, considering the influence of climate change
• Biostatistics plays a crucial role in analysing data in biological research, healthcare, and public health
• Biotechnology applies living organisms or their components to develop useful products, and it includes the production of insulin
• Bio-economics calculates the cost production of new crops

Careers in Biology

• Medicine and Surgery deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases
• Veterinary focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in animals, and some veterinary doctors perform surgeries.
• Environmental Science studies the issues related to pollutions and natural resources
• Microbiology researches on microorganisms to understand their impact
• Genetics studies support people with genetic conditions through testing
• Advice on proper diet can lead to better promotion of their health
• Public Health includes educating the common man on community health
• Biomedical Engineering makes medical improvements to patient care
• Bioinformatics analyzes biological data

Quranic Instructions

• Quran provides guidance that encourages thinking over the possible ways through which those events might have occurred, hints at the method of development of animals including human beings.
• Allah created life from water and clay
• Allah created animals, some creep on bellies, some that walk on two and some on four

Collaborative Science

• The Human Genome Project sequenced and mapped the entire human genome by involving molecular biology, genetics, informatics, and computer science
• Climate change science works with so many various fields, atmospheric science, ecology, economics, and sociology
• Medical Research depends on cancer consulting experts to explore biology, biochemistry, genetics, pharmacologists
• Computer science collaborates with mathematics to study neuroscience and develop autonomous vehicles
• Scientists work together to investigate astrophysics by studying planetary science, engineering in biology, and medicine to understand the cosmos

Scientific Method

• Recognition of a scientific problem involves defining a specific issue or phenomenon
• Observation involves reading and studying the relevant literature
• Qualitative observation involves non-numerical observations
• Quantitative observations involve measurements or numerical data
• Hypothesis is a scientific claim to solve a problem based on existing knowledge
• Experiments that are tested multiple times with identical results can prove the validity of a scientific theory such as evolution
• During experiments, Scientists will try to disprove their theory and come up with the best answer
• Biological sciences are the scientific laws of a uniform nature such as genetic inheritance

Malaria

• Malaria has killed more humans than any other disease
• Plasmodium is responsible for causing malaria and can be seen in the blood of malaria patients
• Mosquitoes transmit plasmodium by causing malaria
• Culex and anopheles are known to transmit Malaria