لعبه الوقت الفاضي
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Questions and Answers

What is the range for normal alanine transaminase (ALT) levels?

  • 33–47 g/L
  • 0–31 IU/L (correct)
  • 30–130 IU/L
  • 22.0–29.0 secs

    • Which abbreviation stands for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

  • CRF
  • CHF
  • COPD (correct)
  • CML

    • Which reference interval corresponds to sodium levels?

  • 3.8–5.5 mmol/L
  • 135–145 mmol/L (correct)
  • 70–400 U/L
  • 33–47 g/L

    • What does the abbreviation HIV stand for?

    <p>Human Immunodeficiency Virus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range for normal potassium levels?

    <p>3.8–5.5 mmol/L (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which abbreviation is used for acute respiratory distress syndrome?

    <p>ARDS (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation TB represent?

    <p>Tuberculosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal reference range for total iron-binding capacity?

    <p>49–78 umol/L (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is associated with pneumonia?

    <p>Fever (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action for a patient with suspected myocardial infarction (MI) who is allergic to aspirin?

    <p>Use clopidogrel monotherapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes ventricular fibrillation from sustained ventricular tachycardia?

    <p>The patient is pulseless (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is recommended for pain relief in a patient with suspected MI if GTN spray is ineffective?

    <p>Morphine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical feature indicates the presence of sustained ventricular tachycardia?

    <p>Cannon 'a' waves on JVP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ventricular tachyarrhythmia is defined by more than five consecutive heart beats within 30 seconds?

    <p>Non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the jugular venous pressure (JVP) provide information about?

    <p>Right atrial pressures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely finding on an ECG for a myocardial infarction involving the left circumflex artery?

    <p>ST elevation in leads V5–6 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is most commonly associated with heart failure?

    <p>Shortness of breath (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically evaluated in the CHAD2 score?

    <p>Risk of stroke (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which heart condition is suggested by the presence of a mid-diastolic murmur?

    <p>Mitral stenosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition might cause a patient's jugular venous pressure to be elevated?

    <p>Constrictive pericarditis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is associated with significant chest pain and typically requires management for pulmonary embolism?

    <p>Severe chest pain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be a common symptom in a patient experiencing palpitations?

    <p>Increased heart rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which heart condition might be indicated by the presence of ventricular tachyarrhythmia?

    <p>Myocardial infarction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the management approach likely required for a patient with postmyocardial infarction?

    <p>Immediate stenting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is typically indicated by a crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur?

    <p>Aortic stenosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sign is most likely to be present in a patient with heart failure due to aortic stenosis?

    <p>Raised jugular venous pressure (JVP) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What finding is indicative of mitral regurgitation during auscultation?

    <p>Murmur louder with patient in left lateral position (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most appropriate treatment for a patient with atrial fibrillation and unstable angina?

    <p>Warfarin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature is most indicative of myocardial infarction during acute chest pain?

    <p>ST elevation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient with sharp chest pain, shortness of breath, and no significant findings on examination following recent surgery?

    <p>Pulmonary embolism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a sign of heart failure?

    <p>Murmur louder on expiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic murmur finding associated with aortic stenosis?

    <p>Systolic ejection murmur (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common presentation of atrial fibrillation?

    <p>Irregularly irregular pulse (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which finding is most indicative of pneumonia in a patient presenting with a heart murmur?

    <p>Inspiratory crackles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is least likely associated with pulmonary embolism?

    <p>Bilateral pedal oedema (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient with a mid systolic click followed by a late systolic murmur at the apex, who denies any symptoms?

    <p>Barlow syndrome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely diagnosis for a 60-year-old man presenting with a sharp, tearing chest pain radiating to his back?

    <p>Aortic dissection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the management of a patient with severe crushing chest pain, who is allergic to aspirin, what is the most appropriate medication to administer?

    <p>Morphine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is most likely indicated by a patient who is unconscious, has low pulse detection, but maintains a patent airway and 97% oxygen saturation?

    <p>Sustained ventricular tachycardia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a patient with irregular heartbeat and a heart rate of 140 bpm due to atrial fibrillation, what change would you expect to see in the jugular venous pressure (JVP)?

    <p>Elevated JVP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a patient experiencing light headedness and palpitations leading to unconsciousness who was successfully shocked, what is the likely arrhythmia they suffered from?

    <p>Ventricular fibrillation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the scenario of a 60-year-old man with tearing chest pain, what associated symptom would likely not be present?

    <p>Pallor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a first-line treatment for acute chest pain in patients with known heart disease?

    <p>Warfarin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What presentation is typical for a patient with patent ductus arteriosus?

    <p>Continuous machinery-like murmur (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following aspects does NOT typically worsen during an aortic dissection?

    <p>History of hypertension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is indicated by a negative troponin test in a patient with STEMI?

    <p>Aborted MI (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is most commonly associated with pulmonary embolism?

    <p>Pleuritic chest pain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scoring system is used to predict the risk of pulmonary embolism?

    <p>Geneva scoring system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What finding differentiates a pneumothorax from pulmonary embolism?

    <p>Hyper-resonance on examination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is unlikely due to the acute presentation of symptoms?

    <p>Heart failure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sign is most likely present in heart failure due to aortic stenosis?

    <p>Raised jugular venous pressure (JVP) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In massive pulmonary embolism, which clinical sign is commonly observed?

    <p>Raised JVP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of myocardial infarction is diagnosed when Q waves develop?

    <p>Q wave MI (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What finding during auscultation indicates mitral regurgitation?

    <p>Murmur louder with patient in left lateral position (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about muscular strain is correct?

    <p>There is usually a preceding stressor or injury. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most appropriate treatment for a patient with atrial fibrillation and unstable angina?

    <p>Aspirin and clopidogrel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is most indicative of myocardial infarction in an emergency setting?

    <p>ST elevation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely diagnosis for a patient with sharp chest pain, shortness of breath, and recent nasal surgery?

    <p>Pulmonary embolism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which murmur finding is characteristic of aortic stenosis?

    <p>Crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What finding is least consistent with a diagnosis of heart failure?

    <p>Unexplained weight gain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a patient with irregular heartbeat, what change might be expected in the jugular venous pressure (JVP)?

    <p>It would be elevated (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is most commonly associated with pneumonia?

    <p>Fever (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended emergency medication for a patient suffering from suspected myocardial infarction if they are allergic to aspirin?

    <p>Clopidogrel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic points toward ventricular fibrillation?

    <p>Loss of pulse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a patient with suspected MI who has had an adequate response to GTN spray, what further pain relief measure is typically deemed unnecessary?

    <p>Morphine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common finding on ECG that suggests sustained ventricular tachycardia?

    <p>Broad QRS complexes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is NOT typically recommended for acute chest pain management according to the guidelines?

    <p>Dopamine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes nonsustained ventricular tachycardia from sustained ventricular tachycardia?

    <p>More than five consecutive heartbeats within 30 seconds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition does NOT typically cause elevated jugular venous pressure?

    <p>Pulmonary embolism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is represented by the 'v wave' in the jugular venous pressure waveform?

    <p>Atrial filling against a closed tricuspid valve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which waveforms are typically absent in atrial fibrillation?

    <p>a waves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A raised jugular venous pressure with a normal waveform pattern is most likely indicative of which condition?

    <p>Fluid overload (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which condition are large 'v waves' most commonly observed?

    <p>Tricuspid regurgitation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical feature is associated with severe heart failure in a chest x-ray?

    <p>Kerley B lines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of the PR interval in first degree heart block?

    <p>Greater than 0.20 s (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct description of a Graham Steell murmur?

    <p>A high-pitched early diastolic murmur at the left sternal edge. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which wave in the jugular venous pressure tracing indicates the closure of the tricuspid valve?

    <p>c wave (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors contributes the most points toward a DVT/PE score?

    <p>Heart rate greater than 95 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is NOT typically associated with raised JVP?

    <p>Atrial fibrillation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics of an Austin Flint murmur?

    <p>A low pitched, mid-diastolic rumble at the apex due to aortic turbulence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best describes the pain associated with aortic dissection?

    <p>Severe, tearing pain radiating toward the back. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with a mid-systolic click followed by a late systolic murmur?

    <p>Mitral valve prolapse (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely cause of chest pain described as crushing and acute?

    <p>Myocardial infarction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which murmur is best associated with pulmonary hypertension?

    <p>Graham Steell murmur (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an incorrect description of mitral valve displacement?

    <p>Causes a high-pitched early diastolic murmur. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which abbreviation refers to a type of cancer affecting the blood and bone marrow?

    <p>AML (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the abbreviation for anti-diuretic hormone?

    <p>ADH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following abbreviations is used for systemic lupus erythematosus?

    <p>SLE (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation COPD stand for?

    <p>Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of the abbreviation PE?

    <p>Pulmonary embolism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which abbreviation corresponds to the study of the heart using MRI?

    <p>MR (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation TSH represent?

    <p>Thyroid stimulating hormone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following abbreviations indicates the international normalized ratio?

    <p>INR (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which investigation/test has a normal range of 0–17 umol/L?

    <p>Bilirubin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which abbreviation is associated with deep vein thrombosis?

    <p>DVT (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation T2DM signify?

    <p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation MRI stand for?

    <p>Magnetic resonance imaging (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the abbreviation for C-reactive protein?

    <p>CRP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of the book mentioned?

    <p>To serve as an exam preparation tool for medical students (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following roles is NOT mentioned in the acknowledgments?

    <p>Chief Surgeon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one intended benefit of answering questions in the book?

    <p>To learn why incorrect answers are not suitable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is acknowledged as a consultant nephrologist?

    <p>Dr. Frederick Tam (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the authors' approach to the content?

    <p>Promoting understanding through application of clinical knowledge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of consulting drug companies' printed instructions before administering drugs?

    <p>To ensure safe and effective use of the drugs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is included in the publication details of the book?

    <p>Commissioning Editor: Joanna Koster (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of support is acknowledged in the dedications of the book?

    <p>Support from parents and family members (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable feature of the publication details provided in this book?

    <p>It includes a website for reader feedback (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which section of the book contains the highest number of questions?

    <p>Section 13: Practice Exam (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is likely to be included in the Common Reference Intervals section?

    <p>Standards for normal laboratory values (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the British Library Cataloguing data mentioned in the book?

    <p>It provides information for cataloging the book (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What element is emphasized in the foreword of the book?

    <p>The journey towards clinical excellence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of the single best answer (SBA) format in medical examinations?

    <p>It reflects real-life clinical decision-making skills. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why have multiple choice questions (MCQs) been largely abandoned in medical testing?

    <p>They can create ambiguity in the question stems. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key element that the authors aimed to achieve with the book?

    <p>To ensure readability and accessibility for all levels of medical students. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the content of '500 Single Best Answers in Medicine'?

    <p>It provides a large number of high-quality questions aligned with the curriculum. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of medical education is emphasized through the use of SBAs?

    <p>Clinical reasoning and sound judgment making. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What commonly experienced feelings do students associate with Finals, as noted by the authors?

    <p>Anxiety and excitement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable trend in the assessment of medical knowledge over time?

    <p>Transition from MCQs to formats like EMQs and SBAs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the intended outcome of using a question and answer format in the book?

    <p>To test and enhance clinical knowledge. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient with a mid systolic click followed by a late systolic murmur at the apex, who denies any symptoms?

    <p>Barlow syndrome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is indicated by sharp, tearing chest pain that radiates to the back?

    <p>Aortic dissection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the management of a patient with severe chest pain who is allergic to aspirin, what is the most appropriate medication to administer?

    <p>Clopidogrel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely arrhythmia for a patient who is unconscious and difficult to palpate a pulse but has a patent airway and 97% oxygen saturation?

    <p>Sustained ventricular tachycardia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a patient with atrial fibrillation, what would you expect to see when assessing the jugular venous pressure (JVP)?

    <p>Increased JVP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely diagnosis for a patient with a history of light headedness and palpitations who recovers after being shocked?

    <p>Ventricular fibrillation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of a patient who denies symptoms but has a mid systolic click and late systolic murmur at the apex, which of the following is least likely to occur?

    <p>Symptoms of heart failure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding a 49-year-old man with severe chest pain, hypertension, and diabetes who is allergic to aspirin?

    <p>Morphine is a suitable medication for pain relief. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What murmur is characterized by a mid-systolic click followed by a late systolic murmur at the apex?

    <p>Mitral valve prolapse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is typically indicated by a severe, tearing chest pain that may radiate to the back?

    <p>Aortic dissection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What murmur is associated with pulmonary hypertension and heard at the left sternal edge during inspiration?

    <p>Graham Steell murmur (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is least likely to be associated with myocardial ischemia or angina?

    <p>Tearing pain radiating to the back (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which murmur is best described as a low pitched, mid-diastolic rumble at the apex?

    <p>Austin Flint murmur (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a patent ductus arteriosus murmur?

    <p>Constant machinery murmur (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario would a Carey Coombs murmur most likely be heard?

    <p>Rheumatic fever with thickened valve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common description is associated with a myocardial infarction?

    <p>Severe, crushing chest pain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is least likely associated with a Pancoast’s tumour?

    <p>Exophthalmos (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient with dry cough, shortness of breath, and bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy?

    <p>Sarcoidosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT a cause of cor pulmonale?

    <p>Asthma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient with dyspnoea, cyanosis, finger clubbing, and bilateral lower zone reticulo-nodular shadowing on chest x-ray?

    <p>Pulmonary fibrosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is least likely to be present in a patient with severe asthma exacerbation?

    <p>Distended abdomen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is NOT typically associated with elevated DLCO (diffusing capacity of the lungs) levels?

    <p>Pulmonary fibrosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 67-year-old patient with a raised jugular venous pressure (JVP) and peripheral edema is suspected to have cor pulmonale. Which of the following is not a contributing factor to this condition?

    <p>Pneumonia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is used in conjunction with low molecular weight heparin for the treatment of certain clotting disorders?

    <p>Warfarin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should readers do before administering any recommended drugs?

    <p>Visit the drug companies’ websites and printed instructions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cataloging data is available from the British Library?

    <p>Cataloging in Publication Data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a feature of the dedication section of the book?

    <p>It expresses gratitude towards family and support (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the book printed?

    <p>In India (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sections contains the most questions?

    <p>Cardiovascular (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is found in the index of the book?

    <p>Quick reference for locating topics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did Joanna Koster serve in the production of the book?

    <p>Commissioning Editor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which role is responsible for the design of the book cover?

    <p>Cover Designer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is most commonly associated with pneumonia?

    <p>Fever (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action for a patient with suspected myocardial infarction who has not responded to GTN spray?

    <p>Provide morphine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of ventricular tachyarrhythmia, which type requires cardioversion due to the patient being pulseless?

    <p>Ventricular fibrillation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is recommended when a patient is allergic to aspirin and requires antiplatelet therapy?

    <p>Clopidogrel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic finding on an ECG indicates sustained ventricular tachycardia?

    <p>Broad QRS complexes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is least likely to be a symptom of a pulmonary embolism?

    <p>Cough with sputum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information does the jugular venous pressure (JVP) provide clinicians with?

    <p>Right atrial pressure and filling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common presentation of torsades de pointes arrhythmia?

    <p>Prolonged QT interval (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe a patient with STEMI who has a negative troponin test?

    <p>Aborted MI (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is most likely associated with pulmonary embolism?

    <p>Pleuritic chest pain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by an occlusion of the pulmonary vasculature by a thrombus?

    <p>Pulmonary embolism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Geneva scoring system used for?

    <p>Predicting the risk of pulmonary embolism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which finding is likely to differentiate a pneumothorax from a pulmonary embolism during a respiratory examination?

    <p>Hyper-resonance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions typically presents with shortness of breath but is unlikely to have an acute onset?

    <p>Heart failure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is least likely to be associated with an embolism?

    <p>Dull chest pain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option best describes the typical pain associated with angina?

    <p>Dull or crushing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient with a mid systolic click followed by a late systolic murmur at the apex, who denies any symptoms?

    <p>Barlow syndrome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is most likely indicated by a sharp, tearing chest pain radiating to the back?

    <p>Aortic dissection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most appropriate management for a patient with severe crushing chest pain, who is allergic to aspirin?

    <p>Morphine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a patient who is unconscious and has low pulse detection but maintains a patent airway and 97% oxygen saturation, what is the most likely arrhythmia they suffered from?

    <p>Ventricular fibrillation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a patient presenting with atrial fibrillation and a heart rate of 140 bpm, what change would typically be observed in the jugular venous pressure (JVP)?

    <p>Elevated JVP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is associated with lightheadedness and palpitations leading to unconsciousness?

    <p>Sustained ventricular tachycardia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which murmur would be least likely associated with aortic stenosis?

    <p>Holosystolic murmur (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most commonly associated symptom in patients presenting with pulmonary embolism?

    <p>Chest pain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not considered a respiratory cause of finger clubbing?

    <p>COPD (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient presenting with weight loss, decreased appetite, and finger clubbing along with chest x-ray opacity suggesting bronchogenic carcinoma?

    <p>Adenocarcinoma of the lung (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely diagnosis in a patient with acute onset pleuritic chest pain, shortness of breath, and hyper-resonance on examination?

    <p>Left-sided pneumothorax (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging modality is most appropriate as the first step for a suspected pneumothorax?

    <p>Chest x-ray (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most appropriate treatment regime for a patient suspected of having a pulmonary embolism?

    <p>Start low molecular weight heparin immediately (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In evaluating finger clubbing, which of the following is not a common resp. condition associated with it?

    <p>Asthma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lung cancer is most commonly associated with non-smokers and can present with finger clubbing?

    <p>Adenocarcinoma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical finding would most suggest a left-sided pleural effusion on examination?

    <p>Dullness to percussion on the left side (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which abbreviation stands for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia?

    <p>ALL (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is abbreviated as TSH?

    <p>thyroid stimulating hormone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation COPD refer to?

    <p>chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a common reference interval for liver function tests?

    <p>Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which abbreviation is used for beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin?

    <p>Beta-HCG (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation IVU stand for?

    <p>intravenous urography (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is the abbreviation for rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>RA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test evaluates the erythrocyte sedimentation rate?

    <p>ESR (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation ECG refer to?

    <p>electrocardiogram (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which abbreviation stands for chronic myeloid leukaemia?

    <p>CML (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following abbreviations stands for computed tomography?

    <p>CT (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which abbreviation refers to deep vein thrombosis?

    <p>DVT (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation HCC stand for?

    <p>hepatocellular carcinoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is abbreviated as CSF?

    <p>cerebrospinal fluid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sign is most likely to be found in a patient with heart failure due to aortic stenosis?

    <p>Raised jugular venous pressure (JVP) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic noise during auscultation indicates mitral regurgitation?

    <p>Murmur louder in left lateral position (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a 79-year-old patient in atrial fibrillation and unstable angina, which treatment is most appropriate?

    <p>Warfarin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is most indicative of a myocardial infarction immediately after onset of chest pain?

    <p>ST elevation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient with shortness of breath, sharp chest pain after a recent surgery, and no significant exam findings?

    <p>Pulmonary embolism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common change on the ECG during a myocardial infarction involving the left circumflex artery?

    <p>ST elevation in leads V5–6 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic murmur finding is commonly associated with aortic stenosis?

    <p>Crescendo-decrescendo pattern (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a case of heart failure, which heart murmur is most commonly associated with mitral stenosis?

    <p>Decrescendo diastolic murmur (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is indicated by the presence of narrow pulse pressure?

    <p>Cardiac tamponade (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a patient presenting with symptoms of pneumonia and a heart murmur, which finding would indicate a serious cardiac complication?

    <p>S3 heart sound (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is least likely to indicate myocardial infarction in a patient?

    <p>Stable angina episodes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the CHAD2 score in a clinical setting?

    <p>To assess stroke risk in patients with atrial fibrillation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following would most likely be an abnormal finding in a patient suffering from constrictive pericarditis?

    <p>Increased jugular venous pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a sign not typically observed on chest x-ray in patients with congestive cardiac failure?

    <p>Lower lobe diversion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following arrhythmias is characterized by episodes of rapid and irregular heartbeats originating from the atria?

    <p>Atrial fibrillation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient with first-degree heart block is likely to show which of the following ECG abnormalities?

    <p>PR interval &gt;120 ms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which finding on physical examination is most indicative of heart failure?

    <p>Elevated jugular venous pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a patient presenting with acute coronary syndrome, what is a distinct characteristic indicating myocardial infarction?

    <p>ST elevation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the management of postmyocardial infarction patients, which treatment is crucial for improving outcomes?

    <p>Cardiac rehabilitation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT a common risk factor for stroke when assessing a patient's CHAD2 score?

    <p>Recent respiratory infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What finding is least likely expected in a patient experiencing heart failure due to aortic stenosis?

    <p>Widened pulse pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is least likely to present with exertional chest tightness?

    <p>Gastroesophageal reflux disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ECG finding is least representative of ischemia during acute coronary syndrome?

    <p>Normal sinus rhythm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cases of heart failure where pulmonary congestion is present, which sign is typically observed on lung auscultation?

    <p>Bilateral coarse inspiratory crackles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary reason for consulting drug companies' instructions before administering drugs?

    <p>To ensure the use of updated protocols and recommendations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is essential to verify when referencing a book's ISBN?

    <p>The unique identification number (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which murmur is associated with mitral valve prolapse?

    <p>Mid-systolic click followed by late systolic murmur (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be concluded about the layout of the book based on the provided content?

    <p>The book contains multiple sections focusing on various medical topics. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic finding for an Austin Flint murmur?

    <p>Low pitched mid-diastolic rumble at the apex (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data' signify?

    <p>It facilitates the cataloging and identification of the book in libraries. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical feature most strongly suggests aortic dissection?

    <p>Severe tearing chest pain radiating to the back (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is most likely the purpose of the dedication section in the book?

    <p>To express appreciation to individuals who provided personal support. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What heart condition is typically indicated by a Graham Steell murmur?

    <p>Pulmonary hypertension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is least likely associated with myocardial ischaemia?

    <p>Duration of pain exceeding three days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely significance of including an index at the end of the book?

    <p>To list terms and enable easy navigation throughout the text. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these conditions is characterized by a short, mid-diastolic rumble heard best at the apex?

    <p>Carey Coombs murmur (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the content structured in terms of sections?

    <p>Each section covers a separate area of clinical excellence. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the section about the cover design indicate?

    <p>The book's visual presentation plays a role in attracting readers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of chest pain associated with a myocardial infarction (MI)?

    <p>Severe, crushing pain with acute onset (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary feature that differentiates a patent ductus arteriosus murmur from other types?

    <p>Continuous machinery murmur (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What format of questioning is increasingly favored in medical examinations due to its alignment with clinical practice?

    <p>Single Best Answer (SBA) format (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the evolution of medical examination formats is true?

    <p>The MCQ format has been largely replaced by EMQs and SBAs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant feature do EMQs and SBAs offer over traditional MCQs in medical assessments?

    <p>They eliminate ambiguity and reflect real-life situations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of medical education is emphasized by the SBA question format?

    <p>Judgment making based on clinical knowledge. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of the '500 Single Best Answers in Medicine' book for medical students?

    <p>It offers high-quality SBA questions aligned with the undergraduate curriculum. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How has the testing format for clinical knowledge in medical examinations changed over time?

    <p>From multiple choice questions to extended matching questions and single best answers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the single best answer (SBA) format?

    <p>Allows for multiple correct answers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What emotion is often associated with final examinations in medical education as described?

    <p>Excitement and anxiety (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of the book for medical students?

    <p>To assist in exam preparation and enhance knowledge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is one of the acknowledged contributors in the book?

    <p>Dr. Joanna Koster (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized as a benefit of the questions in the book?

    <p>They enhance clinical acumen by explaining incorrect answers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which institution is associated with Professor Karim Meeran?

    <p>Imperial College London (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does Dr. Michael Schachter hold?

    <p>Senior Lecturer in Clinical Pharmacology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sign is not typically seen on chest x-ray in patients with congestive cardiac failure?

    <p>Lower lobe diversion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical ECG abnormality in first degree heart block?

    <p>PR interval &gt;120 ms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a characteristic finding in acute coronary syndrome?

    <p>Stable angina (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ECG changes is indicative of myocardial infarction?

    <p>ST elevation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of troponin test result is expected in a patient who has suffered a myocardial infarction?

    <p>Positive troponin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature suggests that a patient is in congestive cardiac failure?

    <p>Bilateral basal coarse crackles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What finding is not commonly associated with heart failure?

    <p>Consistent chest pain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates the degree of risk for a stroke in a patient with certain risk factors?

    <p>CHAD2 score (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely diagnosis for a patient presenting with sudden chest pain and shortness of breath following recent surgery?

    <p>Pulmonary embolism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is most likely indicated by a patient with sharp, tearing chest pain radiating to his back?

    <p>Aortic dissection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature is most indicative of mitral regurgitation during auscultation?

    <p>Holosystolic murmur (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is least likely associated with pulmonary embolism?

    <p>Cough with sputum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which finding is most indicative of pneumonia in an adult patient?

    <p>Dullness to percussion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common presentation of atrial fibrillation?

    <p>Palpitations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which heart condition might a mid-diastolic murmur suggest?

    <p>Mitral stenosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What therapeutic approach is appropriate for a patient with a history of myocardial infarction who presents with chest pain but is allergic to aspirin?

    <p>Clopidogrel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be the most appropriate treatment option for a patient with right basal community-acquired pneumonia and no drug allergies?

    <p>Oral amoxicillin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options best explains the presence of an empyema in a patient with pneumonia?

    <p>Development of a pleural effusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pleural aspirate analysis result is typically associated with empyema?

    <p>pH &lt;7.2, increased LDH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a likely finding in respiratory assessment for a patient with community-acquired pneumonia?

    <p>Normal oxygen saturation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical feature suggests an increase in left atrial filling pressures during inspiration?

    <p>Increased left atrial filling pressures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is commonly associated with pneumonia?

    <p>Fever and productive coughing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What medication should be given if a patient with suspected myocardial infarction is allergic to aspirin?

    <p>Clopidogrel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ventricular tachyarrhythmia is defined as pulseless?

    <p>Ventricular fibrillation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended first-line medication for pain relief in a patient with suspected myocardial infarction?

    <p>GTN spray (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What presents with cannon 'a' waves on JVP when ventricular tachycardia is present?

    <p>Sustained ventricular tachycardia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about heparin and warfarin in the context of myocardial infarction management?

    <p>They provide long-term anticoagulant cover. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does jugular venous pressure (JVP) indicate?

    <p>Right atrial pressures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a patient with suspected myocardial infarction who has had an adequate response to GTN spray, what is the next step in pain management?

    <p>Monitor pain without intervention (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which abbreviation refers to chronic myeloid leukaemia?

    <p>CML (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation ECG stand for?

    <p>Electrocardiogram (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is indicated by the abbreviation COPD?

    <p>Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does APTT measure in a laboratory setting?

    <p>Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which abbreviation corresponds to anti-diuretic hormone?

    <p>ADH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation HbA1c indicate?

    <p>Glycated Hemoglobin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which abbreviation is used for deep vein thrombosis?

    <p>DVT (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation TSH represent?

    <p>Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which abbreviation corresponds to the term for human immunodeficiency virus?

    <p>HIV (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these represents peak expiratory flow rate?

    <p>PEFR (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation MRI stand for?

    <p>Magnetic Resonance Imaging (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation RA signify?

    <p>Rheumatoid Arthritis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which abbreviation refers to an intravenous procedure?

    <p>IV (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition does the abbreviation PBC refer to?

    <p>Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What sign is most likely to be present in a patient with heart failure due to aortic stenosis?

    <p>Raised jugular venous pressure (JVP) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which finding during auscultation is indicative of mitral regurgitation?

    <p>Murmur louder in left lateral position (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a patient with atrial fibrillation and unstable angina, what is the most appropriate treatment?

    <p>Aspirin and clopidogrel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is most indicative of myocardial infarction during acute chest pain?

    <p>ST elevation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnosis is most likely for a patient with shortness of breath and recently underwent nasal surgery?

    <p>Pulmonary embolism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which finding would indicate a positive result for pneumonia in a patient presenting with a heart murmur?

    <p>Bronchial breath sounds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common sign in heart failure regardless of etiology?

    <p>S3 heart sound (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is least likely associated with acute pulmonary embolism?

    <p>Fever (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'c wave' primarily represent in the context of wave forms?

    <p>Closure of the tricuspid valve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In patients with complete heart block, which type of 'a wave' is observed?

    <p>Cannon 'a waves' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hallmark radiographic feature seen in patients with congestive cardiac failure?

    <p>Kerley B lines (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A prolonged PR interval, greater than 0.2 seconds, is indicative of which condition?

    <p>First degree heart block (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which wave is specifically absent in atrial fibrillation?

    <p>A wave (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is typically associated with large 'v waves' in patients?

    <p>Tricuspid regurgitation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Upper lobe diversion on chest X-ray is typically indicative of which condition?

    <p>Congestive heart failure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological change corresponds with the x descent in wave forms?

    <p>Fall in atrial pressure during ventricular systole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the first action taken if a patient experiences an anaphylactic reaction after being given aspirin?

    <p>Ensure the patient's airway is secure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a characteristic feature of ventricular fibrillation?

    <p>Pulseless cardiac rhythm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is indicated by the presence of irregular QRS complexes and a prolonged QT interval?

    <p>Torsades de pointes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During chest pain management for suspected myocardial infarction, which medication is primarily recommended for patients who are not allergic to aspirin?

    <p>Aspirin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding the management of a patient with life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmia?

    <p>Amiodarone is used if the patient is stable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the event of a patient being treated for myocardial infarction, what other medication might be recommended if the patient has a contraindication to aspirin?

    <p>Clopidogrel monotherapy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characteristic of a sustained ventricular tachycardia observed on an ECG?

    <p>Regular broad QRS complexes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical finding would most likely be observed in a patient suffering from severe pneumonia?

    <p>Fever with productive coughing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient who presents with a mid systolic click followed by a late systolic murmur at the apex, despite having no reported symptoms?

    <p>Barlow syndrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a 60-year-old man presenting with a sharp, tearing chest pain radiating to the back, what is the most appropriate diagnosis?

    <p>Aortic dissection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In managing a patient with severe chest pain who is allergic to aspirin, which medication would be the most appropriate to administer?

    <p>Clopidogrel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What arrhythmia is a patient likely suffering from if they are unconscious, without detectable pulses, and successfully revived after defibrillation?

    <p>Ventricular fibrillation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When assessing the jugular venous pressure (JVP) of a patient with atrial fibrillation, what finding is most expected?

    <p>Elevated JVP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic presentation of a Graham Steell murmur in patients?

    <p>Diastolic murmur at the left sternal border (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is implied if a patient presents with a sustained ventricular tachycardia but maintains a patent airway and good oxygen saturation?

    <p>Acute coronary syndrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What finding would be most consistent with a patient presenting with heart failure symptoms due to left-sided heart failure?

    <p>Bilateral crackles on lung auscultation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which abbreviation refers to a type of leukaemia that typically affects younger patients?

    <p>ALL (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test measures the concentration of bilirubin in blood?

    <p>LFT (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following indicates an increased risk of thromboembolism?

    <p>DVT (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation CT PA stand for in relation to imaging?

    <p>Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiogram (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laboratory test is primarily utilized to assess a patient’s thyroid function?

    <p>TSH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which abbreviation corresponds to a common blood test for detecting liver disease?

    <p>LFT (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with elevated platelet levels?

    <p>DIC (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic sign of systemic lupus erythematosus?

    <p>Butterfly rash (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which common electrolyte imbalance can lead to heart rhythm disturbances?

    <p>Hyperkalemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which condition would you expect to see elevated levels of beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin?

    <p>Pregnancy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation RA stand for in a medical context?

    <p>Rheumatoid Arthritis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test would most likely be affected in a patient with liver dysfunction?

    <p>INR (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a prolonged APTT indicate in a patient?

    <p>Bleeding disorder or anticoagulant therapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

    <p>Cyanosis at rest (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What explains the clinical sign associated with increased left atrial filling pressures on inspiration?

    <p>Increased left atrial filling pressures on inspiration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment option would be the most appropriate for managing this patient's community-acquired pneumonia?

    <p>Oral amoxicillin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pleural aspirate analysis result would typically be seen in a patient with empyema?

    <p>pH &lt; 7.2, increased LDH, decreased glucose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of community-acquired pneumonia, what indicates the severity of the infection based on the lab results provided?

    <p>CRP of 15 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is likely to be a complication of pneumonia as observed in a patient with transient pyrexia and shortness of breath?

    <p>Pleural effusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which section of the book covers questions related to oncology?

    <p>Section 9: Oncology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What purpose does the library of Congress cataloging serve for the book?

    <p>It helps in the distribution of the book across libraries. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of content can readers expect to find in Section 11 of the book?

    <p>Questions related to infectious diseases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation 'ISBN' stand for in the book's cataloging?

    <p>International Standard Book Number (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is listed as the commissioning editor for the book?

    <p>Joanna Koster (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of clinical practice does the foreword suggest can be challenging to pursue?

    <p>Maintaining clinical excellence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the acknowledgements section, which group is NOT explicitly recognized?

    <p>Support staff (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sequence of questions provided in Section 3 about gastrointestinal topics?

    <p>Questions 1-40 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What legal responsibility does the publisher claim regarding errors or omissions in the publication?

    <p>The publisher accepts no legal responsibility (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental consideration is emphasized by Hachette UK for its publications?

    <p>Emphasizing sustainable forestry practices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key point regarding drug dosages mentioned in the publication?

    <p>Drug dosages are subject to constant revision (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of the publication's policy is related to copyright law?

    <p>Prior permission is required for reproduction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What assumption is made regarding the accuracy of the information in the publication?

    <p>The information is believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated about paper sourcing practices in the publication's environmental policy?

    <p>Sustainable forestry practices are mandated (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What responsibility does the publication acknowledge regarding drug dosage errors?

    <p>They are not liable for any errors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information is not provided to the reader about the publishers' practices?

    <p>The publishers avoid using papers from sustainable sources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates that a patient has experienced an aborted myocardial infarction (MI)?

    <p>Negative troponin after STEMI diagnosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical sign is commonly associated with a massive pulmonary embolism?

    <p>Raised jugular venous pressure (JVP) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scoring system is useful for predicting the risk related to pulmonary embolism?

    <p>Geneva scoring system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates a pneumothorax presentation from a pulmonary embolism?

    <p>Hyper-resonance on respiratory examination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is least likely to be associated with an unstable angina presentation?

    <p>Prolonged exertional symptoms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of angina differentiates it from other types of chest pain?

    <p>Dull or crushing pain in the center (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature that distinguishes NSTEMI from STEMI in terms of troponin levels?

    <p>Positive troponin level (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical feature can suggest shortness of breath due to a pulmonary embolism?

    <p>Coarse crackles on examination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is least likely to be present in a patient with a pulmonary embolism?

    <p>Cough with sputum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a patient allergic to aspirin, what is the recommended alternative treatment for myocardial infarction?

    <p>Clopidogrel monotherapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining feature of ventricular fibrillation compared to other tachyarrhythmias?

    <p>Pulseless rhythm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions is unnecessary for pain relief in a patient experiencing myocardial infarction who has already received GTN spray?

    <p>Administering morphine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is commonly associated with elevated jugular venous pressure (JVP)?

    <p>Cor pulmonale (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a patient with sustained ventricular tachycardia, what would be observed on an electrocardiogram (ECG)?

    <p>Broad QRS complexes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What immediate treatment is indicated for a patient experiencing torsades de pointes?

    <p>Intravenous magnesium sulfate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication provides rapid anticoagulation in patients suspected of an acute myocardial infarction?

    <p>Heparin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not associated with finger clubbing as a respiratory cause?

    <p>COPD (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the presenting symptoms, what is the most likely diagnosis for the 55-year-old woman with finger clubbing and weight loss?

    <p>Adenocarcinoma of the lung (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient with acute pleuritic chest pain and decreased expansion of the left side?

    <p>Left-sided pneumothorax (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most appropriate first-step imaging modality for a suspected pneumothorax?

    <p>Chest x-ray (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment should be initiated for a patient suspected of having a pulmonary embolism while waiting for CT-PA?

    <p>Commence loading with warfarin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of finger clubbing, which of the following lung conditions does not typically present with this symptom?

    <p>Chronic bronchitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lung cancer type is most likely associated with finger clubbing and weight loss in a non-smoker?

    <p>Adenocarcinoma of the lung (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following findings is least likely in a patient with a left-sided pneumothorax?

    <p>Increased breath sounds on left side (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is not associated with a Pancoast’s tumour?

    <p>Exophthalmos (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From the symptoms presented, which is the most likely diagnosis for a patient with dry cough and bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy?

    <p>Sarcoidosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is not a recognized cause of cor pulmonale?

    <p>Myasthenia gravis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient exhibiting dyspnoea, cyanosis, and finger clubbing with a chest x-ray showing reticulo-nodular shadowing?

    <p>Pulmonary fibrosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physiological observation in an asthmatic patient might suggest a severe exacerbation?

    <p>High respiratory rate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of treatment protocols for an undiagnosed patient with a high INR, which anticoagulation strategy is appropriate?

    <p>Subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin with warfarin loading (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the presentation of bronchogenic carcinoma is incorrect?

    <p>Hoarseness is unrelated to bronchogenic carcinoma. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Among the following options, which is not a common complication of COPD leading to cor pulmonale?

    <p>Pulmonary fibrosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for consulting drug companies' printed instructions before administering drugs?

    <p>To ensure safe and effective use of the drugs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the dedication themes highlighted in this book?

    <p>The influence of family and friends (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the content structured in this book?

    <p>By subject areas in medicine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one function of the British Library Cataloguing?

    <p>To create a public record for the book (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to consult the websites of drug companies?

    <p>To access updated and comprehensive drug information (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect does the contents section of the book highlight?

    <p>Different sections categorized by medical fields (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely benefit of reading the acknowledgments section?

    <p>To recognize the input of individuals in the book's creation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the ISBN represent for this book?

    <p>A unique identifier for the book (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What changes would most likely be observed on an ECG during the admission of a patient with a myocardial infarction involving the left circumflex artery?

    <p>ST elevation in leads V5–6 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the primary intervention for a patient presenting with a myocardial infarction?

    <p>Percutaneous coronary intervention (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of heart failure, which symptom is most commonly associated?

    <p>Shortness of breath (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What heart condition is typically indicated by the presence of a crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur?

    <p>Aortic stenosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following scoring systems is used to assess the likelihood of thromboembolic events in patients?

    <p>CHAD2 score (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What finding is typical during auscultation for a patient with mitral regurgitation?

    <p>Holosystolic murmur (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical feature indicates the presence of significant chest pain that may suggest a cardiac origin?

    <p>Retrosternal chest pain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an expected finding on a patient with heart failure when assessing jugular venous pressure?

    <p>Elevated JVP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a negative troponin test indicate in a patient with STEMI?

    <p>Aborted myocardial infarction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical sign is most commonly associated with pulmonary embolism?

    <p>Pleuritic chest pain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a Geneva score of 4-10 indicate?

    <p>Moderate risk of pulmonary embolism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes angina?

    <p>Crushing chest pain in the center of the chest (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is least likely to present with shortness of breath?

    <p>Muscular strain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a clinical sign of massive pulmonary embolism?

    <p>Raised jugular venous pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the presence of Q waves on an ECG?

    <p>Full-thickness myocardial infarction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is not typically associated with heart failure?

    <p>Pleuritic chest pain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of the Single Best Answer (SBA) question format over traditional multiple choice questions?

    <p>It eliminates ambiguity and reflects real-life situations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which format has largely replaced traditional multiple choice questions in medical examinations?

    <p>Extended matching questions (EMQs) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary goals of the book mentioned in the introduction?

    <p>To test and enhance clinical knowledge. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the single best answer format particularly favored in medical examinations?

    <p>It requires sound judgment and clinical knowledge. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of examinations did medical schools traditionally rely on before the adoption of EMQs and SBAs?

    <p>Multiple choice questions (MCQs) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant change has occurred in how clinical knowledge is tested in medical schools?

    <p>Shift from MCQs to more comprehensive formats like EMQs and SBAs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who contributed to the writing of the book mentioned in the content?

    <p>A collaborative group from various knowledge levels. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of the SBA question format is emphasized for students?

    <p>Making sound judgments in clinical practice. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation ASA stand for?

    <p>5-aminosalicylic acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the abbreviation CRP in medical tests?

    <p>C-reactive protein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is indicated by the abbreviation NSCLC?

    <p>Non-small cell lung carcinomas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation DIC refer to in medical terminology?

    <p>Disseminated intravascular coagulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The abbreviation COPD stands for which of the following?

    <p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation ABPA represent?

    <p>Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is indicated by the abbreviation ITP?

    <p>Immune-mediated thrombocytopenic purpura (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is represented by the abbreviation STEMI?

    <p>ST elevation myocardial infarction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation TSH stand for?

    <p>Thyroid stimulating hormone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of the abbreviation RA in a clinical context?

    <p>Rheumatoid arthritis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is indicated by the abbreviation HCC?

    <p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The abbreviation ECG is used for which test?

    <p>Electrocardiogram (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym BMI denote?

    <p>Body mass index (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation GCS stand for?

    <p>Glasgow Coma Scale (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is most characteristic of a mitral valve prolapse?

    <p>Mid-systolic click followed by late systolic murmur (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scoring criteria is used for assessing the probability of a pulmonary embolism?

    <p>Wells score (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the description of chest pain typical for an aortic dissection?

    <p>Tearing pain radiating toward the back (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What murmur is typically associated with pulmonary hypertension?

    <p>Graham Steell murmur (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor increases the score for predisposition to venous thromboembolism?

    <p>Malignancy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of a Carey Coombs murmur?

    <p>Short, mid-diastolic rumble at the apex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common presentation for myocardial ischaemia (angina)?

    <p>Crushing pain radiating to the jaw and arms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is least associated with pulmonary embolism?

    <p>Severe crushing pain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the book as indicated in the content?

    <p>To assist medical students in exam preparation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is recognized as a consultant nephrologist in the provided content?

    <p>Dr. Frederick Tam (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following roles is specifically highlighted in the acknowledgements?

    <p>Senior Lecturer in Clinical Pharmacology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of answering the questions presented in the book?

    <p>They enhance understanding of why incorrect answers are wrong. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hospital is associated with Dr. Jane Currie in the acknowledgements?

    <p>Chelsea and Westminster Hospital (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is urged before administering any of the recommended drugs?

    <p>Consult drug companies' printed instructions and websites (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data catalog records are available for this book?

    <p>British Library and Library of Congress (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is acknowledged for their support during the creation of this book?

    <p>Parents and family (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the dedication in this book primarily express gratitude for?

    <p>Emotional support (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is included in the contents section of the book?

    <p>Clinical questions and answers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely purpose of the ISBN number provided in the content?

    <p>To identify the book in cataloging systems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which section of the contents covers the topic of infectious diseases?

    <p>SECTION 11 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is prominently featured in the acknowledgment section of this book?

    <p>Support and inspiration from family and friends (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment option would be appropriate for a patient diagnosed with right basal community-acquired pneumonia and no significant comorbidities?

    <p>Oral amoxicillin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pleural aspirate analysis finding is most characteristic of an empyema?

    <p>pH &gt;7.2, ↑ LDH, ↑ glucose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical sign is primarily indicated by increased left atrial filling pressures?

    <p>Shortness of breath on exertion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic would NOT be expected in a patient with community-acquired pneumonia?

    <p>Severe chest pain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What outcome might occur if a right basal pneumonia patient develops a pleural effusion leading to an empyema?

    <p>Recognition of systemic infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is not a respiratory cause of finger clubbing?

    <p>COPD (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient with finger clubbing and a hilar opacity suspected to be bronchogenic carcinoma?

    <p>Adenocarcinoma of the lung (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is most likely to accompany acute pleuritic chest pain and shortness of breath in a healthy young adult?

    <p>Decreased chest expansion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most appropriate first step imaging modality for suspected pneumothorax?

    <p>Chest x-ray (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment regimen is most appropriate for a patient suspected of having a pulmonary embolism?

    <p>Immediate anticoagulation therapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a patient with suspected lung cancer and finger clubbing, which type of lung carcinoma is least likely?

    <p>Benign lung nodule (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following findings is least indicative of a left-sided pneumothorax?

    <p>Tracheal deviation toward the affected side (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of bronchogenic carcinoma in young, non-smoking women presenting with symptoms?

    <p>Often associated with adenocarcinoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is not associated with a Pancoast’s tumour?

    <p>Exophthalmos (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient with bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, elevated ESR, and raised serum ACE levels?

    <p>Sarcoidosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is not a cause of cor pulmonale?

    <p>Myasthenia gravis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient presenting with dyspnoea, cyanosis, and finger clubbing on chest x-ray showing bilateral lower zone reticulo-nodular shadowing?

    <p>Pulmonary fibrosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a patient with a severe exacerbation of asthma, what is a significant respiratory finding during examination?

    <p>Pulsus paradoxus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Among the listed symptoms, which is likely to be a prominent finding in cor pulmonale?

    <p>Jugular venous pressure elevation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option best describes the appropriate dosing strategy for a patient requiring prophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin?

    <p>Subcutaneous administration with no loading dose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended INR range when loading a patient with warfarin for anticoagulation therapy?

    <p>2-3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most appropriate first step in the treatment of a newly diagnosed asthmatic patient experiencing symptoms once or twice a week?

    <p>Short-acting beta-2 agonist inhaler (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ECG changes are classically seen in a patient with suspected pulmonary embolism?

    <p>Deep S-wave in lead I, pathological Q-wave in lead III (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arterial blood gas result would be most consistent with a 67-year-old patient suffering from COPD without home oxygen?

    <p>pH 7.31, PO2 10.2, PCO2 6.8 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a cause of bronchiectasis?

    <p>Left ventricular failure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the peak expiratory flow reading for the patient in the asthma scenario described?

    <p>85 percent of the predicted value (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In case of a suspected pulmonary embolism, which test is considered most definitive?

    <p>CT pulmonary angiogram (CT-Pa) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is most likely to increase the risk of developing bronchiectasis?

    <p>Chronic respiratory infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a peak expiratory flow rate of 85 percent indicate about the severity of the patient's asthma?

    <p>Mild asthma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Book Title

    • 500 Single Best Answers in MEDICINE
    • Authored by Sukhpreet Singh Dubb, Kumaran Shanmugarajah, Darren K Patten, Michael Schachter and Christina Koppel
    • Editorial advisor: Karim Meeran

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