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Which of the following factors contributed to the economic crisis in 17th century Europe?
Which of the following factors contributed to the economic crisis in 17th century Europe?
Under Louis XIV, France adopted a fully absolutist form of government.
Under Louis XIV, France adopted a fully absolutist form of government.
True
What was the role of Cardinal Richelieu in strengthening the French monarchy?
What was the role of Cardinal Richelieu in strengthening the French monarchy?
He designed policies that centralized power and enforced the king's authority, including suppressing Protestantism and weakening the Hapsburgs.
The economic policies of France during the late 17th century largely contributed to its rise, particularly under the leadership of ______.
The economic policies of France during the late 17th century largely contributed to its rise, particularly under the leadership of ______.
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Match the rulers with their respective countries and achievements:
Match the rulers with their respective countries and achievements:
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What was one of Jean Baptiste Colbert’s mercantilist principles?
What was one of Jean Baptiste Colbert’s mercantilist principles?
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Louis XIV's wars solely aimed to expand French territory without regard for the balance of power.
Louis XIV's wars solely aimed to expand French territory without regard for the balance of power.
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What transpired as a result of Charles II of Spain dying without an heir?
What transpired as a result of Charles II of Spain dying without an heir?
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The Treaty of Utrecht, signed in 1713, ensured that Philip V would remain on the Spanish throne while keeping France and Spain as _____ entities.
The Treaty of Utrecht, signed in 1713, ensured that Philip V would remain on the Spanish throne while keeping France and Spain as _____ entities.
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Match the following leaders with their policies or historical contexts:
Match the following leaders with their policies or historical contexts:
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What was one reason for Louis XIV’s constant warfare?
What was one reason for Louis XIV’s constant warfare?
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The Grand Alliance was formed to support Louis XIV's military campaigns.
The Grand Alliance was formed to support Louis XIV's military campaigns.
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Name one state that was part of the Grand Alliance.
Name one state that was part of the Grand Alliance.
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Who ruled England during a time characterized by the belief in the Divine Right of Kings?
Who ruled England during a time characterized by the belief in the Divine Right of Kings?
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Frederick II is known as an Enlightened Absolutist and a friend of Rousseau.
Frederick II is known as an Enlightened Absolutist and a friend of Rousseau.
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What major event is associated with William of Orange and Mary in England?
What major event is associated with William of Orange and Mary in England?
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The English Civil War was partly caused by the belief in the __________ of Kings.
The English Civil War was partly caused by the belief in the __________ of Kings.
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Match the English rulers with their descriptions:
Match the English rulers with their descriptions:
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What was a key consequence of England's participation in the Thirty Years' War?
What was a key consequence of England's participation in the Thirty Years' War?
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In contrast to countries like France and Prussia, England moved towards absolutism during the 17th century.
In contrast to countries like France and Prussia, England moved towards absolutism during the 17th century.
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Who was the leader associated with the military dictatorship after the English Civil War?
Who was the leader associated with the military dictatorship after the English Civil War?
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The __________ Revolution in England led to the establishment of the Bill of Rights.
The __________ Revolution in England led to the establishment of the Bill of Rights.
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Which ruler's belief in seizing land without due process created conflict with Parliament?
Which ruler's belief in seizing land without due process created conflict with Parliament?
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What was the main cause of the English Civil War?
What was the main cause of the English Civil War?
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Peter the Great established Russia's first parliament during his reign.
Peter the Great established Russia's first parliament during his reign.
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What event is referred to as the 'Glorious Revolution'?
What event is referred to as the 'Glorious Revolution'?
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The _____ system divided subjects of the Ottoman Empire into religious communities.
The _____ system divided subjects of the Ottoman Empire into religious communities.
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Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
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Which of the following reforms did Peter the Great implement?
Which of the following reforms did Peter the Great implement?
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The Dutch Republic embraced a monarchy as their form of government during the Golden Age.
The Dutch Republic embraced a monarchy as their form of government during the Golden Age.
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What document limited the power of the monarchy and affirmed parliamentary control over laws in England?
What document limited the power of the monarchy and affirmed parliamentary control over laws in England?
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The decline of the Ottoman Empire was partly due to their failure to adopt modern _____ techniques.
The decline of the Ottoman Empire was partly due to their failure to adopt modern _____ techniques.
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What was one of the cultural changes imposed by Peter the Great?
What was one of the cultural changes imposed by Peter the Great?
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What was a key economic strategy implemented by John Baptiste Colbert in France?
What was a key economic strategy implemented by John Baptiste Colbert in France?
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Spain’s reliance on silver from the Potosí mines contributed positively to its economy.
Spain’s reliance on silver from the Potosí mines contributed positively to its economy.
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Who were the rulers of the Hohenzollern family known for building a strong military state in Prussia?
Who were the rulers of the Hohenzollern family known for building a strong military state in Prussia?
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The absolutist power in Russia was centralized around the _____ who held absolute power.
The absolutist power in Russia was centralized around the _____ who held absolute power.
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Match the following concepts with their corresponding descriptions:
Match the following concepts with their corresponding descriptions:
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Which event significantly weakened Spain’s economic situation?
Which event significantly weakened Spain’s economic situation?
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Peter the Great enhanced the absolutism by promoting military reform in Russia.
Peter the Great enhanced the absolutism by promoting military reform in Russia.
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What was one way Frederick William weakened the power of the nobility in Prussia?
What was one way Frederick William weakened the power of the nobility in Prussia?
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In Austria, the Habsburgs aimed to re-establish _____ dominance in Bohemia.
In Austria, the Habsburgs aimed to re-establish _____ dominance in Bohemia.
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What distinguished the Russian service nobility from traditional boyars?
What distinguished the Russian service nobility from traditional boyars?
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Study Notes
17th Century: "Age of Crisis" and Achievement
- The 17th century was a time of population loss, economic decline, and social unrest in Europe.
- A "Little Ice Age" led to poor harvests and food scarcity, which caused famine and population decline.
- Food prices soared, wages stagnated, and unemployment increased, leading to widespread peasant rebellions.
- The Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) compounded the suffering with significant population decline and heavier taxation.
17th Century Achievements
- In response to the crisis, rulers increased state authority.
- New forms of government like Absolutism and Constitutionalism were established.
- Rulers expanded territory and created larger, more efficient bureaucracies.
- Permanent armies and stronger military forces were developed.
- Cultural movements, such as the Baroque style of art, flourished.
France's Rise and Spain's Fall
- France's strong monarchical leadership, economic policies, and military success contrasted with Spain's decline.
- Cardinal Richelieu's policies strengthened the French monarchy.
- Richelieu suppressed Protestantism and weakened the Hapsburgs, boosting France's position.
- Cardinal Mazarin continued these efforts.
- Louis XIV further centralized power, creating an absolutist monarchy with the Palace of Versailles at its heart.
- France's mercantilist policies, under Colbert, boosted its wealth and resources.
- Spain's reliance on silver mines led to economic collapse when production dwindled and miners died.
- Excessive spending on wars further depleted Spanish resources.
- Internal revolts and wars weakened Spain’s monarchy.
Rise of Absolutism in Prussia and Austria
- Prussian rulers, especially the Hohenzollerns, strengthened a centralized, militaristic state.
- The Prussian military was exceptionally large, well-disciplined, and effectively used.
- Frederick William I effectively weakened the nobility and gained control over taxation.
- Frederick William I and Frederick William created a strong military, positioning them as one of the strongest absolutist states.
- Habsburgs in Austria suppressed the nobility, reasserted Catholic dominance in Bohemia, and formed a permanent army.
Russian and Ottoman Absolutism
- Russian absolutism centralized power around the Tsar.
- Tsars reduced the power of the nobility and created a new, loyal service nobility class.
- Peter the Great established a navy, brought Western techniques, and modernized infrastructure.
- Under Ottoman leadership, the empire was centralized and all agricultural land was owned by the Sultan.
- The millet system governed religious communities autonomously.
Triumph of Constitutional States in Dutch Republic and England
- In England, tensions between Parliament and the monarchy led to the English Civil War.
- The English Civil War resulted in a republic and a protectorate.
- The monarchy was restored in 1660, but faced challenges and conflicts.
- The Glorious Revolution (1688) peacefully transferred power to William and Mary.
- This established a constitutional monarchy, limiting the monarchy's power.
- The Dutch Republic rejected monarchy and opted for a republican form of government, with power decentralized among local estates.
- This led to great commercial prosperity fueled by trade and shipbuilding.
Absolutism
- Absolutism transferred political power from nobility and church to the monarch.
- Weakened religious influence and economic expansion contributed to absolutism.
Constitutionalism
- Constitutionalism is a government framework that limits power via laws and rights.
- The framework of government is outlined by the constitution.
- Rule of law applies equally to everyone.
- Powers of government are divided to prevent excess power.
- Rights of citizens are protected and governments are accountable.
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Description
Explore the tumultuous 17th century marked by crisis and transformation in Europe. Delve into the population decline, economic struggles, and the rise of new governmental forms like Absolutism and Constitutionalism. This quiz also highlights the cultural achievements and the shifts in power dynamics, especially between France and Spain.
