skin care midterm

• Study notes generated based on the provided review of skin care material:

SRS or RMD (Structural Remodeling System)

• SRS or RMD is an anti-aging and facial rejuvenation system.
• It serves as a non-invasive alternative to surgical procedures.
• Designed to slow the natural aging process on three levels: integument/adipose tissue, muscle, and bone tissue.

Why Skin Remodeling?

• Aging affects the skin, muscles, and bones.
• This leads to wrinkles, sagging, and loss of elasticity.
• The machine helps counteract these effects.
• This is done by stimulating collagen production, muscle memory for toning, and improved circulation.

Integrated Technologies in RMD

• Ultrasound increases blood flow and fibroblast activity.
• Tightens skin, smooths fine lines, and promotes product penetration.
• High voltage pulsed current (HVPC) stimulates muscle tone and accelerates healing.
• HVPC lifts eyebrows, lids, cheeks, chin, neck, and plumps lips.
• High voltage short pulsed current (HVPC) or Electroporation creates transient pores in the lipid layer.
• This enhances product penetration and facilitates active ingredient absorption/tissue repair.
• Galvanic Current (Iontophoresis) enhances product penetration and stimulates muscle tone.
• Improves product delivery and muscle tone.
• Pulsed micro-currents restore cellular balance and improve skin texture.

Contraindications

• Medical conditions like pacemakers, cancer, diabetes, epilepsy, and blood disorders.
• Skin conditions such as severe acne, fragile skin, and active inflammation.
• Should avoid with recent dental treatments (within 3 months).
• Pregnancy and metal implants are also reasons to avoid.

Benefits of Treatment

• Anti-aging effects include reduction of fine lines and wrinkles, lifting, and firming.
• Enhanced product penetration via deep absorption of active ingredients.
• Improved skin texture and elasticity leads to tightening, smoothing, hydration, and rejuvenation.
• Offers muscle toning and contouring, particularly muscle firming.
• Supports cellular regeneration and repair via collagen and elastin production and homeostasis.
• The treatment is safe, efficient, non-invasive, and customizable.

How Treatments Affect the Skin

• Epidermis (outer layer) experiences exfoliation and renewal.
• Ultrasonic treatments remove dead skin cells, promoting faster cell turnover for a brighter complexion.
• Electroporation and iontophoresis temporarily open channels allowing serums deeper skin penetration.
• In the Dermis (middle layer), collagen and elastin stimulation occurs.
• Ultrasonic and pulsed micro-currents stimulate fibroblast activity.
• This leads to new collagen and elastin fibers that promote firmness and elasticity.
• High voltage pulsed current (HVPC) enhances muscle tone, lifting appearance.
• Improved circulation occurs, driven by increased blood flow, oxygen, and nutrients delivered by ultrasound.
• Micro-currents enhance lymphatic drainage, reduce puffiness, and promote detoxification.

Galvanic Treatments

• A galvanic unit produces a smooth, uninterrupted direct electric current (DC).
• It’s a non-invasive skincare treatment using mild electric current to helps the skin absorb water-based products.
• Stimulates and improves skin, lymphatic circulation and muscle function by firming.
• Iontophoresis uses electricity polarity (+/-) to push active ingredients deeper into the skin for better absorption.
• Electro-osmosis improves hydration and nutrient delivery.
• Galvanism stimulates small facial muscles, improving firmness and tone.

Desincrustation

• Desincrustation (using the negative pole/cathode) has non-absorbing alkaline applied (water, baking soda).
• It deeply cleans pores by liquefying sebum deposits.
• A chemical reaction (sodium hydroxide) softens follicle impaction.
• Avoid desincrustation on dry or sensitive skin areas or those poor in sebaceous glands.
• A negative charge is activated by the esthetician and attracted to the positive pole held by the client.
• Saponification causes a chemical soap-like reaction.
• Proteolysis breaks down protein, aiding exfoliation

Desincrustation Benefits

• Impurities, dirt, and excess oil are effectively removed via deep cleansing.
• Enhanced product penetration improves skincare effectiveness.
• Aids detoxification.

Ionization

• Ionization (Hydradermie DI and Cirrus 500) aids in the deep penetration of treatment serums/gels.
• A chemical reaction pushes ion products into the skin.
• A positive charge is activated by esthetician and is attracted to negative pole held by client.
• Benefits all skin types, especially dry, dehydrated and mature skin.
• It nourishes deeper epidermis layers, improving skin texture/appearance.

Ionization Benefits

• Maximizes skincare effectiveness through deep product penetration.
• Improved circulation boosts oxygen/nutrient flow.
• Detoxification helps remove impurities/excess oil.
• Leads to skin firming by toning facial muscles, reducing aging.
• Hydration and nourishment enhance skin moisture/smoothness.
• Ideal for people with dry, dull, or aging skin.
• Can support deep hydration and product absorption.
• Beneficial for individuals with congested or oily skin (when paired with desincrustation).

Contraindications

• Should avoid with heart problems and skin rashes.
• Precaution with Active grade 3 acne.
• Avoid if pregnant and if you have high blood pressure.
• Diabetes is a contraindication, including numerous metal fillings (5+ or braces).

Indirect High Frequency (HF) Treatment

• Indirect HF stimulates blood circulation/activity of sebaceous and sudoriferous glands.
• Suitable for dry skin, dehydration, and aging.
• Uses an alternating or oscillating current.
• A high-frequency vibration is created over the skin, resulting in heat and stimulating effects.
• The action on the skin increases activity of sebaceous/sudoriferous glands and improves blood/lymphatic circulation.

High Frequency Contraindications

• Skin inflammation, disorder, or disease.
• Excessive dental metalwork and hypersensitive skin.
• Avoid if you experience Oedema, or are a nervous client.
• Avoid if you have Facial/body piercing

Consultation

• Consultation ensures safe, effective treatments by assessing health history, lifestyle, and skin conditions.
• Health history checks for heart issues, diabetes, and medications, and screens for allergies/contraindications.
• Lifestyle factors include diet, hydration, stress, smoking, and alcohol use.
• Notes skin & sensitivities, like skin reactions to heat, cold, and sun.
• Assess treatment history & goals of previous treatments.
• Checks safety & compliance, including updating records and obtaining informed consent.

Skin Diagnosis Classifications

• Fitzpatrick typing evaluates genetic disposition, reaction to sun, and tanning habits.
• Determines skin type and susceptibility to sunburn/skin cancer
• The Glogau Scale classifies wrinkle severity and aging signs, from Type 1 (no wrinkles) to Type 4 (mature skin).
• Rubin Classification examines the histologic depth of skin damage and photodamage.
• It uses tools like Wood's lamp and skin scanners.
• Kligman Rosacea and Acne Classification categorizes rosacea/acne severity.

Classifying the Skin

• Fitzpatrick typing looks at genetic factors, sun response, and tanning.
• Glogau Scale assesses wrinkle severity and skin aging.
• Rubin Classification examines the depth of skin damage/photodamage.
• Kligman Classification determines rosacea and acne severity

The Nervous System

• Neurology is the study of the nervous system and its disorders.
• It controls and coordinates all body functions.
• The nervous system is composed of the brain, spinal cord, and network of nerves.
• There are 3 divisions of the nervous system, including the Cerebrospinal (CNS) and Peripheral (PNS)

Brain & Spinal Cord

• The brain is the largest nerve mass, responsible for sending and receiving messages.
• The spinal cord connects the brain to the body, protected by the spine.
• There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves, from spinal cord to body muscles and skin.

Nerve Fatigue & Stimulation

• Nerve fatigue results from overwork, leading to irritability, dull complexion, and exhaustion.
• Stimulation includes chemicals (acids/salts), massage, electrical current (high frequency), and heat.

Cranial Nerves

• 12 pairs of cranial nerves emerge from the brain and affect the head, face, and neck including the:
• • Trigeminal (5th cranial nerve): sensory/motor nerve of face, controlling chewing.
• • Facial (7th cranial nerve): chief motor nerve of facial expression.
• • Accessory (11th cranial nerve): controls neck and shoulder movements.

Components of the Skin

• The skin is the body's largest and the most complex organ.
• It is part of the integumentary system.
• Healthy skin is elastic, pliable, and soft
• The skin is composed of 70% water, 27% protides, 2% lipids, and 1% glucides.
• The skin is thickest on palms and soles and thinnest on eyelids.
• Skin contains blood vessels, sweat glands, and nerves.

Functions of the Skin

• Protection of our inner organs is a key function.
• Provides a skin barrier.
• Prevents invasion from irritants and bacteria.
• The skin is water proofing and provides UV protection.
• It eliminates toxins, synthesizes vitamin D and regulates body temperature.

Layers of the Skin

• The epidermis is waterproof barrier against infection.
• The dermis contains appendages such as hair follicles and sweat glands.
• The hypodermis, also known as the subcutaneous layer of the basement membrane

The Epidermis and its Layers

• The epidermis is the thin, soft outer most layer of the skin.
• It contains stratified epithelial layers.
• The health of the skin largely depends on it.
• The layers are:
• • Stratum corneum
• • Stratum lucidum
• • Stratum granulosum
• • Stratum spinosum
• • Stratum germinativum (basal layer)

Cells of the Epidermis

• Keratinocytes make up 90-95% of epidermal cells.
• Born in stratum germinativum undergo mitosis and apoptosis; keratin is key in skin's barrier function.
• Melanocytes produce melanin to protect against UV rays.
• Langerhan cells act as an immune response and Merkel cells aid in sensory receptors.

Keratinocyte Life Cycle

• Begins at stratum germinativum (basal layer), which is highly mitotic.
• Keratinocyte stem cells differentiate and move.
• Moves through stratum spinosum, which has pickle-like projections (desmosomes).
• Melanocytes transfer melanin to keratinocytes.
• Enters stratum granulosum where keratinization starts.
• Odland bodies contribute to the skin barrier.
• Desmosomes dissolve before eventual shedding.
• Finally reaches stratum corneum where cells undergo desquamation in the outer protective layer.

Desmosomes

• Adhesive proteins holding cells together.
• Provides epidermal strength and resistance.
• Reduction with age can result in fragile skin.