Skin Care Midterm Review PDF

Skin Care Midterm Review SRS or RMD (Structural Remodelling System) ​ Anti-aging and facial rejuvenation, non-invasive alternative to surgical procedures ​ It is designed to slow the natural aging process ​ Age related changes that affect the face occur on 3 levels 1.​ Integumen...

Skin Care Midterm Review SRS or RMD (Structural Remodelling System) ​ Anti-aging and facial rejuvenation, non-invasive alternative to surgical procedures ​ It is designed to slow the natural aging process ​ Age related changes that affect the face occur on 3 levels 1.​ Integument and sin integumentary adipose tissue 2.​ Muscle 3.​ Bone tissue Why skin remodelling is needed: ​ Aging affects the skin, muscles, and bones, leading to wrinkles, sagging and loss of elasticity ​ The machine helps counteract these effect by stimulating collagen production, muscle memory for toning, and improved circulation 5 integrated technologies used in the RMD system 1.​ Ultrasound a.​ Increases blood flow and fibroblast activity b.​ Tightens skin, smooths fine line, promotes product penetration 2.​ High voltage pulsed current (HVPC) a.​ Stimulates muscle tone and accelerates healing b.​ Lifts eyebrows & lids, cheeks, chin, neck and plumps lips 3.​ High voltage short pulsed current (HVPC) (ELECTROPORATION) a.​ Creates transient pores in the lipid layer, enhancing product penetration b.​ Facilitates active ingredients absorption and tissue repair 4.​ Galvanic current (IONTOPHORESIS) a.​ Enhances product penetration and stimulates muscle b.​ Improves product delivery and muscle tone 5.​ Pulsed micro-currents a.​ Restore cellular balance and improve skin texture Contraindications ​ Medical conditions – pacemakers, cancer, diabetes, epilepsy, blood disorders, etc) ​ Skin conditions – severe acne, fragile skin, active inflammation ​ Recent dental treatments (within 3 months) ​ Pregnancy and metal implants Benefits: ​ Anti-aging– reduction of fine lines and wrinkle, lifting and firming ​ Enhanced product penetration – deep absorption of active ingredients ​ Improved skin texture and elasticity – tightening and smoothing, hydration and rejuvenation ​ Muscle toning and contouring – muscle firming ​ Cellular regeneration and repair – collagen and elastin production, cellular homeostasis ​ Safety efficiency – non-invasive and customizable treatment How they affect the skin ​ Epidermis (outer layer) ○​ Exfoliation and renewal – ultrasound helps remove dead skin cells, promoting faster cell turnover for a brighter complexion ○​ Increased absorption – electroporation and iontophoresis temporarily open channels in the epidermis, allowing active ingredients (like serums) to penetrate deeper ​ Dermis (middle layer) ​ Collagen and elastin stimulation: ○​ Ultrasound and pulsed micro-currents stimulate fibroblast activity, leading to the production of new collagen and elastin fibers which promote firmness and elasticity ○​ High voltage pulsed current (HVPC) enhances muscle tone under the skin, contributing to a more lifted appearance ​ Improved circulation ○​ Ultrasound – increased blood flow, supplying more oxygen and nutrients to skin cells ○​ Micro-currents – enhances lymphatic drainage, reducing puffiness and promoting detoxification Galvanic ​ Galvanic unit produces a smooth flowing uninterrupted direct electric current (DC) ​ A non-invasive, gentle skincare treatment that uses mild electric current to help skin absorb water based products better, stimulate and improve skin, lymphatic circulation and muscle function by firming How it works: ​ Iontophoresis – uses electricity polarity (+/-) tp push active ingredients deeper into the skin for better absorption  ​ Electro-osmosis – helps improve hydration and nutrient delivery ​ Galvanism – stimulated small facial muscles, improving firmness and tone Affects the skin in 2 ways: Function 1 – DESINCRUSTATION (Cirrus 500) Using the Negative Pole (Cathode) ​ Non-absorbing ALKALINE solution is applied onto the skin (water and baking soda) ​ A deep pore cleansing process that liquefies sebum deposits in pores ​ Create a chemical reaction (sodium hydroxide) that soften the impaction in the follicle ​ NEVER USE DESINCRUSTATION ON DRY & SENSITIVE AREAS OF THE SKIN – EYELIDS, NECK AND AREAS THAT ARE POOR IN SEBACEOUS GLANDS ​ (-) charge activated by esthetician, attracted to (+) pole by client ​ 2 effects the negative current has on the skin 1.​ Saponification – causes a chemical soap like reaction 2.​ Proteolysis – breaks down the protein in the skin and aids in exfoliation Benefits: ​ Deep cleansing – effectively removes impurities, dirt and excess oil ​ Enhanced product penetration – maximizes skincare effectiveness ​ Detoxification – help Function 2 – IONIZATION (Hydradermie DI and Cirrus 500) ​ Is a process used in esthetics to aid in the deep penetration of treatment serums and gels into the skin ​ Create a chemical reaction that pushes ion products into the skin ​ (+) charge activated by esthetician, attracted to (-) pole held by client ​ Excellent for ALL skin, especially dry, dehydrated mature skin ○​ Nourish the deeper layers of the epidermis and improves the texture and appearance of the skin Benefits: ​ Deep product penetration – maximizes skincare effectiveness ​ Improved circulation – boosts oxygen and nutrient flow ​ Detoxification – helps remove impurities and excess oil ​ Skin firming – tones facial muscles, reducing aging ​ Hydration & nourishment – enhances skin moisture and smoothness Who can benefit? ​ People with dry, dull, or aging skin  ​ Those looking for deep hydration and product absorption ​ Individuals with congested or oily skin (when used with desincrustation) Contraindications ​ Heart problems ​ Skin rash ​ Active grade 3 acne ​ Pregnancy ​ High blood pressure ​ Diabetes ​ Numerous metal filling (5+, or have braces) Indirect HF ​ It is an effective treatment that stimulates blood circulation and the activity of sebaceous and sudoriferous glands. It is suitable for those with dry skin or suffering dehydration of the skin, aging including fine line and wrinkles ​ What type of current does it utilize ○​ The current is termed as an ALTERNATING or OSCILLATING current ○​ This movement creates a high-frequency vibrations over the skin’s surface, resulting in a heating, stimulating effect ​ What is the action on the skin ○​ Increases activity of sebaceous and sudoriferous glands ○​ Improves blood circulation, nourishing the skin ○​ Improves lymphatic circulation, speeding up the elimination of waste products Contraindication: ​ Skin inflammation, disorder or disease ​ Excessive dental metalwork ​ Hypersensitive skin ​ Oedema ​ Nervous client ​ Facial/body piercing Consultation – why do we do consultation ​ Ensures safe, effective treatments by assessing health history, lifestyle, and skin conditions 1.​ Health history  a.​ Identifies conditions – heart issues, diabetes, and medications affecting treatment b.​ Screens for allergies and contraindications 2.​ Lifestyle factors a.​ Evaluates diet, hydration, stress, smoking and alcohol use 3.​ Skin & sensitivities a.​ Determines skin reactions to heat, cold, and sun 4.​ Treatment history & goals a.​ Avoids adverse reactions from previous treatments b.​ Aligns procedures with client objectives 5.​ Safety & compliance a.​ Updates records for legal and ethical accountability b.​ Ensures informed consent Skin diagnosis What are the different types of skin diagnosis classifications 1.​ Fitzpatrick typing ​ Evaluates genetic disposition, reaction to sun exposure, and tanning habits ​ Commonly used to determine skin type and susceptibility to sunburn and skin cancer 2.​ The Glogau Scale ​ Classifies the severity of wrinkles and aging signs ○​ Type 1 – no wrinkles ○​ Type 2 – wrinkles in motion (dynamic) ○​ Type 3 – wrinkles at rest (static) ○​ Type 4 – wrinkles are predominant (mature skin) 3.​ Rubin Classification ​ Examines histologic depth of skin damage ​ Uses tools like Wood’s lamp skin/skin scanner, visia, dermlite ​ Levels of photodamage ○​ Level 1 – damage limited to the epidermis ○​ Level 2 – damage affects both the epidermis and papillary dermis ○​ Level 3 – damage extends to the epidermis, papillary dermis and reticular dermis 4.​ Kligman Rosacea and Acne Classification ​ Categorizes rosacea and acne severity ○​ Stage 1 – erythema in nasolabial folds, cheeks, forehead ○​ Stage 2 – inflammation, pustules, papules, larger pores  ○​ Stage 3 – severe condition with large nodules, coarse texture, and an “orange peel” appearance What does each one of us focus on to classify the skin ​ Fitzpatrick typing – genetic factors, sun response, tanning ​ Glogau Scale – wrinkle severity and skin aging ​ Rubin Classification – depth of skin damage and photodamage ​ Kligman Classification – severity of rosacea and acne Nervous system in Week 2-3 Overview of the nervous system ​ Neurology is the study of the nervous system and its disorders ​ It controls and coordinates all body functions ​ Composed of – brain, spinal cord, and network of nerves ​ Ensures all body systems work harmoniously 3 divisions of the nervous system 1.​ Cerebrospinal (Central Nervous System – CNS) – includes the brain and spinal cord a.​ Controls consciousness, mental activity, voluntary movements, and senses 2.​ Peripheral Nervous System – PNS) – consists of sensory and motor nerves extending throughout the body a.​ Function – carries messages between CNS and body parts 3.​ Autonomic Nervous System (PNS) – regulates involuntary functions like heartbeat and digestion a.​ Sympathetic division – active during stress or emergencies b.​ Parasympathetic division – active during rest and relaxation Types of nerves ​ Neurons – basic units of the nervous system, transmitting impulses ​ Sensory (afferent) nerves – carry messages from sense organs to the brain eg; touch, pain, temperature ​ Motor (efferent) nerves – transmit messages from the brain to muscles for movement ​ Reflex action – an automatic response to stimuli eg; pulling hand away from heat The brain & spinal cord ​ Brain – the largest nerve mass, responsible for sending and receiving messages ​ Spinal cord – connects the brain to the body, protected by the spine ​ 31 pairs of spinal nerves – extend from the spinal cord to body muscles and skin Nerve fatigue & stimulation ​ Nerve fatigue – caused by overwork, leading to irritability, dull complexion, and exhaustion ​ Ways to stimulate nerves 1.​ Chemicals – acids/salts 2.​ Massage – manual or vibratory 3.​ Electrical current – high frequency 4.​ Heat – dry or moist eg; steamers, heat lamps Cranial nerves ​ 12 pairs of cranial nerves – emerge from the brain and affect the head, face and neck ​ Important cranial nerves for facial services 1.​ Trigeminal (5th cranial nerve) – sensory and motor nerve of the face; controls chewing 2.​ Facial (7th cranial nerve) – chief motor nerve of facial expression 3.​ Accessory (11th cranial nerve) – controls neck and shoulder movements Important nerve branches ​ Trigeminal nerve branches ○​ Supra-orbital nerve – forehead and upper eyelid ○​ Infra-orbital nerve – lower eyelid, upper lip, mouth ○​ Mental nerve – lower lip and chin ​ Facial nerve branches ○​ Buccal nerve – muscles of the mouth ○​ Cervical nerve – muscles of the neck ​ Spinal nerve branches ○​ Greater occipital nerve – back of the head and scalp ○​ Greater auricular nerve – ear region Layers of the skin and aging skin – Week 1 The skin ​ It is the largest and most complex organ of the body ​ Part of the integumentary system ​ Healthy skin is elastic, pliable and soft ​ Composition – 70% water, 27% protides, 2% lipids, 1% glucides ​ Thickest on palms and soles, thinnest on eyelids ​ Contains miles of blood vessels, millions of sweat glands and an array of nerves Functions of the skin ​ Protection of our inner organs ​ Provides a skin barrier ​ Prevents invasion from irritants and bacteria ​ Waterproofing and UV protection ​ Eliminates toxins ​ Synthesis vitamin D ​ Regulates body temperature Layers of the skin ​ Epidermis – waterproof barrier against infection ​ Dermis – contains appendages such as hair follicles, sweat glands ​ Hypodermis – also known as the subcutaneous layer of basement membrane The epidermis and its layers ​ It is thin, soft outer most layer of the skin ​ Contains stratified epithelial layers ​ Largely responsible for the health of the skin 1.​ Stratum corneum 2.​ Stratum lucidum 3.​ Stratum granulosum 4.​ Stratum spinosum 5.​ Stratum germinativum (basal layer) Cells of the epidermis ​ Keratinocytes (90-95% of epidermal cells) ○​ Born in the stratum germinativum ○​ Undergo mitosis and eventually die off (apoptosis) ○​ Key in maintaining the skin’s barrier function ​ Melanocytes – produce melanin to protect against UV rays ​ Langerhan cells – immune response ​ Merkel cells – sensory receptors Keratinocyte life cycle ​ Begins at stratum germinativum (basal layer) ○​ Highly mitotic layer ○​ Keratinocyte stem cells differentiate and move ​ Moves through stratum spinosum  ○​ Pickle-like projections (desmosomes) provide strength ○​ Melanocytes transfer melanin to keratinocytes ​ Enters stratum granulosum ○​ Keratinization process starts ○​ Odland bodies (ceramides, fatty acids) contribute to skin barrier ○​ Desmosomes begin to dissolve for eventual shedding ​ Finally reaches stratum corneum ○​ Outer protective layer, cells undergo desquamation Desmosomes ​ Adhesive proteins holding cells together ​ Provides epidermal strength and resistance ​ Reduction with age can head to fragile skin