Questions and Answers
If you travel to a foreign country and notice that people are having great difficulty seeing in low light conditions, what vitamin is probably lacking in their diet?
If you have been trapped inside for 3 straight weeks, what vitamin deficiency might you be suffering from?
Where does the iodine in your body come from?
The thyroid produces it; also comes from fish, salt, etc.
Is your blood pressure higher in a capillary or a venule in your systemic circuit?
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If you have too little glucose in your bloodstream, what will your liver break down?
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Oxygen that is found in your interstitial fluid came from where?
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If you don't have enough iron in your diet, what might you be suffering from?
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Why is it a bad idea to turn the heater on in an old beat-up car when it is sitting in your garage?
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Why is a high white blood cell count an indicator that you may not be healthy?
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Where will the carbon dioxide that is made by your cells in respiration go?
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If you have type O blood, who can you receive blood from?
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A test reveals that you have only anti-A antibodies. What type of blood do you have?
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A mother with type A blood and a father with type A blood have a child that does not have type A blood. Is that possible, or was the baby switched at the hospital? What type of blood does the baby have?
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An Rh- woman and an Rh- father have a child. Is it possible for the baby to have erythroblastosis fetalis?
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If you take your blood pressure, and it reads 180/100, should you be excited or worried?
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Blood is in an arteriole in the pulmonary circuit. Is that blood high in oxygen or low in oxygen?
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Other than fighting infection, what are some other important functions of your lymphatic system? (Select all that apply)
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Blood is flowing through your tricuspid valve. Is carbon dioxide high or low?
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Blood is flowing through the aortic semilunar valve. Is carbon dioxide high or low?
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Blood is in the lungs. What is the last valve that blood flowed through?
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Blood is going through the aorta. Where is it going next?
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If the AV node is malfunctioning, it will affect the contraction of what part of the heart?
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What is the digestive function of the appendix?
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Is blood that is in the capillaries in your liver high in oxygen or low in oxygen?
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Is blood that is in your capillaries in your pulmonary circuit high in oxygen or low in oxygen?
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How are the circulatory and lymphatic systems linked?
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Your blood is not clotting properly. What type of cells/cell fragments are not functioning properly?
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What type of blood vessel is your pulmonary trunk?
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If your lymphatic system becomes blocked, that will prevent the transport of what?
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Where does the carbon dioxide in your pulmonary capillaries go?
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If blood is in your right atrium, what is the last blood vessel it flowed through?
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What does your large intestine absorb?
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Why do you have valves in your veins? If they break, what happens to you?
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What causes a heart attack and what can you do to help prevent that?
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If you are not making enough Vitamin K, then what part of your body is probably malfunctioning?
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If blood is in a venule in your pulmonary circuit, is it high in oxygen or low in oxygen?
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What causes cirrhosis of the liver?
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Where does the oxygen in your blood come from?
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Why didn't blood transfusions work very consistently before the twentieth century?
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What are the folds in the walls of the small intestine?
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What is NOT a part of the large intestine?
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Where in the heart is O2 high and CO2 low?
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When the heart contracts, where is pressure the highest?
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The large intestine concentrates and stores feces.
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What is the connective tissue in the heart called?
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In the circuit diagram, where would O2 be HIGH?
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If your thyroid swells and you have a goiter, what might you want to include more of in your diet?
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In which of the following would you find high levels of carbon dioxide? (Select all that apply)
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Blood is in an arteriole in your arm. What is the last valve it went through in the heart?
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Carbon dioxide is in your alveoli. Where did that carbon dioxide come directly from?
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If blood flowed backwards into your left atrium, it would be because _____ didn't close properly and would cause a ____.
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When blood flows through a vein, it is:
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Blood is flowing through your tricuspid valve; what will happen when it leaves that side of the heart?
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If the SA node ceased to function in your heart, what would happen?
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If an Rh- mother and an Rh- father have a child, then it could not have erythroblastosis fetalis.
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You are at the juncture of an arteriole and a pulmonary capillary; the blood there is:
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When a substance is in the cecum, where is it going directly next?
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The carbon dioxide in your interstitial fluid just came from your:
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You are in charge of a kitchen at an orphanage in an undeveloped country where children have Kwashiorkor syndrome. What are they lacking in their diet?
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If someone infuses extra red blood cells into their blood, this would:
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An arteriole in the pulmonary circuit would be:
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If carbon dioxide is in the alveoli, then where did it directly come from?
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The most concentrated source of energy for the body is:
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What nutrient provides a quick source of energy?
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What nutrient provides 9 essential amino acids?
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When the stomach swells from a lack of proteins, this condition is called:
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What minerals must be obtained from food and liquids?
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What vitamin is stored in the large intestine?
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The vitamin found in greens, carrots, and pumpkin that causes night blindness when lacking is:
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What vitamin is important for pregnant people?
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What does the liver store? (Select all that apply)
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What is scarring of the liver called?
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What does the liver produce?
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What is the function of the circulatory system?
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Where are erythrocytes produced?
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Hemoglobin is a _____ based protein.
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Hemoglobin carries ____ and ____.
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What are white blood cells called?
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White blood cells are _____ but less _____ than red blood cells.
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Do leukocytes have a nucleus?
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Lymphocytes produce:
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Platelets are cell:
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The four blood types are:
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Blood types are identified by the type of:
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What is the allele for Rh antigens?
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What antigens are present in type A blood?
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What antibodies are present in type O blood?
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What is the fetal condition involving Rh antibodies called?
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What must be the phenotypes of mom, dad, and baby for erythroblastosis fetalis to occur?
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Arteries carry blood _____ from the heart.
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Veins carry blood _____ the heart.
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Which circuit interacts with the lungs?
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Which circuit goes to the rest of your body?
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The pulmonary circuit is the _____ loop.
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- side of the heart → lungs → - side of heart.
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The pulmonary circuit _____ oxygen to/from blood.
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The systemic circuit starts at which side of the heart?
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What is the main artery of the body?
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What is the heart's connective tissue called?
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Upper chambers of the heart are called:
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Study Notes
Vitamins and Nutrients
- Vitamin A deficiency can cause difficulties seeing in low light conditions.
- Insufficient Vitamin D may result from prolonged indoor confinement and can affect bone health.
- Iodine is sourced from the thyroid and dietary sources like fish and iodized salt.
- A lack of iron in the diet can lead to anemia, characterized by reduced red blood cell counts.
Blood Circulation and Pressure
- Blood pressure is higher in capillaries than in venules due to resistance in smaller blood vessels.
- Stored glycogen in the liver is broken down when blood glucose levels are low.
- Oxygen in interstitial fluid originates from capillaries in the systemic circuit.
- Carbon dioxide produced by cellular respiration is exhaled from the lungs.
Blood Types and Transfusions
- Type O blood can receive donations from O+ and only O- for compatibility.
- Presence of only anti-A antibodies indicates Type B blood.
- Two Type A parents can produce a Type O child due to recessive alleles.
- Erythroblastosis fetalis is not possible with both parents Rh-.
Heart Functionality and Structure
- High blood pressure readings (180/100) denote concern; ideal is 120/80.
- Blood in the pulmonary circuit's arterioles is low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide.
- Functions of the lymphatic system include fluid level management, reacting to bacteria, and absorbing dietary fats.
Digestive and Absorptive Processes
- The large intestine absorbs water and salts, concentrating and storing fecal matter.
- Lack of protein in the diet leads to Kwashiorkor syndrome, affecting children's health in underdeveloped areas.
Liver Functions and Health
- Liver diseases such as cirrhosis stem from chronic alcohol use or hepatitis infections.
- The liver produces bile and stores glycogen, iron, and vitamins.
- Insufficient Vitamin K affects liver function, vital for blood clotting.
Blood Composition and Function
- Red blood cells (erythrocytes) are generated in red bone marrow and contain hemoglobin, which binds oxygen and carbon dioxide.
- White blood cells (leukocytes) are larger than red blood cells and are crucial for the immune response.
- Platelets are cell fragments necessary for blood clotting.
Cardiovascular System Overview
- Arteries transport blood away from the heart; veins carry blood toward it.
- The pulmonary circuit connects to the lungs, while the systemic circuit serves the rest of the body.
- The aorta is recognized as the body's main artery and initiates systemic blood flow.
- The heart's upper chambers consist of the atria, responsible for receiving blood.
Blood Type Genetics
- Four main blood types are A, B, AB, and O, identified by their distinct antigens.
- Type O blood carries anti-A and anti-B antibodies and can only accept type O blood.
- An Rh- mother and Rh+ father can produce a child with Rh+ blood, leading to possible complications in pregnancy.
Blood Vessel Structure
- Valves in veins prevent backflow; malfunctioning valves can result in varicose veins.
Specialized Medical Conditions
- Heart attacks occur when arteries supplying the heart become blocked; prevention includes exercise, healthy diet, and avoiding smoking.
- Erythroblastosis fetalis arises from specific Rh compatibility conditions during pregnancy.
Summary of Knowledge Areas
- Understanding vitamin roles, the circulatory and digestive systems, blood health essentials, and proper heart function is crucial for maintaining overall health.
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Test your knowledge on essential vitamins and their sources with these flashcards. Each card poses a practical scenario related to vitamin deficiencies and nutrition. Perfect for biology students looking to enhance their understanding of dietary health.