1010 Bio Application Questions Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

If you travel to a foreign country and notice that people are having great difficulty seeing in low light conditions, what vitamin is probably lacking in their diet?

  • Vitamin B
  • Vitamin D
  • Vitamin C
  • Vitamin A (correct)

    • If you have been trapped inside for 3 straight weeks, what vitamin deficiency might you be suffering from?

  • Vitamin D (correct)
  • Vitamin A
  • Vitamin C
  • Vitamin E

    • Where does the iodine in your body come from?

    The thyroid produces it; also comes from fish, salt, etc.

    Is your blood pressure higher in a capillary or a venule in your systemic circuit?

    <p>Capillary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you have too little glucose in your bloodstream, what will your liver break down?

    <p>Stored glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Oxygen that is found in your interstitial fluid came from where?

    <p>A capillary in the systemic circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you don't have enough iron in your diet, what might you be suffering from?

    <p>Anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it a bad idea to turn the heater on in an old beat-up car when it is sitting in your garage?

    <p>Releases carbon monoxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a high white blood cell count an indicator that you may not be healthy?

    <p>Indicates Infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where will the carbon dioxide that is made by your cells in respiration go?

    <p>It is exhaled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you have type O blood, who can you receive blood from?

    <p>O+ can receive any blood, O- can ONLY have O-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A test reveals that you have only anti-A antibodies. What type of blood do you have?

    <p>Type B blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A mother with type A blood and a father with type A blood have a child that does not have type A blood. Is that possible, or was the baby switched at the hospital? What type of blood does the baby have?

    <p>It's possible that the baby has type O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An Rh- woman and an Rh- father have a child. Is it possible for the baby to have erythroblastosis fetalis?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you take your blood pressure, and it reads 180/100, should you be excited or worried?

    <p>Worried</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood is in an arteriole in the pulmonary circuit. Is that blood high in oxygen or low in oxygen?

    <p>Low oxygen, high CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Other than fighting infection, what are some other important functions of your lymphatic system? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Deal with cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood is flowing through your tricuspid valve. Is carbon dioxide high or low?

    <p>High CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood is flowing through the aortic semilunar valve. Is carbon dioxide high or low?

    <p>Low CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood is in the lungs. What is the last valve that blood flowed through?

    <p>Pulmonary semilunar valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood is going through the aorta. Where is it going next?

    <p>Rest of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the AV node is malfunctioning, it will affect the contraction of what part of the heart?

    <p>Your right and left ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the digestive function of the appendix?

    Signup and view all the answers

    Is blood that is in the capillaries in your liver high in oxygen or low in oxygen?

    <p>If you are at the start, you will be high in oxygen; if you are at the end, high CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is blood that is in your capillaries in your pulmonary circuit high in oxygen or low in oxygen?

    <p>High oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the circulatory and lymphatic systems linked?

    <p>Returns water, blood, and plasma back into blood circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Your blood is not clotting properly. What type of cells/cell fragments are not functioning properly?

    <p>Platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of blood vessel is your pulmonary trunk?

    <p>Pulmonary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If your lymphatic system becomes blocked, that will prevent the transport of what?

    <p>White blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the carbon dioxide in your pulmonary capillaries go?

    <p>Alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If blood is in your right atrium, what is the last blood vessel it flowed through?

    <p>Superior and inferior vena cava</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does your large intestine absorb?

    <p>Water and salt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do you have valves in your veins? If they break, what happens to you?

    <p>Helps return blood to the heart; varicose veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes a heart attack and what can you do to help prevent that?

    <p>Occurs when an artery that sends blood and oxygen to the heart is blocked. 1. Exercise 2. Healthy eating 3. No smoking 4. Manage stress 5. Regular health screening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you are not making enough Vitamin K, then what part of your body is probably malfunctioning?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If blood is in a venule in your pulmonary circuit, is it high in oxygen or low in oxygen?

    <p>High oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes cirrhosis of the liver?

    <p>Chronic alcohol abuse, Hepatitis B or C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the oxygen in your blood come from?

    <p>Alveoli of lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why didn't blood transfusions work very consistently before the twentieth century?

    <p>Because back then, no one really knew that you aren't supposed to mix certain blood types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the folds in the walls of the small intestine?

    <p>Plicae circulares</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a part of the large intestine?

    <p>Ileum, jejunum, and duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where in the heart is O2 high and CO2 low?

    <p>Left side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When the heart contracts, where is pressure the highest?

    <p>Contracting ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The large intestine concentrates and stores feces.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the connective tissue in the heart called?

    <p>Pericardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the circuit diagram, where would O2 be HIGH?

    <p>Pulmonary vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If your thyroid swells and you have a goiter, what might you want to include more of in your diet?

    <p>Seafood and iodized salt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which of the following would you find high levels of carbon dioxide? (Select all that apply)

    <p>The tricuspid valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood is in an arteriole in your arm. What is the last valve it went through in the heart?

    <p>Aortic semilunar valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carbon dioxide is in your alveoli. Where did that carbon dioxide come directly from?

    <p>The capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If blood flowed backwards into your left atrium, it would be because _____ didn't close properly and would cause a ____.

    <p>The bicuspid valve, murmur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When blood flows through a vein, it is:

    Signup and view all the answers

    Blood is flowing through your tricuspid valve; what will happen when it leaves that side of the heart?

    <p>Will flow into the pulmonary circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the SA node ceased to function in your heart, what would happen?

    <p>Prevent the atria from contracting, prevent ventricles from contracting, prevent an impulse from starting in your heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If an Rh- mother and an Rh- father have a child, then it could not have erythroblastosis fetalis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    You are at the juncture of an arteriole and a pulmonary capillary; the blood there is:

    <p>Is high in carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a substance is in the cecum, where is it going directly next?

    <p>The ascending colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The carbon dioxide in your interstitial fluid just came from your:

    <p>Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    You are in charge of a kitchen at an orphanage in an undeveloped country where children have Kwashiorkor syndrome. What are they lacking in their diet?

    <p>Protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If someone infuses extra red blood cells into their blood, this would:

    <p>Improve oxygen delivery to cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An arteriole in the pulmonary circuit would be:

    <p>High in carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If carbon dioxide is in the alveoli, then where did it directly come from?

    <p>A capillary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most concentrated source of energy for the body is:

    <p>Fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nutrient provides a quick source of energy?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nutrient provides 9 essential amino acids?

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When the stomach swells from a lack of proteins, this condition is called:

    <p>Kwashiorkor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What minerals must be obtained from food and liquids?

    <p>Minerals such as sodium, calcium, iron, iodine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What vitamin is stored in the large intestine?

    <p>K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The vitamin found in greens, carrots, and pumpkin that causes night blindness when lacking is:

    <p>A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What vitamin is important for pregnant people?

    <p>Folic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the liver store? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Vitamins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is scarring of the liver called?

    <p>Cirrhosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the liver produce?

    <p>Bile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the circulatory system?

    <p>Rapid internal transport to and from cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are erythrocytes produced?

    <p>Red bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hemoglobin is a _____ based protein.

    <p>Iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hemoglobin carries ____ and ____.

    <p>O2 and CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are white blood cells called?

    <p>Leukocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    White blood cells are _____ but less _____ than red blood cells.

    <p>Larger, numerous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Do leukocytes have a nucleus?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lymphocytes produce:

    <p>Antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Platelets are cell:

    <p>Fragments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The four blood types are:

    <p>A, B, AB, O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood types are identified by the type of:

    <p>Antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the allele for Rh antigens?

    <p>D/d</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What antigens are present in type A blood?

    <p>Antigen A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What antibodies are present in type O blood?

    <p>Anti-A and Anti-B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fetal condition involving Rh antibodies called?

    <p>Erythroblastosis fetalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be the phenotypes of mom, dad, and baby for erythroblastosis fetalis to occur?

    <p>Mom: Rh-, Dad: Rh+, Baby: Rh+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Arteries carry blood _____ from the heart.

    <p>Away</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Veins carry blood _____ the heart.

    <p>To</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which circuit interacts with the lungs?

    <p>Pulmonary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which circuit goes to the rest of your body?

    <p>Systemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pulmonary circuit is the _____ loop.

    <p>Short</p> Signup and view all the answers

    • side of the heart → lungs → - side of heart.

    <p>Right, left</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pulmonary circuit _____ oxygen to/from blood.

    <p>Adds to</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The systemic circuit starts at which side of the heart?

    <p>Left</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main artery of the body?

    <p>Aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the heart's connective tissue called?

    <p>Pericardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Upper chambers of the heart are called:

    <p>Atria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Vitamins and Nutrients

    • Vitamin A deficiency can cause difficulties seeing in low light conditions.
    • Insufficient Vitamin D may result from prolonged indoor confinement and can affect bone health.
    • Iodine is sourced from the thyroid and dietary sources like fish and iodized salt.
    • A lack of iron in the diet can lead to anemia, characterized by reduced red blood cell counts.

    Blood Circulation and Pressure

    • Blood pressure is higher in capillaries than in venules due to resistance in smaller blood vessels.
    • Stored glycogen in the liver is broken down when blood glucose levels are low.
    • Oxygen in interstitial fluid originates from capillaries in the systemic circuit.
    • Carbon dioxide produced by cellular respiration is exhaled from the lungs.

    Blood Types and Transfusions

    • Type O blood can receive donations from O+ and only O- for compatibility.
    • Presence of only anti-A antibodies indicates Type B blood.
    • Two Type A parents can produce a Type O child due to recessive alleles.
    • Erythroblastosis fetalis is not possible with both parents Rh-.

    Heart Functionality and Structure

    • High blood pressure readings (180/100) denote concern; ideal is 120/80.
    • Blood in the pulmonary circuit's arterioles is low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide.
    • Functions of the lymphatic system include fluid level management, reacting to bacteria, and absorbing dietary fats.

    Digestive and Absorptive Processes

    • The large intestine absorbs water and salts, concentrating and storing fecal matter.
    • Lack of protein in the diet leads to Kwashiorkor syndrome, affecting children's health in underdeveloped areas.

    Liver Functions and Health

    • Liver diseases such as cirrhosis stem from chronic alcohol use or hepatitis infections.
    • The liver produces bile and stores glycogen, iron, and vitamins.
    • Insufficient Vitamin K affects liver function, vital for blood clotting.

    Blood Composition and Function

    • Red blood cells (erythrocytes) are generated in red bone marrow and contain hemoglobin, which binds oxygen and carbon dioxide.
    • White blood cells (leukocytes) are larger than red blood cells and are crucial for the immune response.
    • Platelets are cell fragments necessary for blood clotting.

    Cardiovascular System Overview

    • Arteries transport blood away from the heart; veins carry blood toward it.
    • The pulmonary circuit connects to the lungs, while the systemic circuit serves the rest of the body.
    • The aorta is recognized as the body's main artery and initiates systemic blood flow.
    • The heart's upper chambers consist of the atria, responsible for receiving blood.

    Blood Type Genetics

    • Four main blood types are A, B, AB, and O, identified by their distinct antigens.
    • Type O blood carries anti-A and anti-B antibodies and can only accept type O blood.
    • An Rh- mother and Rh+ father can produce a child with Rh+ blood, leading to possible complications in pregnancy.

    Blood Vessel Structure

    • Valves in veins prevent backflow; malfunctioning valves can result in varicose veins.

    Specialized Medical Conditions

    • Heart attacks occur when arteries supplying the heart become blocked; prevention includes exercise, healthy diet, and avoiding smoking.
    • Erythroblastosis fetalis arises from specific Rh compatibility conditions during pregnancy.

    Summary of Knowledge Areas

    • Understanding vitamin roles, the circulatory and digestive systems, blood health essentials, and proper heart function is crucial for maintaining overall health.

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    Test your knowledge on essential vitamins and their sources with these flashcards. Each card poses a practical scenario related to vitamin deficiencies and nutrition. Perfect for biology students looking to enhance their understanding of dietary health.

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