2nd Year Vitamins Quiz

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What are vitamins classified into two categories based on their solubility?

Fat-soluble and water-soluble (correct)

Fat-soluble and water-insoluble

Fat-soluble and protein-soluble

Fat-soluble and carbohydrate-soluble

What is the primary function of water-soluble vitamins?

To provide energy to the body

To synthesize amino acids and proteins

To store energy in the liver and adipose tissue

To act as coenzymes for enzymes in intermediary metabolism (correct)

Which vitamin is essential for the biosynthesis of several compounds?

Thiamine

Riboflavin

Folic acid (correct)

Niacin

What happens when vitamins A and D are consumed in excess of the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)?

They can lead to accumulation of toxic quantities of these compounds Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a lower than normal concentration of hemoglobin in the blood?

Anemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of tetrahydrofolate?

To receive one-carbon fragments from donors Signup and view all the answers

Which population is particularly susceptible to folic acid deficiency?

Pregnant women and alcoholics Signup and view all the answers

What is the compound synthesized in the presence of folic acid?

Thymidine mono phosphate (TMP) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary source of pantothenic acid?

Yeast Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of retinoic acid in the body?

Mediating most of the actions of retinoids Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the family of molecules related to retinol (vitamin A)?

Retinoids Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the oxidation of retinol?

Retinal Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of retinal in the body?

Vision Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the oxidative cleavage of β-carotene in the intestine?

Two molecules of retinal Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the intestinal mucosa in the absorption of vitamin A?

Hydrolyzing retinyl esters Signup and view all the answers

What is the form in which vitamin A is transported from the intestine to the liver?

Retinyl esters Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of 11-cis retinal in the visual cycle?

It combines with opsin to form rhodopsin Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is an early sign of vitamin A deficiency?

Night blindness Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin A form is inactive in maintaining reproduction and the visual cycle?

Retinoic acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of vitamin A for adult females?

700 RAE Signup and view all the answers

Why are animals given vitamin A only as retinoic acid from birth blind and sterile?

Retinoic acid is inactive in maintaining reproduction and visual cycle Signup and view all the answers

What role do yellow and dark green vegetables play in vitamin A nutrition?

They are precursors of vitamin A Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of vitamin A in the maintenance of epithelial cells?

Promoting mucus secretion Signup and view all the answers

How is vitamin A used in clinical treatments?

Retinol and retinyl esters treat vitamin A deficiency Signup and view all the answers

What are FMN and FAD bound to in flavoenzymes?

tightly or covalently Signup and view all the answers

What are common symptoms of riboflavin deficiency?

cheilosis and glossitis Signup and view all the answers

What role does biotin play in carboxylation reactions?

Carrying activated carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What glycoprotein in raw egg whites prevents the absorption of biotin?

avidin Signup and view all the answers

Why does biotin deficiency not naturally occur?

It is synthesized by intestinal bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What component of coenzyme A (CoA) carries acyl compounds?

A thiol group Signup and view all the answers

What is required to induce a biotin deficiency syndrome with a normal diet?

20 eggs/day Signup and view all the answers

What deficiency frequently accompanies riboflavin deficiency?

Other vitamin deficiencies Signup and view all the answers

Why is it recommended that all newborns receive a single intramuscular dose of vitamin K?

As prophylaxis against hemorrhagic disease Signup and view all the answers

What can prolonged administration of large doses of synthetic vitamin K (menadione) cause in infants?

Hemolytic anemia and jaundice Signup and view all the answers

Which of the tocopherols is the most active form of vitamin E?

Alpha-tocopherol Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of vitamin E?

Acting as an antioxidant Signup and view all the answers

Which foods are rich in vitamin E?

Vegetable oils Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for alpha-tocopherol in adults?

15 mg Signup and view all the answers

Who is most likely to experience vitamin E deficiency?

Premature infants Signup and view all the answers

Why is vitamin E not recommended for the prevention of chronic diseases like coronary heart disease or cancer?

Clinical trials have been disappointing Signup and view all the answers