Y9 Nutrition: Deficiency Diseases and Malnutrition PDF

IGCSE Biology- CIE 0610 Learn this! Notes Y9 Nutrition: Deficiency diseases and Malnutrition What is a A balanced diet means having the right proportion of the different food balanced groups to provide enough energy to the person. diet?...

IGCSE Biology- CIE 0610 Learn this! Notes Y9 Nutrition: Deficiency diseases and Malnutrition What is a A balanced diet means having the right proportion of the different food balanced groups to provide enough energy to the person. diet? What is malnutrition? Malnutrition is caused by not eating a balanced diet - There are different types of malnutrition depending on the cause of the imbalance - They include: ○ Starvation ○ Coronary heart disease ○ Constipation ○ Obesity Starvation Cause: Taking in LESS energy than is used Effect: Tiredness and fatigue Lack of menstrual cycle (infertility). Females will not experience monthly periods. Poor immune system Slow growth Weight loss Coronary Cause: Diet too high in saturated fat and cholesterol heart Effect: disease Coronary arteries in the heart become blocked. Oxygen cannot get to cells of heart Heart muscle cannot respire and contract Heart attack and death Obesity Cause: Taking in MORE energy than is used. Effect: Coronary Heart disease (fat building up in arteries in the heart and reduces blood flow) High blood pressure Arthritis (joint pain) Type 2 diabetes (problems controlling blood glucose concentration). What is a A disease caused by the lack of a specific component in the diet deficiency disease? Lack of - Brittle, weak bones (break easily) CALCIUM in - muscle spasms and cramps the diet They need to eat more butter, cream, yogurt. Lack of A disease called RICKETS VITAMIN D in the diet - weak and soft bones (bendy) - Stunted growth - Bone pain. They need to get Vitamin D from sunlight or from fatty fish eg mackerel and tuna Lack of A disease called SCURVY VITAMIN C in the diet - Bleeding gums - teeth falling out or loose - easily bruises They need to get Vitamin C from citrus fruits or green leafy vegetables (spinach, green beans etc) Lack of IRON A disease called ANAEMIA in the diet - tiredness and fatigue - out of breath easily - dizziness - leg cramps They need to get iron from meat and spinach. Protein energy In many countries in the world, droughts, natural disasters, wars and a poor malnutrition economy can lead to mass malnutrition in large areas of the country The two types of malnutrition most common in these situations are termed ‘protein energy malnutrition’ (PEM)and they are: Kwashiorkor – caused by a lack of protein in the diet, most common in children under 2. Often caused by poverty as high protein foods tend to be more expensive and scarcer. Children suffering from kwashiorkor are always underweight for their age but they often have a swollen abdomen as their diet may contain a lot of carbohydrate. Other symptoms include: - fatigue/dizziness - dehydration - diarrhea and vomiting - loss of muscle mass. - failure to grow or gain weight. - swelling of the ankles, feet, and belly. Marasmus – the most severe form of PEM, where there is a lack of both protein and energy in the diet. People suffering from this have a much lower body weight than normal and look emaciated. They do not have a swollen belly. Other symptoms include: - lack of growth - Persistent dizziness. - Diarrhoea and vomiting - Dehydration. - weak hair and nails. - frequent infections/more prone to infections