Deficiency Diseases Notes PDF

Starter- Food test- questions 1. You want to test whether liver contains proteins, which solution will you use? 2. What colour is the solution to start with? 3. What colour will biuret solution be after you have tested it with liver? 4. You want to test whether butter contains reducing sugar...

Starter- Food test- questions 1. You want to test whether liver contains proteins, which solution will you use? 2. What colour is the solution to start with? 3. What colour will biuret solution be after you have tested it with liver? 4. You want to test whether butter contains reducing sugars, which solution will you use? 5. What colour will the solution be after you have tested the butter with Benedict’s solution? 6. You want to test whether bread contains starch, which solution will you use? 7. What colour is the solution to start with? 8. What colour will iodine solution turn when testing it with bread? 9. Which solution needs to be heated for it to work? L4- Deficiency diseases C system Learning Objectives Diseases caused by unbalanced diets. The effects of malnutrition in relation to starvation, coronary heart disease, constipation and obesity. The 7 food groups Our bodies require 7 different food groups to stay healthy. We must make sure our diet contains the correct amount of each of the following: - Carbohydrates - Proteins - Fats - Vitamins - Minerals - Fibre - Water Food test recap Food group Solution Negative (-) result Positive (+) result Proteins Biurets Blue Lilac/ Purple Reducing Sugar Benedicts Blue Brick Red/ Orange (Carbohydrates) Starch Iodine Orange/Brown Blue/Black (Carbohydrates) Lipids/ Fats Ethanol Clear/ transparent Milky White emulsion What does it mean to have a ‘balanced diet’? Balanced Diet Balanced diet: having the correct proportions of the different food groups (eg fats, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins) to give you enough energy to carry out tasks. It is NOT having the SAME amount. Unbalanced diet If you do not have the correct proportion of food groups in your diet, you can become MALNOURISHED. This could mean being overweight or underweight. You could also suffer from a deficiency disease. These are often caused by lack of certain vitamins and minerals in the diet. Unbalanced diet Today you will learn about the effects of an unbalanced diet: - Being overweight - Being underweight (starvation) - Vitamin C deficiency - Vitamin D deficiency - Iron deficiency - Calcium deficiency - Protein deficiency Task 1- Carousel Groups 1 2 3 You have 3 minutes at each station Vitamin C You can get Vitamin C by eating fruit and vegetables such as citrus fruits (such as oranges and grapefruit) and their juices. Vitamin C is needed to make COLLAGEN in the body. This is found in teeth and gums. People who get little or no vitamin C can get scurvy. Scurvy causes inflammation of the gums, bleeding and swollen gums, loss of teeth, poor wound healing and fatigue (tiredness) Vitamin C content of food may be reduced after storage for a long time and by cooking so you should try to eat FRESH fruit and veg.  Vitamin D Vitamin D can be found in small amounts in a few foods, including fatty fish such as herring, mackerel, sardines and tuna. But most vitamin D – 80% to 90% of what the body gets – is obtained through exposure to sunlight. Rickets is a disease that is caused by not having enough vitamin D. The symptoms of rickets are softening or weakening of the bones (often described as BENDY). Often sufferers have very bendy bones, especially in their legs.  Iron Iron deficiency causes the disease ANAEMIA. Iron is needed to make haemoglobin, which transports oxygen in the red blood cells. Iron deficiency can cause symptoms such as weakness, tiredness, breathlessness and dizziness. The best dietary sources of iron are dark green vegetables (eg spinach), legumes and red meats. Calcium Calcium is a mineral in bones and teeth and regulates (controls) muscle contraction. Symptoms of long-term calcium deficiency include BRITTLE BONES (bones that break easily), tingling of the fingers, muscle cramps, lethargy (tiredness), poor appetite, and abnormal heartbeat. Dairy products are good sources of calcium such as milk, yogurt and ice cream  Protein Protein is needed for growth and repair. It is found in meats and pulses (eg kidney beans, lentils). Lack of protein-energy in the diet can cause: KWASHIORKOR: Symptoms include a swollen belly, swelling of the ankles, diarrhoea, fatigue, tiredness, increased infections, low body weight (weight loss). MARASMUS is a similar diseases with similar symptoms (although no swollen belly). It is caused by a general energy deficiency in the diet (not just protein).  Overeating Overeating can lead to obesity. Health problems associated with obesity include: Coronary heart Fatty deposits build up in your arteries and reduce disease blood flow to your heart. This can cause the heart to stop beating properly. High blood This can cause headaches, chest pain or blood in the pressure urine. Arthritis The extra weight on the joints of the body can (joint pain) damage them. Type II diabetes Type II diabetics cannot control their blood glucose levels.  Under-eating Under-eating can lead to anorexia. Health problems associated with anorexia include: - Tiredness - Fatigue - Lack of menstrual cycle (infertility). Females would not experience their monthly periods. - Poor immune system - Slow growth Questions 1. What is the difference between malnutrition and starvation? 2. What happens if we eat too much food? Is this a form of malnutrition? 3. Explain the term malnutrition. 4. Name two common diseases as a result of the undernutrition of energy. 5. Which condition is the most common form of under nutrition found in developed countries? 6. Why does it take time for a fat soluble vitamin or mineral deficiency to develop? 7. Which types of countries are usually associated with problems of over nutrition? Exam MCQs Answer exam questions on slide deck in classroom.