Musculoskeletal System Week 3 PDF

ANATOMY HUMAN BODY THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM PE 01: MOVEMENT ENHANCEMENT Topic Outline Definition of the Musculoskeletal System Types of Bones Regions of skeletal system Types of muscles 12 Major Muscular system TODAY'S DISCUSSION  ANATOMY HUMAN BODY THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM PE 01...

ANATOMY HUMAN BODY THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM PE 01: MOVEMENT ENHANCEMENT Topic Outline Definition of the Musculoskeletal System Types of Bones Regions of skeletal system Types of muscles 12 Major Muscular system TODAY'S DISCUSSION  ANATOMY HUMAN BODY THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM PE 01: MOVEMENT ENHANCEMENT MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM The musculoskeletal system (locomotor system) is a human body system that provides our body with movement, stability, shape, and support.  SKELETAL SYSTEM Provides form and structure for the muscle to work against. Support the body and protects the body organs. Storing minerals that the body utilizes. 270 babies bones 206 Adult bones  TYPES OF BONES Long, Short, Flat, Irregular and Sesamoid Bones.  1 LONG BONES Humerus, Femur, Ulna, Radius, Fibula, Tibia, Metacarpals, Phalanges  2 SHORT BONES Carpals, Tarsals  3 FLAT BONES Skull bones, Ribs, Sternum, Scapulae  4 IRREGULAR BONES Vertebrae, Hip  5 SESAMOID BONES Patella  REGIONS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton  REGIONS OF THE BODY Axial Skeleton  SKULL Protection of the Brain Neurocranium Viscerocranium  VERTEBRAL COLUMN vertebral column, also called spinal column, spine, or backbone, in vertebrate animals, the flexible column extending from neck to tail, made of a series of bones, the vertebrae. The major function of the vertebral column is protection of the spinal cord.. 7 CERVICAL 12 THORACIC 5 LUMBAR 5 SACRUM 4 COCCYX  THORASIC CAGE The ribs are arc-shaped, flat bones that protect thoracic organs such as the heart and lungs, and provide attachment points to muscles of the back, chest and proximal upper limb. They are 12 pairs of ribs, attached posteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae.  TRUE RIBS The first seven pairs of ribs articulate directly with the sternum through their costal cartilages and are known as the true ribs.  FALSE RIBS The 8th-10th ribs unite anteriorly via their costal cartilages and articulate indirectly with the sternum via the 7th rib; they are known as false ribs.  FLOATING RIBS The 11th and 12th ribs are known as floating ribs as they do not attach to the sternum in any manner and are particularly short.  STERNUM Protection of the lungs, heart and thoracic blood vessels from mechanical damage Manubrium - most superior region that articulates with clavicles and the first pair of ribs Body - articulates with 3rd - 7th ribs Xiphoid process - most inferior part  REGIONS OF THE BODY Appendicular Skeleton  UPPER LIMB The skeletal framework of the shoulder, arm and forearm (upper left image) is composed of only five bones: the clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius and ulna. The bones of the hand are 27 in number and are known as the carpal bones, metacarpal bones and phalanges [of the hand].  CLAVICLE clavicle, also called collarbone, curved anterior bone of the shoulder girdle; it functions as a strut to support the shoulder.  SCAPULA The scapula, also known as the shoulder blade, is a flat triangular bone located at the back of the trunk. The scapula is an important bone as each scapula provides a point of attachment for a number of muscles that make up the arm and shoulder  HUMERUS The humerus is the longest and largest bone of the upper limb.  RADIUS & ULNA The radius and ulna are long bones that make up the forearm, extending from the elbow to the wrist. CARPALS METACARPALS PHALANGES  LOWER LIMB The lower extremity can be divided into several parts or regions, as follows: Hip, Thigh, Knee, Leg, Ankle, Foot  PELVIC GIRDLE The bony pelvis is a complex basin- shaped structure that comprises the skeletal framework of the pelvic region and houses the pelvic organs. It consists of the hip bone and the sacrum, which are connected via the sacroiliac joint.  FEMUR The femur bone is the strongest and longest bone in the body, occupying the space of the lower limb, between the hip and knee joints.  TIBIA & FIBULA The tibia (shin bone) is a long bone of the leg, found medial to the fibula. It is also the weight bearing bone of the leg, which is why it is the second largest bone in the body after the femur. CALCANEUS METATARSAL TARSAL PHALANGES  REGIONS OF THE skeletal system Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton MUSCULAR SYSTEM Muscular system encompasses all the muscles of the body. It makes up about 40% of total body weight. Serves many functions such as mobility, thermogenesis and digestion. TYPES OF MUSCLE CARDIAC MUSCLE An involuntary muscle, composes the muscular layer of the heart to contracts and circulate the blood. TYPES OF MUSCLE SMOOTH MUSCLE Involuntary muscle, composes the muscular layer of blood vessels and hollow organs. TYPES OF MUSCLE SKELETAL MUSCLE together with bones comprise the musculoskeletal system that provides voluntary movement.  12 MAJOR MUSCULAR SYSTEM RECTUS ABDOMINIS ORIGIN: Pubic symphysis, pubic crest INSERTION: Xiphoid process, costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 FUNCTION: Trunk flexion, compresses abdominal viscera, expiration. PECTORALIS MAJOR ORIGIN: Cartilages of 2nd to 6th ribs, sternum & medial half of clavicle INSERTION: Grater tubercle to Humerus FUNCTION: Adducts, flexes & rotate upper arm medially. PECTORALIS MINOR ORIGIN: Cartilages of 3rd to 5th ribs INSERTION: Coracoid process or scapula FUNCTION: Pull scapula forward & downward. SERRATUS ANTERIOR ORIGIN: Lateral surfaces of upper 8th or 9th ribs INSERTION: Vertabral border of the scapula FUNCTION: Draws scapula forward.  DELTOID ORIGIN: Lateral 3rd of the clavicle, spine & acromion process of scapula INSERTION: Deltoid tubercle of Humerus FUNCTION: Abduct arm  BICEP BRACHII ORIGIN: Short head : coracoid process Long head: scapula above the Glenoid fossa INSERTION: Tubercle on proximal end of radius FUNCTION: Flexes & supinate forearm.  TRICEP BRACHII ORIGIN: Long head: infra- glenoid tubercle tubercle of scapula Lateral & Medial heads: posterior surface of humerus INSERTION: Olecron process of ulna FUNCTION: Extends forearm  TRAPEZIUS ORIGIN: Occipital bone, 7th cervical & all thoracic vertebrae INSERTION: Lateral 3rd of clavicle, spine & acromion process of the scapula FUNCTION: Raises shoulder, extends head, bend head towards shoulder turns head towards opposite side  LATISSIMUS DORSI ORIGIN: Spines of last 6 thoracic vertebrae, upper lumbar vertebrae & crest of ilium INSERTION: Anterior surface of the upper part of the humerus FUNCTION: Adducts, extend & rotate arm medially , depresses shoulder QUADRICEPS FEMORIS ORIGIN: Arises by 4 heads from ilium & femur INSERTION: Tibial tuberosity FUNCTION: Extends lower leg.  BICEPS FEMORIS ORIGIN: Upper femur INSERTION: Head of fibula & lateral edge of tibia FUNCTION: Flexes lower leg  GLUTEUS MAXIMUS ORIGIN: Crest of ilium, sacrum & coccyx vertebrae INSERTION: Upper part of femur FUNCTION: Extends femur THANK YOU! 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