Introduction to Musculoskeletal System PDF

INTRODUCTION TO MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM Insert Image Here 1. Basic Terminology 2. Introduction to Integumentary System 3. Introduction to Muscular system 4. Introduction to Skeletal system Dr Gargi Soni MD Anatomy [email protected]  2.2.1 Learnin...

INTRODUCTION TO MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM Insert Image Here 1. Basic Terminology 2. Introduction to Integumentary System 3. Introduction to Muscular system 4. Introduction to Skeletal system Dr Gargi Soni MD Anatomy [email protected]  2.2.1 Learning Objectives 1. Be able to name and differentiate the 4 types of tissues. 2. Be able to explain the functions of each of these 4 types of tissue. 3. Be able to list the components of the epidermis and dermis and their functions 2  Four Basic Tissues Nerve Tissue: Muscle:contractile Transmits tissue electrical signals Epithelia: lines or covers surfaces, ducts and glands Connective Tissue: surrounds and supports other tissues  Integumentary System Skin ▪ Epidermis ▪ Dermis Accessory structures (appendages) ▪ Glands ▪ Hair ▪ Nails  Functions of Skin Protect against infection Protect against dehydration ▪ Membrane-coating granules (MCG’s) seal spaces between keratinocytes to prevent entry of pathogens and loss of water Regulate body temperature ▪ Vasoconstriction (blood vessels become narrower) – conserve heat ▪ Vasodilation (blood vessels open wider) – promotes radiation/dissipation of heat to surrounding air ▪ Sweat Sensory reception ▪ Pain ▪ Temperature changes ▪ Touch (and pressure)  Musculoskeletal System Main Components: Skin (Epidermis+ Dermis+ Hypodermis aka superficial fascia) Deep Fascia and derivatives (intermuscular septa, retinaculum, aponeurosis) Neurovascular Bundle: – Arteries, Veins, Lymphatics, Nerves Muscles (Muscle Tissue) Bones (Covered with Periosteum) Joints Layers of the Skin Epidermis: Epithelial Tissue Houses pigment producing melanocytes Dermis: Connective Tissue Houses sensory nerve endings, hair follicles and glands. Hypodermis: Adipose Connective Tissue  Epidermis Outermost layer of the skin Comprised of epithelial cells Contains no blood vessels (avascular) ▪ Nutrients diffuse over from dermal blood vessels Is thicker in areas of significant wear and tear (palms of hands and soles of feet) Keratin ▪ Protein that replaces epidermal cell cytoplasm in order to thicken and protect the skin ▪ Also comprises hair and nails  Epidermis: Epithelial Tissue Epithelial cells differentiate and migrate to form a layer of keratinized dead cells: Anuclear flat cells, cytoplasm primarily filled with densely packed keratin filaments. Provides protection from mechanical stress at surface.  Epidermal Cells Keratinocytes ▪ Major epidermal cell type ▪ ~28 day transit time from stratum basale to stratum corneum Melanocytes ▪ Scattered between cells of stratum basale ▪ Contain organelles called melanosomes, in which the melanin pigment is synthesized ▪ Melanosomes are quickly released and phagocytized by neighboring keratinocytes (epidermal melanocytes do not retain their melanosomes) Langerhans cell – involved in immune response Merkel cell – touch receptor