Heart Practice Questions PDF

 E Heart Practice Questions 1. How many layers does the pericardium have? what are the names of the layers? Inner layer is called visceral pericardium or epicardium. Outer layer is called parietal pericardium 2. What is the inflammation of the pericardium called? Per...

 E Heart Practice Questions 1. How many layers does the pericardium have? what are the names of the layers? Inner layer is called visceral pericardium or epicardium. Outer layer is called parietal pericardium 2. What is the inflammation of the pericardium called? Pericarditis 3. What is cardiac tamponade? Compression of the heart caused by built up fluid between the visceral pericardium and parietal pericardium 4. What is systole and diastole? Contraction of the heart is systole and reaction of the heart is diastole. 5. What keeps the blood flowing through the heart and prevents back flow? valves 6. What are two atrioventricular valves (AV)? Tricuspid and Bicuspid 7. What are Tricuspid and Bicuspid valves? Tricuspid valves are at the opening of the right atrium and ventricle. Bicuspid valves are at the opening of the left atrium into the ventricle. 8. What are the two semilunar valves (SL)? Pulmonary and aortic Semilunar 9. What are Pulmonary and Semilunar valves? Pulmonary are located at the beginning of the pulmonary artery. Aortic semilunar are located at the beginning of the aorta What would a valve leak lead to? It would allow back flow of blood into the chamber it came from  Heart Practice Questions 1. What are stenosed valves? They are narrower valves that reduce blood flow. It is a valve disorder 2. What is rheumatic heart disease? It is a valve disorder that occurs when there is cardiac damage resulting from a delayed inflammatory response to streptococcal infection 3. is a mitral valve prolapse response? Incompetence of mitral valve caused by its edges extending back into the left atrium when the left ventricle contracts 4. What are the two heart sounds in every heartbeat that occurs in contraction and relaxation of the heart and what are they caused by? Lub and dup. Lub is caused by the vibration and closure of AV valves during contraction of the ventricles. Dup is caused by the closure by the SL (semilunar valves) during relaxation of the ventricles 5. What are heart murmurs? abnormal heart sounds often caused by abnormal valves 6. Do the right atrium and right ventricle perform different functions from the left atrium and left ventricle? Yes, the heart acts as two separate pumps  Heart Practice Questions 1. What is the direction of blood flow in the heart? Venous blood enters the right atrium through the superior and inferior venae cavae—passes from the right atrium through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle From the right ventricle through the pulmonary semilunar valve to the pulmonary artery to the lungs—blood from the lungs to the left atrium, passes through the bicuspid (mitral) valve to left ventricle. Blood in the left ventricle is pumped through the aortic semilunar valve into the aorta and is distributed to the body as a whole 2. What occurs in coronary circulation? Blood which supplies oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium of the heart, then flows through the right and left coronary arteries 3. What can the blockage of blood flow through coronary arteries cause? Myocardial infarction (heart attack) 4. What does coronary thrombosis and coronary embolism cause? A blood clot blockage in some part of a coronary artery  Heart practice questions 1. What happens in coronary heart disease? Blood is unable to flow through the heart, in which those cells start to die then myocardial infarction 2. What is atherosclerosis? A coronary heart disease. It is a type of hardening of the arteries, in which lipids build up on the inside wall of blood vessels, it can partially or totally block coronary blood flow 3.. What is angina pectoris? A coronary heart disease that causes chest pain because of the lack of oxygen to the heart 4. What is coronary bypass surgery used for how is it done? It is used to treat patients with severely restricted coronary artery blood flow. Other veins or vessels are taken from the body and used to bypass blockages in the coronary artery 5. What is each complete heartbeat called and what’s the average heartbeat ? Cardiac cycle and 72bpm 6. How long is each cardiac cycle? 0.8 seconds, it is divided into systole and diastole 7. What is the pacemaker of the heart, where is it located? SA node, it’s located in the wall of the right atrium near the opening of the superior vena cava 8. Where is the AV node located? Located in the right atrium along the lower part of the inreratrial septum  Heart Questions 1. Where is the Atrial bundle located (bundle of His)? The septum of the ventricle 2. Where are the purkinje fibers. (Subendocardial) located? Located in the walls of ventricles 3. What are the visible tracings of electrical signals called? Electrocardiography 4. What is the p wave on a ECG? P wave is associated with depolarization of the atria 5. What is the QRS complex? Associated with depolarization of the ventrices 6. What is the T wave? Associated with repolarization of the ventricles 7. What is Cardiac dysrhythmia? Abnormality of heart rhythm 8. What is a Heart block? An abnormality of the heart rhythm where conduction of impulses is blocked  Heart Questions 1. How can a heart block be treated? By implanting an artificial pacemaker 2. What is Bradycardia? Slow heart rate less than 60bpm 3. What is Tachycardia? Rapid heart beat more than 100 bpm 4. What is sinus dysrhythmia? Variation in heart rate during breathing cycle. 5. What is premature contraction (extra systole)? Contraction that occurs sooner than expected in a normal heart rhythm. 6. What is fibrillation? Condition in which cardiac muscle fibers are out of step producing no effective pumping action. 7. What is Atrial fibrillation? AF or A-Fib occurs in mitral stenosis, rheumatic heart disease and infarction of atrial myocardium 8. What is ventricular fibrillation? VF or V-fib is life threatening and occurs when a lack of ventricular pumping stops blood flow to vital tissues 9. What is Defibrillation? It is a treatment. It is done by applying an electric shock to force cardiac fibers back into rhythm 10. What is atrial ablation used to treat? atrial fibrillation by destroying heart muscle in a specific location and eliminating the pathway of abnormal electrical signals  En Heart Practice Questions 1. What is stroke volume? The volume of blood ejected from one ventricle with each beat 2. What is cardiac output (CO)? The amount of blood that one ventricle can pump each minute average is about 5 L per minute at rest 3. How is cardiac output (CO) determined? By the heart rate and stroke volume (SV) 4. What does HR (beat/min) x SV (volume/beat) equal to? CO(volume/min) 5. What system can alter the heart’s rhythm to increase or decrease? Autonomic nervous system 6. What happens when blood CO2 levels rise due to exercise? HR rises to restore homeostasis of blood 7. What can a sudden drop in blood pressure cause in Heart rate? It can increase the HR to restore normal blood flow 8. How is the volume of blood that’s ejected by the ventricles determined? by the volume of blood returned to the heart by the veins or venous return 9. The higher the venous return the higher what? SV (Stroke volume) 10. What helps determine SV? Strength of myocardial contraction  Heart Questions 1. What can decrease stroke volume and decrease cardiac output? Valve disorders, coronary artery blockage, or myocardial infarction 2. What is heart failure? The inability to pump enough returned blood to sustain life; it can be caused by many different heart diseases 3. What is right heart failure? Failure of the right side of the heart to pump blood, because the left side of the heart is not pumping effectively 4. What is left heart failure? (Congestive heart failure). The inability of the left ventricle to pump effectively, resulting in congestion of the systemic and pulmonary circulations 5. How can deserved hearts be replaced? By transplants(donated living hearts) or artificial hearts(implants)