Unknown-7.pdf

515 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f4mn2j 1. When resolving ethical dilemmas, which is usually the best option? > A: The option that fulfills most (or all) of the values involved in the dilemma 2. The American Optometric Association Code of Ethics states: TO PROMOTE and maintain cordial and un...

515 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f4mn2j 1. When resolving ethical dilemmas, which is usually the best option? > A: The option that fulfills most (or all) of the values involved in the dilemma 2. The American Optometric Association Code of Ethics states: TO PROMOTE and maintain cordial and unselfish relationships with members of their own profession and of other professions for the exchange of information to the advantage of humankind. What is the main consequence of this statement? > A: Optometrists must refer their patients to other professionals when needed to provide optimum care 3. According to the ethologist Fans de Waal in the video > A: Monkey's beshown in class, the origin of fairness and compassion havior is found on: > A: Monkey's behavior X B: Christian religion X C: Mesopotamian judicial system X D: Anti-slavery movement 4. John is a student at Opalloopa College. His best friend is Alice, who happens to be her classmate. The professor assigned the group to write an essay to be finished in two weeks. Alice has been very busy taking care of her sick mother and working as a part-timer at Wal-Mart. The day before the essay is due she asks John to lend her his work, so she can have an idea how to write hers. John lends Alice the essay. The day after, both John and Alice turn the essay to the professor. A few days after, the professor calls hem. Due to the similarities on the content of the essay, he is convinced that they copied from each other. Which of the following are values associated with this ethical dilemma? Mark ALL that apply > A: Honesty > B: Loyalty > C: Compassion > D: Self-preservation (all) 5. You have a patient that has open angle glaucoma that requires treatment with drops. In spite of your > B: Tell her, that although you dis- 1 / 17 515 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f4mn2j recommendation, the patient indicates that she wants to postpone treatment until the next visit to your office, which is due in 3 months. Based on bioethical principles, what should you do? agree with her decision, you will respect and will abide it 6. You have a child with severe convergence insufficiency ( an eye teaming problem) that is affecting her academic performance. She also needs eyeglasses for a mild myopia. Since you do not practice vision therapy, which is the best couse of action based on the AOA Code of Ethics? X A: You may prescribe the eyeglasses and tell parents to come back in 6 months for a re-evaluation of her child's convergence insuffiiciency X B: You may prescribe the eyeglasses, and ask the parents to look for another optometrist that can provide vision therapy X C: You should not prescribe eyeglasses and ask the parents to look fo> D: You may prescribe the eyeglasses and refer her to a colleague that has expertise in vision therapy for treatmentr help outside your office > D: You may prescribe the eyeglasses and refer her to a colleague that has expertise in vision therapy for treatment > D: You may prescribe the eyeglasses and refer her to a colleague that has expertise in vision therapy for treatment 7. A patient comes to your office complaining of visual loss in the right eye during the past few months. Your exam reveals that the cause of the visual loss is age-related macular degeneration. Which of the following statements is more appropriate as a first step in the delivery of the bad news to the patient? > C: You indicated that you believe that your vision in your right eye has been decreasing in the past few months 8. Since most optometrists do not practice surgical pro- > False cedures, they rarely have to resolve any professional ethical dilemmas. 9. D: I will stay with you and, over 2 / 17 515 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f4mn2j When delivering bad news, which of the following time, help you statements from you will help the patient best in the learn everything mourning process from a visual loss? you can to facilitate your adaptation to this los 10. A patient visits your office complaining of a recent decrease in vision of her right eye. Your exam shows that her visual acuity dropped from 20/25 to 20/50 in that eye. You also determine that she has wet macular degeneration. Which of the following best describes the first statement to deliver the bad news to the patient? > B: You indicated that you believe that your vision in your right eye has been decreasing in the past few months 11. A 29-year-old patient comes for her first eye exam. She complaints of severe visual loss on both eyes especially at night. When you examine the ocular fundus, you find clear signs of retinitis pigmentosa. What would be the most appropriate first statement to deliver the bad news to this patient? > C: You indicated that you believe that you have severe visual loss on both eyes, especially at night 12. A 78 year-old patient has visual loss related to > A: Cataracts cataract that impairs her ability to drive. What is the most appropriate term to name the condition to the patient? 13. You explained to the patient that he has open angle > D: Most likely glaucoma. The patient says: " I believe that you made an expression of a mistake, there is no way I have that disease - nobody anxiety rather than in my family has this condition..and after all, you are hostility not a physician" What is your best interpretation of this response from the patient? 14. When a patient has significant visual loss, there is a mourning period before the loss is accepted. Which of the following statements is more likely to help the patient during this period? 3 / 17 > C: I will stay with you and, over time, help you learn everything you can to facilitate your adaptation to this loss 515 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f4mn2j 15. A patient is very anxious and has indicated, in front of her son, that she prefers that information about her eye conditions be reviewed with her son, not directly with her. You found that the patient has age-related macular degeneration. What should be the appropriate way to handle this situation? > C: You inform her son full information about the condition and treatment and allow him to deliver the bad news as he sees appropriate 16. Maria Gomez is a single mother of three small chil- > D: Low impordren. She works part-time at a WalMart store where tance, low confishe barely makes enough to pay for all her expenses. dence She has gained over 60 pounds in the past three years and developed Type II diabetes and hypertension. Her physician asked her to lose weight and use all her meds appropriately. Maria takes her meds every other day and only eats fast food. She does not understand well why she has to lose weight since all her immediate family is obese. She also has doubts about losing weight since she only has time to eat from fast food restaurants. What is your assessment of her understanding of the importance and ability to change her behavior 17. In the relationship between you, as an optometrist, and a patient using medications - what is the best definition of a "good patient"? > A: A patient that provides you accurate information about the use of medications so that you can arrive at better decisions 18. Which phrase best summarizes the evocative approach in motivational interviewing > A: You have everything you need to succeed 19. The intraocular pressures in a glaucoma patient are > C: Shifting focus very high. When you mention it, the patient says: Patient: I know you will be angry. It's my fault since 4 / 17 515 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f4mn2j I could not buy the medication until last week. Your response: People can sometimes fail. Although I am worried, it's more important to know the truth and determine the next steps. The name of this motivational interviewing technique is: 20. What should yo do in order to accomplish changes in > A: Ask patient: behavior for better health in your patients? Choose what did you do ALL that apply. that worked in the past? > C: Inquire with patients about examples of past successes 21. A patient indicates that on a scale from 0 to 10, she > C: Why are you a is at level 6 in her confidence to achieve weight loss. 6 and not a 3 or 4? What would be the next appropriate question? 22. A patient says: I just can't remember to use my glau- >A: Reflection coma drops on time You respond: It seems like you have difficulty remembering when to use your glaucoma drops What is the name of this technique? 23. Motivational interviewing is useful since many pa> C: Ambivalence tients have contradictory feelings or attitudes. This is called: 24. In order for patients to modify their behavior to > A: They must achieve better health, the following factors must be have a conviction in place: (Choose ALL that apply) that they can accomplish a modification of their behavior > B: They must believe that a modification of behavior is important for their health 5 / 17 515 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f4mn2j 25. Which of the following statements is FALSE regard- > C: The practiing motivational interviewing? tioner has the responsibility to tell patients what they must do to get better 26. In motivational interviewing, you do not confront the > C: Aikido patient in order to provoke change. You promote a change of behavior by using the patient's own skills and experiences. This paradigm where you allow the flow of the patient's energies toward change is similar to techniques used in 27. María suffers from Type II diabetes. She is extremely > D: Importance overweight, does not exercise and skips using her low, Confidence medications. She does not understand why she has low to take her meds or why it is important to lower her weight and do some exercising. In fact, she is not even sure that she can actually lower her weight, take her meds and exercise herself. She is simply too busy working and raising her children. Based on this scenario, what is her level of importance and confidence 28. Christy is a 70-year-old woman that has a very ac> B: Importance tive life. She is still working as a librarian at a town high, Confidence far from home. In the last couple of years, she has low been having trouble driving and using the computer in spite of changes in her glasses. Her optometrist indicated that she needs cataract surgery. Although she understands well the need for surgery, she is afraid of losing her sight or having an infection after surgery. She has been postponing the decision for months. What is Christy's level of Importance and Confidence? 29. Consider the following dialogue: Patient: I cant make > C: Double-sided my mind about using contact lenses or not Doctor: reflection You would like to use contact lenses and at the same 6 / 17 515 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f4mn2j time you still have some doubts about the decision The above is an example of 30. Consider this conversation: Patient: You claim that > B: Reframing glaucoma affects vision, but I have not noticed any vision problems Doctor: What you perceive seems to be true. This is because glaucoma decreases the field of vision on your sides gradually. It is hard to notice any changes but they surely occur. When you notice them you have already lost a significant portion of the peripheral vision. The above conversation is an example of: 31. A diabetic patient has a high glucose level and as > B: Confidence a result, you postpone the refraction. You want to rule promote better control of the blood sugar levels and elicit confidence talk from the patient and ask: On a scale if 1 which is no confident to 10 which is perfectly confident, how confident are you that you could lower your blood sugar level?. What is the name of the above technique? 32. You want to elicit confident talk from the patient to promote a change in behavior. Which of the following statements from you is more likely to elicit this kind of talk? > B: What steps did you take in the past that allowed you to accomplish your goals? 33. ]Which of the following statements will allow the pa- > B: I realize how tient to express their concerns and emotions regard- frightening it is to ing vision loss when you diagnose glaucoma: hear that you have glaucoma 34. As you talk to your patient, which of the following > C: I will stay statements from you best helps the patient during the with you and, over mourning process of visual loss: time, help you learn everything you can to facilitate your adapta7 / 17 515 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f4mn2j tion to your visual loss 35. What is the main difference between a narrative and a story? X A: The story presents information and facts X B: The story presents statistics and support material > C: The story presents emotions, conflicts, and values X D: The story is more accurate > C: The story presents emotions, conflicts, and values 36. When we think about the iPhone many people immediately think of Steve Jobs and his life. According to business guru Tom Peters video shown in class, what is the reason for this association? > C: The story behind a brand is more important than the brand 37. Which of the following best represents a "story"? > B: When I was a kid, I had a tetanus shot. I felt dizzy, confused and fainted. I was desperate and very scared - I couldn't move. 38. Which of the following characteristics is NOT impor- > C: Present ideas tant to make a message stick (memorable) and abstractions, rather than real events 39. You want to impress on your audience the high preva- > B: There are lence of diabetes in the United States. Which one of more diabetics in the following will make the message stick most? the US than the whole population of Texas 40. Written history origin dates back to 8 / 17 > A: 3,600 BC in Mesopotamia 515 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f4mn2j 41. The enclosed graph can best be described as: > A: Multivariable 42. You want to explain an ocular disease to a patient > B: Cataracts using a picture. Which disease is best represented by the enclosed picture? 43. What is the best type of drawing to depict "how"? > D: Flowchar 44. According to Sunni Brown TedTalk presented in > B: 29% class, doodlers have ______ more retention of verbal information than non-doodlers: 45. The picture below is a good representation of the consequences of this ocular disease: > C: Age-related macular degeneration 46. Which disease is represented by this picture? > C: Glaucoma 47. Which of the following is the most effective tool to educate the patient about her cataracts? > C: A three dimensonal model of the eye, where the lens with cataracts can be shown 48. Which of the following is false regarding children's visual development > C: Astigmatism tends to increase with age 49. The above photo depicts a condition associated with > C: Retrolental fihigh oxygen tension treatment in premature babies broplasia and may cause leukocoria: 50. The visual cliff experiment shows that infants have good depth perception by this age: > B: 6 months of age 51. According to the Guidelines of the American Optometric Association, the first eye exam of a child should occur at: > B: 6 months of age 9 / 17 515 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f4mn2j 52. You perform Mohindra's refraction on an 8 month-old > A: OD: +2.00 D , baby. You neutralize the reflex on the right eye with a OS: +1.00 D +3.25 lens and with a +2.25 lens on the left eye. What is the refractive error? 53. Which of the following 4-year-old children is more likely to develop lazy eye (amblyopia)? > D: OD: +4.00 D, OS: +1.00 D 54. Jennifer has a cat named Annie and a dog named > B: CongeniBobby at home. She brought her baby, Lucille, for tal toxoplasmosis, her first eye exam to you. As you examine the ocular Annie fundus of the baby you observe the enclosed picture. What is the condition and who is the culprit? 55. You should perform an internal examination of the > A: Retinoblasbabies eyes to rule out ocular diseases. Which of toma the following diseases or conditions have the gravest (lethal) consequences? 56. When is 20/20 vision first expected in children? > B: 3 to 5 years 57. The above photo depicts the following ocular disease: > C: Retinoblastoma 58. A patient takes 60 seconds to recover in the photo- > D: Age-related stress test with the brightness acuity tester. Which macular degenerof the following is the more likely ocular abnormality ation that may explain this result? 59. During Bruckner's test, the reflex from one eye looks > A: Difference in darker than the other eye. Which of the following are refractive error possible reasons? Choose ALL that apply > B: Strabismus > C: Cataracts 60. The image below depicts this condition > B: Toxocara canis 61. _______ are the demographic group born during the > D: Baby postWorld War II, approximately between the years boomers 1946 and 1964. 10 / 17 515 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f4mn2j 62. Which of the following groups is youngest ( lowest median age) in the United States? > D: Hispanics 63. Which is true regarding millennials? > D: Generally more comfortable with people of other nationalities or cultures than baby boomers 64. Millennials and Generation Xers are now the majority > True of eligible voters. However, their percent participation is generally less than 50%. 65. Which of the following is affected by nuclear sclerosis > A: Reduced retiin the elderly patient? Mark ALL that apply. nal illumination > B: Reduced contrast sensitivity > C: Reduced color discrimination 66. About what percent of the United States of America > C: 15% population has 65 years or more? 67. Which of the following are physiological changes that > C: Contrast senoccur as patients age? sitivity is reduced 68. Studies have shown that millennials exhibit the following values and behaviors (mark all that apply): > A: Wealth > C: Narcissism > D: Postponement of marriage 69. Which should be recommended to patients that com- > C: Anti-reflection plaint about glare when driving at night? coatings 70. Inter American University of Puerto Rico School of > C: Dominican Optometry has service clubs such as VOSH, Lions Republic Clubs, and NOSA. Through these organizations, the School has provided ocular examinations, eyeglass11 / 17 515 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f4mn2j es, medications and surgeries to more than 15,000 patients of this country: 71. What is the expected amplitude of accommodation for a 50-year-old patient? > C: 2 Diopters 72. Which of the following is correct as you become old? > A: Depth of field increases 73. This type of memory is generally equal or better in elderly patients when compared to young patients: > B: Semantic memory 74. What can you do in your examination to better serve > A: Speak slowthe needs of the elderly? Mark ALL that apply: er, shirt sentences and as clear as possible room to avoid distractions > C: Use models and charts to better convey information > D: Use medical forms with large print size 75. Surveys show that 25% of persons equal or more > False than 75 years-old believe that things are better than expected 76. Which of the following are generally equal or better in > A: Depth percepthe elderly? (Mark ALL that apply) tion > C: Procedural memory > D: Decision making 77. Which are characteristics of millennials? Mark ALL that apply 12 / 17 > A: Sons and daughters of baby boomers > B: About 25% of 515 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f4mn2j the United States population > D: Highly educated 78. Which of the following functions are equal or better > A: Semantic in the elderly patient when compared to younger pa- memory tients? Choose ALL that apply > B: Decision making > C: Field of view 79. 57% of the people between 18 and 64 years-of-age believe that people 65 or above has memory loss. Polls show that about ____ of people of older age actually experience this deficit > B: 25% 80. Which instrument allows the optometrist to test for disability glare and retinal photostress? > C: Brightness Acuity tester 81. What is the expected amplitude of accommodation for a 75 years-old patient? > D: 0.00 D 82. First Year students from the IAUPR School of Optom- > B: New York etry, screen children from this organization: Foundling Foundation 83. What condition is shown in the picture below? > C: Right esotropia 84. John Smith is a 4 year-old child while Peter Norrison is a 14 year-old child. Which of the following statements is true regarding the likelihood of their refractive errors? > C: John is more likely to be hyperopic than Peter 85. Which of the following are characteristic of the > A: 5X larger field panoptik compared to the standard direct opthalmo- of view scope? Choose ALL that apply > C: Greater distance form the patient 13 / 17 515 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f4mn2j > D: 25 degrees field of view 86. There are enduring understandings from our Cultural Competence course. Which of the following are conclusions that follow from your course? Choose ALL that apply: > A: Patients have a culture defined by their values, belief systems and behaviors > C: Patients who feel understood and respected are more likely to adhere to treatment > D: A culturally competent healthcare provider is more likely to obtain better health outcomes 87. When examining a baby, you place a 10 diopter Base Up prism over the right eye of the baby. As you show a flashing toy in front of the baby, both eyes move up for a few seconds and then both eyes move down for a few seconds. What is the best interpretation of this result? B: The baby is likely to have similar visual acuity in both eyes 88. You examine Luis Rivera, a 3 year-old child. You find D: Yes the following visual acuity results: OD: 20/40+ OS: 20/30- OU: 20/30 Are these results expected for a 3 year-old patient? 89. John is a 5-year-old boy while Maria is a 12-year-old girl. When comparing the likelihood of ocular conditionsbased on their age. which are true? Choose ALL that apply 14 / 17 B: John is more likely to have strabismus than Maria D: Maria is more likely to have binocular disorders 515 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f4mn2j 90. During Monhindra's refraction, you find the following D: OD: +1.00 D gross results in your retinoscopy: OD: +2.25 D OS: OS: Plano +1.25 DWhat are the approximate refractive errors? 91. Which of the following instruments is the best for the B: Panoptik examination of the ocualr fundus of a 4 year-old ch 92. Which of the following are characteristic of the A: 5X larger field of panoptik compared to the standard direct opthalmo- view scope? Choose ALL that apply C: Greater distance form the patient D: 25 degrees field o 93. John Smith is a 4 year-old child while Peter Norrison C: John is more is a 14 year-old child. Which of the following state- likely to be hyperments is true regaring the likelihood of their refractive opic than Peter errors? 94. Using Mohindra's refraction, while working at 50 cm, B: +2.00 D you neutralize the right eye of the baby with a +3.25 lens.what is the best guess of the refractive error of the baby on that eye? 95. Which of the following children is at a higher risk of C: OD: +3.00 -1.00 amblyopia? (lazy eye) X 090 OS: +1.00 -1.00 X 090 96. Which of the following is FALSE regarding the exam- D: A binocular inination of infants? direct ophthalmoscope is esential for the retinal evaluation of an infant 97. You are observing a child's eye reflexes in the dark through an ophthalmoscope at about 1 meter distance. You observe the result below. Which of the following is FALSE? 15 / 17 B: The affected eye is the right eye 515 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f4mn2j 98. A 2 year-old child has leukocoria. Your retinal exam C: Mental retardashows the picture below. Which of the following con- tion ditions may be associated with this ocular disease? D: Strabismus Choose ALL that apply 99. You perform Mohindra's refraction on an 8-month A: OD +1.00 D OS infant. You neutralize the right eye reflex with a +2.25 +2.00 D D lens. The left eye reflex is neutralized with a +3.25 D lens. What is the required correction according to the protocol of this exam? 100. Sometimes a drawing on a napkin can orginate a C: Southwest Airgreat idea. The drawing below gave birth to this com- lines pany: 101. The best graph to display "When" is: D: Timeline 102. The drawing exercise in class demonstrated that, giv- A:Most of us en an opportunity... can draw cartoon characters fairly easily 103. The type of chart shown below is best used to depict: D: When 104. The following picture best represents a: B: Cartogram 105. According to Sunni Brown's TED lecture, in order to B: Emotional assimilate information to make decisions one has to engage at least two modalities of information (visual, auditory, reading/writing or kinesthetic) with an additional component. What is this component 106. In the TEDx presentation shown in class, Graham D: The cartoon Shaw drew the cartoon below. Who is this character represents Albert and what was the main point Shaw was making? Einstein - it requires a few minutes training to draw these cartoons 16 / 17 515 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f4mn2j 107. When patients are presented a picture like the one B: Dual coding below, they remember and understand better the consequences of glaucoma when compared with a verbal explanation. The theory that best explains this advantahe is 108. The title "Back of the Napkin" for the Power of Stories B: Southwest topic is also based on a story. What is the story? Airlines original three-city route was drawn on the back of a napkin 17 / 17