Unit 2 - Historico-Legal Foundations of Education PDF

GROUP 1 Unit 2 - Historico-Legal Foundations of Education  The Decree of Education in 1863 established the first ever educational system in the Philippines. It required the government to provide school institutions for boys and girls in every town. Given the situation, the Spanish...

GROUP 1 Unit 2 - Historico-Legal Foundations of Education  The Decree of Education in 1863 established the first ever educational system in the Philippines. It required the government to provide school institutions for boys and girls in every town. Given the situation, the Spanish schools started accepting Filipino students. In ancient Philippines, children were given the rudiments of education. Such education was both academic and vocation.  A. HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS 1. Global a. Ancient Period - In theancient systemofeducation, which primarily took place in gurukuls or ashrams, the students were meant to observe strict discipline. They were meant to follow. b. Middle/Medieval Period – it was often conducted by the Church.... Very few girls, if any, wereeducatedat proper institutions, most girls were taught basic reading and writing at their own homes. The students were taught seven liberal arts; Latin, grammar, rhetoric, logic, astronomy, philosophy and mathematics. c. Renaissance Period- the Humanists of theRenaissancecreated schools to teach their ideas and wrote books all abouteducation. Educationduring theRenaissancewas mainly composed of ancient literature and history, as it was thought that the classics provided moral instruction and an intensive understanding of human behavior. d. Modern/Contemporary Period- is the implementation oflearningactivities which draw upon students' experiences, both in and out of the classroom, thus helping them to recognize that they are developing specific skills which they perceive to be significant for the world outside ofschool. John Amos Comeniusis the Father of Modern Education 2.Local a. Pre-colonial Period- during thepre-colonialperiod, most children were provided with solely vocational training, which was supervised by parents,tribal tutors or those assigned for specific, specialized roles within their communities (for example, the babaylan). The cultural achievements ofpre-colonial Philippinesinclude those covered by the prehistory and the early history (900–1521) of thePhilippinearchipelago's inhabitants, the indigenous forebears of today's Filipino people. b. Spanish Period- in thePhilippines, free access to modern publiceducationwas made possible through the enactment of theSpanish EducationDecree of December 20, 1863 by Queen Isabella II. Primary instruction was made free and the teaching ofSpanishwas compulsory.History of thePhilippines(1565–1898) The history of thePhilippinesfrom 1565 to 1898, also known as theSpanish Philippinesor theSpanishcolonialperiod, was theperiodduring which thePhilippineswere part of theSpanishEmpire as theSpanishEast Indies within the Captaincy General of thePhilippines. c. American Period - TheperiodofAmericancolonization of thePhilippineslasted 48years,from cession of thePhilippinesto the U.S. by Spain in 1898 to U.S.recognition ofPhilippineindependence in 1946.After independence in 1946, manyAmericanschose to remain in thePhilippineswhile maintaining relations with relatives in the US. The students were given freeschoolmaterials.There were three levels ofeducationduring theAmerican period.The "elementary" level consisted off our primary years and 3 intermediate years.The "secondary" or highschoollevel consisted of four years; and the third was the "college" ortertiary level.The greatest achievement in thePhilippinewas the introduction of the public school system. d.Post-colonial Period- US colonial rule of the archipelago was loosened during the Commonwealth Period of 1935-1946, a period after which the Philippines gained its independence. It is the historical period or state of affairs representing the aftermath of Western colonialism; the term can also be used to describe the concurrent project to reclaim and rethink the history and agency of people subordinated under various forms of imperialism. This is also known as contemporary period.  B. LEGAL FOUNDATIONS 1. WHAT IS LAW? a. Definition and nature-Law is the system of rules which a particular country or community recognizes as regulating the actions of its members and which it may enforce by the imposition of penalties. In regards to the nature of Law, it is an instrument which regulates human conduct/behavior. Law means Justice, Morality, Reason, Order, and Righteous from the view point of the society. Law means Statutes, Acts, Rules, Regulations, Orders, and Ordinances from point of view of legislature. b. Typologies-There are many different branches of law including corporate law, property and taxation law through to media, environmental health and international law. All types of law have far-reaching effects and help to shape politics, economics and society in numerous  8 TYPES OF LAW FOR PARALEGALS 1. Criminal law Criminal law concerns itself with finding and punishing people who have broken the law by committing crimes. The goal of criminal law is to uncover the true perpetrator of a crime and exact justice. Criminal law includes a wide range of crimes, from homicides to pirating copyrighted material. 2. Corporate law Corporate law is the system of criminal justice that makes sure businesses adhere to local and federal regulations for conducting business legally. Paralegals in this specialty might work for a single corporation as part of their in-house legal team, or they might work for a firm that works with many corporate clients. 3. International law International law governs the interactions between different countries. These laws are designed to promote trade and to keep all citizens safe. International law often deals with issues related to preserving the environment, establishing basic human rights and regulating trade. 4. Commercial law Commercial law-sometimes called trade law or business law-deals with commerce, trade and consumer transactions. This broad legal field includes areas like bankruptcy, contracts, mortgages and real estate, consumer credit and banking. 5. Family law This type of law handles cases related to family relationships, such as divorce and child custody, adoptionand termination of parental rights. These cases often involve children, and some surround difficult circumstances, such as child abuse or domestic violence. 6. Constitutional law This area of law includes any legal proceedings related to upholding or interpreting the U.S. Constitution.Court cases might surround issues like due process, civil rights or freedom of speech 7. Labor law Labor laws oversee the relationship between employers and employees. Their goal is to ensure that employees aren't taken advantage of by corporations, which typically have more bargaining power or resources than an individual employee. Labor laws govern issues like collective bargaining, unionization, benefits dispute and more. 8. Intellectual property law Intellectual property (IP) refers to intangible creative works or inventions that are protected by copyrights, trademarks or patents. These laws work to protect creators from copyright infringement. 2.SOURCES OF PHILIPPINE EDUCATIONAL JURISPRUDENCE a.Constitution - the fundamental and supreme law of the land b.Statutes - including Acts of Congress, municipal charters, municipal legislation, court rules, administrative rules and orders, legislative rules and presidential issuances. c. Case Law or Jurisprudence - It is a legal system. The word jurisprudence derives from the Latin term juris prudentia, which means "the study, knowledge, or science of law." d. Regulatory Laws - administrative law is also sometimes called regulatory law. Regulation is the act of controlling, or a law, rule or order. e. Ordinance - it is an authoritative order or a rule or law enacted by local government. A law about parking enacted by local government is an example of an ordinance. A local law, usually on the municipality level, that, when fully enacted, has the same effect and force as a statute within that municipality. f. Legal Opinion - also known as an 'opinion letter', a legal opinion is given in the form of a letter issued by a law firm expressing legal conclusions and/or analysis of a specific transaction. The recipient of the opinion will then rely on its contents as a basis for entering into the transaction. g. Resolutions - According to Webster: the act of finding an answer or solution to a conflict, problem, etc., the act of resolving something or an answer or solution to something.  3. LEGAL UNDERPINNINGS PHILIPPINE EDUCATION a. Educational Structure - Organization of the Education System and of its Structure. The educational system is divided into four levels: pre primary, compulsory (single structure primary and lower secondaryeducation), upper secondary and higher education. Adult education is also available and art schools, mainly music schools. b. Educational Policies- Generally education policies are programs based on decisions by educational administrators or legislators about how to conduct the education of children and students seeking higherlearning skills.... Education policy can also refer to the means by which educational facilities (schools, training centers, etc.) c. Curriculum and Instruction- is a field within education which pursue to research, develop, and implement curriculum changes that increase student achievement within and outside schools. The field focuses on how students learn and the best ways to educate. Thank You