TMTT Quizzes PDF

**TMTT1: Pseudoscience** 1. **'Seek and ye shall find' is a short and simple way to sum up** a. belief perseverance b. empiricism c. confirmation bias d. naive realism 2. A psychologist is often skeptical of claims suggesting that a. a person's future behaviour is often difficult to pr...

**TMTT1: Pseudoscience** 1. **'Seek and ye shall find' is a short and simple way to sum up** a. belief perseverance b. empiricism c. confirmation bias d. naive realism 2. A psychologist is often skeptical of claims suggesting that a. a person's future behaviour is often difficult to predict accurately b. a person's culture is a strong influence on everyday thoughts and behaviours c. people are influenced by others' thoughts and behaviours d. a particular behaviour is the result of a single causal variable 3. A key characteristic of a pseudoscience is that incorrect theories are: a. never corrected or changed b. seldom believed by the general public c. discarded d. formulated and revised as needed 4. Which statement about Pseudoscience is correct? a. Pseudoscience refers to claims or statements that superficially appear to be anecdotal but are not. b. Pseudoscience refers to claims or statements that superficially appear to be scientific but are not. c. Pseudoscience refers to claims or statements that superficially appear to be sceptic but are not d. Pseudoscience refers to claims or statements that superficially appear to be common sense but are not. 5. The major difference between pseudoscience and science is that: a. pseudoscience lacks the safeguards against confirmation biases that characterise science b. pseudoscience addresses different questions than science c. pseudoscience is less similar to popular psychology than science is d. pseudoscience lacks the general level of public support that characterises science' 6. A claim must be testable in order to be useful. Name one other characteristic of a scientifically useful claim. a. be replicated by others b. contradict the available body of evidence c. be unique to a specific sample without overgeneralising to a larger population d. be detailed and, when necessary, complex in its explanation of the evidence 7. Which of these are warning signs of pseudoscience? (Tick which apply) a. an abundance of self-correction b. under-reliance on anecdotal evidence c. evasion of peer review d. the use of meaningless psychobabble **TMTT2: Developmental** 1. Research shows that men and women are more similar than different. However, many people hold beliefs such as: women are more social than men and males are more analytical than females. These beliefs are consistent with: a\. gender intensification b\. sex differences c\. gender constancy d\. gender-role stereotypes e\. sexual orientation 2. In Piaget's theory, when children are in a state of cognitive equilibrium: a. they are unable to learn new things b. assimilation and accommodation are balanced c. they accommodate more than they assimilate d. they experience rapid cognitive change e. they assimilate more than they accommodate 3. People often use expressions like "40 is the new 30" to express the idea that people are as young or old as they feel. This is an example of the distinction between: a. chronological age and biological age b. chronological age and psychological age c. biological age and the social clock d. the social clock and psychological age e. cohort effects 4. Yoshiko watches her mother pour all of her juice out of a tall skinny glass into a short, wide cup. She fusses and protests because she thinks she now doesn't have as much juice as she started with. What is the name of the principle that Yoshiko is unable to understand? 5. According to Piaget, the major shift in children's thinking in adolescence (formal operations) compared with middle childhood (concrete operations) is: 6. In one study, mothers were introduced to the same six-month-old baby, called either "Joey" or "Janie", and asked to play with the child. The results indicated that: 7. Which of the following is TRUE regarding differences between child development and adult development? 1. The Framingham Heart Study was a large study conducted in the USA to investigate factors associated with health. Which kind of study design did it use? Answer: Longitudinal 2. What is the ability of faux treatments or interventions to decrease health? Answer: nocebo effect 3. Kai has been regularly attending a yoga class for the last few months, and has found it to help lessen stress and increase body flexibility. Here, yoga is playing the role of WHAT for Kai? Answer: A behavioural immunogen 4. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about pain? Answer: All of the options listed are true about pain 5. Which of the following is TRUE? The frequency and severity of daily hassles are: Answer: Better predictors of physical health, depression, anxiety than are major life events 6. Which of the following are examples of social determinants of health? Answer: All of the other options are examples of social determinants of health 7. Terry and Jo work at the same marketing firm. During a staff meeting, they find out that their company has been taken over by a large, international, corporation. Terry's first reaction is fear: things will change, the new bosses will probably make staff cuts, he could end up losing his job. Jo's first reaction is excitement: she thinks that the company will change for the better, that it needed some new ideas and fresh blood. This difference can be BEST characterised by Terry and Jo's different: Answer: Appraisal styles **TMTT4: Clinical Neuropsychology** 1. David had a large meningioma affecting his frontal lobes, which of the following cognitive symptoms did he exhibit: Answer: Concrete thinking 2. Which of the following is not a consideration for neuropsychological test interpretation? Answer: The neuropsychologist\'s personal opinion on the patient\'s condition 3. A Clinical Neuropsychologist's role is to: Answer: Diagnose and treat cognitive, emotional, and behavioural disorders related to brain function 4. In what settings might a clinical neuropsychologist work? Answer: All options provided 5. What types of conditions do Neuropsychologists specialise in assessing and helping people recover? Answer: Acquired** **brain injury, neurological conditions, neurodegenerative conditions, neurodevelopmental conditions, and neuropsychiatric disorders 6. Which of the following is *not *the role of a Clinical Neuropsychologist: Answer: To provide rehabilitation for motor deficits following stroke 7. Rosemary had a poor ability to form new memories. Which area of the brain was affected? Answer: Temporal Lobe **TMTT5: Organisational Psychology** 1. Which of the following is NOT a role played by organisational psychologists? Answer: assessment and diagnosis of individual mental health problems 2. In the context of a threat to safety, rather than take protective action, people may respond with 'wishful thinking', 'fatalism', and 'helplessness'. These may help psychologically, but do nothing to change the threat or assist with an effective response, and are referred to as: Answer: maladaptive responses 3. Which of the following is a characteristic of the Trait-based approach to leadership? Answer: There is a predisposition towards a style of leadership 4. Which of the following is one way an organisational psychologist might intervene to support employees with burnout? Answer: Implementing changes to the job design, such as reducing role demands. 5. Which is NOT an example of role conflict? Answer: I do not have clear feedback from my supervisor about whether I am doing my job well.  6. In the context of the Job Demands-Resources model, what tends to be experienced by employees who have high resources? Answer: Higher job engagement 7. Which of the following is most likely to be defined as workplace bullying according to the research definition? Answer: Top of Form Jane, an employee is sworn at in a loud voice fairly regularly over the last year **TMTT6: Perception**Bottom of Form 1. A neuron with an on-centre off-surround receptive field would: Answer: increase firing to light just in the centre 2. The amplitude of a sound wave is perceived, more or less, as: Answer; loudness 3. Olfaction differs from the other senses in that: Answer: smell information reaches the cortex before passing through the thalamus 4. The motion aftereffect (MAE) is the phenomenon whereby Answer: prolonged observation of a moving stimulus causes a subsequently seen stationary stimulus to appear to move in the opposite direction 5. High frequency sounds cause: Answer: maximal movement of the basilar membrane at the end closest to the eardrum 6. Which of the following best describes the reason why we have finer sensation in our mouths than on our legs? Answer: we have more neurons in the somatosensory cortex dedicated to processing information from the mouth 7. Part of the reason that we have greater visual acuity (resolution) in the fovea is that Answer: the fovea contains cones, which show less neural convergence than rods **TMTT7: Cognition** 1. Which of the following is true about the primacy effect in free recall? b\. It is reduced by faster rate of presentation of the list items 2\. While a student provided directions to a construction worker, two experimenters rudely interrupted by passing between them carrying a door. The student\'s failure to notice that the construction worker was replaced by a different person during this interruption illustrates: d\. change blindness 3\. Which statement best described the extent to which humans are aware of the details in the world around them? d\. We often fail to see important things when our attention is preoccupied 4\. Which of the following statements about memory is most accurate? d\. The act of remembering is an act of reconstruction 5\. A mouse running across your desk grabs your attention while you are searching for your keys.  Your goal-directed search for your keys is likely employing \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ attentional selection, while your reflective noticing of the mouse was likely courtesy of more \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ attentional selection. e\. top-down, bottom-up 6\. Patients suffering from anterograde amnesia have difficulty learning: d\. personal experiences that occurred since the onset of amnesia 7.According to Anne Treisman's "feature integration" theory of attention, attention: d\. serves to bind simple features together into more complex combinations; **WEEK 1** Which methodological approach is predominantly used in the scoping review to gather data? Qualitative analysis of existing literature How does the review ensure the inclusion of diverse perspectives in its analysis? By reviewing a wide range of sources including grey literature What is one way the review integrates practitioner insights into its findings? Including narratives from policy makers Which aspect of the review reflects the application of scientific evidence to practical interventions? Recommendations for community-based interventions What evaluation method is suggested in the review for measuring the effectiveness of implemented suicide prevention strategies? Pre-post intervention surveys What was the primary aim of the study \"Academic self-efficacy and school burnout in university students: Assessment of the mediating role of grit\"?  To determine if grit mediates the relationship between academic self-efficacy and school burnout.  Which of the following would NOT be identified as a limitation of the study?  The study used a longitudinal design.  What practical recommendation does the study make for educational practitioners to reduce school burnout among students? \ Implement programs to enhance students\' academic self-efficacy and grit.  Which statistical method was used to support the significance of the mediating role of grit in the study?  Bootstrapping procedure  Why is it important to consider the sample\'s gender imbalance when interpreting the study\'s results?  It might limit the generalisability of the findings to other student populations.  What is a key characteristic that distinguishes science from pseudoscience?    Empirical evidence and testability   Which of the following is a hallmark of pseudoscience?    Overreliance on confirmation bias and cherry-picked data   What role does peer review play in distinguishing science from pseudoscience?   \ It ensures that scientific claims undergo rigorous scrutiny by experts in the field    How do scientific theories differ from pseudoscientific claims?   \ Scientific theories are widely accepted explanations supported by extensive evidence, while pseudoscientific claims lack empirical support.    Which of the following is a characteristic of pseudoscience?    Reliance on anecdotal evidence rather than empirical data   How does scientific skepticism differ from simply being skeptical?    Scientific skepticism involves questioning claims using empirical evidence and critical thinking.    Which of the following statements best describes the peer review process in science?    It allows for feedback and evaluation of research by other experts in the field.    Why is replication an important aspect of scientific research?    It demonstrates the reliability and validity of research findings.    Given Jacque\'s diagnosis and his concerns, which of the following responses best exemplifies the integration of research, ethical practice, and clinical expertise in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)? \"CBT has been scientifically proven to be effective for treating depression. We will tailor the therapy to your specific needs and preferences to ensure it aligns with your unique context.\" How should you address his concerns to adhere to ethical practice?  \"Confidentiality is a crucial part of our practice. I will only share your information if you give explicit consent or if there is a legal requirement to do so, such as if you are in danger of harming yourself or others.\"  How should you ethically manage this information while planning his treatment? \ \"It\'s important to manage stress from work and family. Let\'s create a detailed plan together that includes coping strategies for these specific stressors.\"  How should you handle this situation to address the ethical dilemma while respecting Jacques\'s confidentiality and ensuring appropriate treatment? \ \"It\'s important to have an accurate record to provide you with the best treatment. I will note this in a confidential manner and ensure it remains within your medical records.\" **WEEK 2** Sarah is a 7-month-old baby who is not yet able to sit up on her own or crawl. Her parents are worried and wonder if there might be something wrong with her development. Considering the principles of developmental psychology, which of the following could be a plausible explanation for Sarah\'s delayed motor development? Sarah has not been given enough tummy time due to her parents\' fear of SIDS Daniel, a 5-year-old boy, often acts aggressively towards his peers during playtime. His teacher is concerned and seeks advice on possible reasons for his behaviour. Based on developmental psychology theories, which of the following could be contributing to Daniel's aggressive behaviour? All of the above factors could be contributing to Daniel\'s behaviour  Maria is a pregnant woman who occasionally drinks alcohol. Her doctor warns her about the risks of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). Considering what you know about teratogens and sensitive periods, what is the best explanation for why Maria should avoid alcohol during pregnancy? Alcohol can cause FASD, leading to facial anomalies and developmental deficits, especially if consumed during the embryonic period  Ming who has only ever seen apples and pears encounters a peach for the first time. They identify the peach as a \"fruit".  Assimilation  Rania has a mum and a dad. All their cousins and friends also have mums and dads. They meet Gabi at preschool whose dad Tim picks her up. When Rania asks Gabi if Gabi's mum will pick her up tomorrow, Gabi says she doesn't have a mum, she has two dads.   Accommodation  Toby sees a kookaburra for the first time and sees it has wings, flies, and a beak. They call it a \"bird".  Assimilation  Puneet knows what a square is. They see a funny looking square that has two longer sides and two shorter sides. They say the person who drew it must have been silly to draw such a funny square. Their older brother says "you're the silly one, that's a rectangle!"  Accommodation  Emma, a 4-year-old girl, insists that the amount of water in her glass has increased after her mother pours it into a taller, narrower glass. According to Piaget\'s theory of cognitive development, which concept is Emma struggling with?  Conservation  Liam, a 6-year-old, is learning about animals. He initially calls every four-legged animal a \"dog\" because of his experience with his pet. However, after visiting a farm, he starts to recognize and name cows, sheep, and horses correctly. Which Piagetian processes are demonstrated by Liam\'s learning experience?  Assimilation and accommodation  **QUIZ QUESTIONS** 1. What does the Biopsychosocial Model define health as? 2. In the context of industrial and org psych, organisational culture is a construct that emphasizes what features 3. Which area of the brain is primarily involved in problem-solving and planning? Answer: Frontal Lobe 4. Which of the following is important when trying to interpret data collected about a particular organisation? Answer: benchmark the findings against results from like organizations  5. Anthony is on a train, looking out the window and waiting for the train to pull out of the station. There is another train next to his train, and for a moment, Anthony thinks that his train is moving but then realises it\'s the other train. What is this phenomenon called? Answer: Vection 6. Why does an object appear red? Answer: because it reflects a lot of light with a long wavelength 7. Charlie has three assignments due in a space of a couple of days. They are very stressed about this, trying to get everything ready to a high standard. But, instead of working on their assignments, they decide they need a break and go to the pub to meet up with their friends and have a few drinks. Which of the following coping mechanisms is most accurate of Charlie\'s behaviour? Answer: distraction 8. Recently, advertisements have been broadcast for some natural herbs that claim to calm you, increase your sense of well-being, and make you happier in a month. Why are you sure this is a pseudoscientific claim? Answer: exaggerated 9. Alex is about to take a test. According to the Yerkes-Dodson Law (1908) which of the following would we predict would happen? Answer: If it is a difficult test, accompanied by high arousal, there is a low success rate 10. Miss Johnstone gave Mark and Tia equal-sized lumps of clay. Tia immediately rolled hers into a long shape. Mark cried and complained that Tia received more clay than he did. What does Mark\'s behaviour represent? Answer: an inability to conserve 11. Current understanding of the \"nature versus nurture\" debate best reflects which of the following positions: Answer: A dynamic interplay exists between genetic and socio-cultural influences and it id these reciprocal relationships that shape a person 12. Which lobe of the brain is primarily associated with visual processing and interpretation? Answer: Occipital Lobe 13. Dr McDonald only uses the testimonies of parents and teachers as support for their treatment for ADHD. This illustrates which warning sign of pseudosience? Answer: Overreliance on anecdotes 14. What do interception, pressure, itch and tension have in common? Answer: They are part of the body senses. 15. Ed Tronick\'s Still-Face experiment shows that: Answer: Most young infants are surprised and bothered when their caregiver becomes unresponsive during interaction. 16. \*When siblings Marcia and Greg come home from school, Marcia is expected to wash the dishes and vacuum the rug, while Greg is expected to take out the rubbish and mow the lawn. What do these various responsibilities exemplify? Answer: gender roles 17. Edward and Bella are discussing their first-year health lectures and Edward tries to explain the bi-directional relationship between psychology and health. Which explanation is correct? Answer: It\'s like when physical illnesses can influence psychological wellbeing and psychological factors can influence physical wellbeing 18. Jasmin was recently fired from their job. Their response to this stressful event was to take charge of the situation and research available jobs in their field. Then they applied to each of the open positions for which they were qualified to reduce the impact of the situation. What is this active type of coping known as? Answer: behavioural control 19. In 1974, Kearins developed a memory task designed to reflect skills and strategies thought to be important for survival in the harsh desert environment. What did the results of this study demonstrate? Answer: That it is important to design ecologically valid tests 20. Which of these is NOT an example of a role conflict in an organisation? Answer: An employee is experiencing an interpersonal conflict with another employee doing a similar role 21. What is a key component of the initial phase of a neuropsychological assessment? Answer: Reviewing medical records and notes from allied health professionals 22. Shane is considering buying a new workout machine that promises muscle bulk at twice the rate of other machines. When Shane questioned such a claim with the manufacturer, the customer service representative stated this was a new system and previous research on muscle growth and build-up was not applicable. This example illustrates which warning sign of pseudoscience? Answer: Absence of connectivity 23. When her older brother hides behind the sofa, Carmen looks behind the sofa to find him. What ability has Carmen developed? Answer: object permanence 24. According to the job demands and resources model, which best describes what job demands do? Answer: Increases levels of employee burnout 25. Ella believe that all red go carts were fast until she drove a very slow one at the show. What doesnher revised views on red go carts show? Answer: accommodation 26. Torsten is asked whether it is right for a police officer to give a speeding ticket to a parent driving their daughter to the hospital after a serious injury that left her with several broken bones. Which of the following answers would demonstrate the post-conventional level of moral reasoning in Torsten? Answer: \"They were trying to get their daughter to help and they were not hurting anyone. As long as they don\'t normally speed they should be let off with a warning.\" 27. Which of the following statements is FALSE? Answer: Cells demonstrating Centre-Surround Antagonism show intense neural activity in response to stimulation of both their centre and surrounding receptive fields. 28. Which of the following is an example of proprioception? Answer: The ability to successfully switch your foot from the accelerator to the brake and back while driving a car without looking down. 29. What were the three possible climates that Kurt Lewin identified within organisational groups? Answer: Authoritarian, Democratic, and Laissez Faire PRACTICE EXAM 1. Arjun wants to call up and vote for his favourite contestant on a live broadcast talent show, but the number to call flashes past so briefly on the TV screen he doesn't have time to write it down. To his surprise, however, he has retained a momentary image of the five digit post code. His experience best illustrates \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Answer: Iconic sensory memory 2. The phenomenon whereby certain types of stimuli are preferentially processed by one side of the brain is known as: Answer: Lateralisation of processing 3. A child's moral reasoning focuses on avoiding punishment and obtaining personal rewards. Their level of moral development is: Answer: Preconventional 4. When given the list of words: "hill, valley, climb, summit, top, molehill, peak, range, steep" and asked to recall them, people wrongly produce "mountain" which was not on the list. This phenomenon\.... Answer: Demonstrates that the act of remembering is an act of reconstruction  5. According to social identity theory, which aspects/s is likely to increase identification with a group membership? Answer: The presence of a relevant out-group 6. In Piagets theory, what are the two processes that together account for adaptation of cognitive schemas after encountering new experiences? Answer: Assimilation and accomodation 7. In an organisation, evidence-based resilience training is MOST useful for  Answer: Assisting people to build greater individual coping resources 8. The name given to our sense of body position is  Answer: Proprioception 9. Which of the following is an example of a behavioural pathogen? Answer: Eating highly processed fast food 10. Name the two fundamental things that a caretaker needs to provide for children according to attachment theory.  Answer: a safe haven;  a secure base 11. A neuron with an on-centre off-surround receptive field would: Answer: Increase firing in response to light just in the centre 12. What term describes the processes used to manage demands, stress and conflict? Answer: Coping 13. In the context of a threat to safety, rather than take protective action, people may respond with 'wishful thinking', 'fatalism', and 'helplessness'. These may help psychologically but do nothing to change the threat or assist with an effective response and are referred to as: Answer: Maladaptive responses 14. A key issue in science is providing methods to help people distinguish between accurate, helpful claims and those that are inaccurate and unhelpful. This problem is exacerbated by which of the following signs of pseudoscience? Answer: lack of peer review by other scholars 15. According to the level-of-processing framework, which of the following type of encoding is expected to produce the best recall for words? Answer: In terms of its meaning 16. The placebo effect is a demonstration of how individuals' expectations about any treatment can affect their experience of the treatment. Which of the following is an example of how research design in a clinical trial or intervention can minimise the placebo effect on the evaluation of a new treatment? Answer: All of the options presented 17. Patients suffering from anterograde amnesia have deficits in Answer: Retaining personal experiences that occurred since the onset of amnesia 18. Which of the following theories of attachment was effectively discredited by the work of Harry Harlow? Answer: Babies become attached to adults who provide them with nourishment 19. You are meeting your friend at a concert but you're not sure where. You scan the crowd outside the concert starting from the back and progressively search the space closer and closer to you. Then you remember that he almost always wears his favourite bright green t-shirt so you try and find him in the crowd by searching for the colour green. What attentional searches did you employ? Answer: Spatial then feature based 20. Which of the following is a key component of the clinical interview in a neuropsychological assessment Answer: Gathering collateral evidence from relevant sources 21. Organisational psychologists can recommend, but also conduct a whole range of workplace interventions. They are involved in many forms of interventions that can affect the wellbeing, resilience and work satisfaction of employees on a large scale. Which intervention would an organisational psychologist NOT normally conduct? Answer: Counselling of employees 22. Young Boris, only a bit over 18 months of age, has been fooled by his parents. In order to get him to willingly take a children's chewable vitamin every day they have taught him that it is a "lolly". Now, whenever he sees any product that is small and brightly coloured he says "lolly! YUUUUUM!" and tries to put it into his mouth. Boris' attempt to make the new stimulus consistent with his mental structures is an example of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Answer: Assimilation 23. In a study described in the attention lecture, people drove through a virtual reality city while looking for either a gold or blue arrow at each intersection. When a motorcycle suddenly stopped in front of them they were most likely to crash into it: Answer: When it was the same colour as the arrow they weren't looking for  24. I take a pill that my friend tells me will increase physiological arousal. After taking it I start to feel light-headed, spacey, jittery and panicked. Two hours later my friend tells me the pill was inert (it was just a sugar pill, with nothing else in it). This is a demonstration of: Answer: The nocebo effect 25. What does the fovea contain? Answer: Primarily cones 26. According to Vygotsky, cognitive development results, at least in part, from Answer: Scaffolding during social interaction with others 27. A large tumour in the frontal lobe could cause the following symptom: Answer: Concrete thinking 28. Which of the following is NOT a defining property of resilience? Answer: Experiencing no decline in functioning after adversity 29. Once sound waves have been transduced into neural activity, what carries them to the brain for auditory perception? Answer: Auditory nerve 30. If a patient has Alzheimer\'s Disease which area of their brain is most likely to be affected? Answer: Temporal Lobe 31. Here is a loud bang across the room and you immediately and reflexively turn your head to see what the cause was. This is an example of: Answer: Bottom-up attentional selection 32. A charismatic leader is said to exhibit qualities of what type of leadership? Answer: Transformational 33. Dr Proctor designs an experimental test of his theory of aggression against a competing theory. After conducting the appropriate statistical tests, he finds that the data are better explained by the competing theory. His willingness to accept the evidence that another theory is superior is a characteristic of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Answer:\ scientific skepticism 34. Which of the following is TRUE about chunking? Answer: It indicates that people make use of long term memory to perform a short term memory task. 35. What structure changes its shape to focus light on the retina? Answer: Lens 36. Which of the following is TRUE about flashbulb memory? Answer: None of the options presented 37. Which of the following best describes the primary focus of a neuropsychological assessment? Answer: Understanding cognitive and behavioural functions 38. The main result from the "SMILES" trial, which investigated the link between diet changes and depression, was that: Answer: Improving ones diet can positively impact depressive symptoms, and we can conclude cause-and-effect from the study 39. What was the main outcome of the Hawthorne Studies? Answer: Perceived \'engagement\' led to improvements in performance. 40. To prevent accidents a number of companies have developed "heads-up" displays that project dashboard information (eg speed) onto the windscreen. The logic is that it allows people to register this information without taking their eyes off the road. What attentional phenomenon suggests that this is not a complete solution? Answer: Inattention blindness 41. When siblings Babette and Édouard come home from school, Babette is expected to clean any dishes that have been left in the kitchen and to vacuum the family room rug. Édouard on the other hand, is expected to take out the rubbish and, when needed, to mow the lawn. These different responsibilities are examples of gender \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Answer: Roles 42. The vestibular senses rely on three structures which are located in the inner ear. They are fluid filled structures that provide information about balance and equilibrium. What are they called Answer: Semicircular canals 43. After a dinner out with a friend you signal to your server that you are ready for your bill. You are really surprised when your friend tells you that it is not the person who has been serving you all night. This scenario comes closest to resembling: Answer: Change blindness 44. What are the two components of job analysis? Answer: Description and Specification 45. PSY1102 tutorials covered effective studying behaviours to increase student learning and retention of information. Which of the following is a scientific reason for why writing notes by hand is more effective for learning than typing notes using a computer? Answer: Most individuals type faster than they write; thus, writing notes  encourages summarising of information rather than writing out verbatim and Computers often contain distractions (eg notifications, access to the internet, games etc) 46. How can neuropsychological assessments aid in planning rehabilitation strategies? Answer: By documenting functional impairments and preserved abilities 47. Which of the following best describes Piaget's ideas about cognitive development in young children? Answer:\ he regarded the thinking of a young child as qualitatively different to that of an adult 48. Magda is being observed as she plays in a room with her mother. She goes to the toys in the room, but occasionally looks back at the mother to make sure she is there. After a quick smile exchanged between mother and child Magda goes back to the task of building with the toys. When her mother leaves the room she becomes moderately upset but is easily soothed by contact with her mother when she returns. What type of attachment does Magda have with her mother?v Answer: Secure 49. Which of the following is one of the classic warning signs of a pseudoscience? Answer: The use of meaningless psychobabble 50. What is the main principle that underlies Taylorism? Answer: That work should be considered from a scientific perspective. 51. Which of the following is TRUE about the recency effect in free recall? Answer: It is eliminated by a mental arithmetic filler task presented after the list 52. In the context of neuropsychological assessments, what is the importance of considering a patient\'s medical history and education background? Answer: To provide a comprehensive understanding of cognitive impairments 53. Which of the following depth cues depends on information from eye muscles? Answer: Convergence 54. Who is reputed to have first coined the term \'industrial psychology\'? Answer: W.L.Bryan 55. In Mary Ainsworth's "Strange Situation", we are most interested in assessing: Answer:  How the infant responds to separation from and reunion with his/her mother. 56. Light, a central player in our visual perception of the world, is a form of Answer: Electromagnetic energy 57. Tatiana is an organisational psychologist who has been asked to recommend an intervention to help employees who are feeling distressed at work. She has a pretty good understanding of what issues within the organisation are, but wants to better understand which issue has the MOST effect on wellbeing. Which method of data collection would be most appropriate? Answer: Online surveys 58. Our sense of hearing is otherwise known as Answer: Audition 59. What is the major difference between pseudoscience and science? Answer: pseudoscience lacks the safeguards against confirmation biases that characterise science 60. The model that first argued that there is more to health than merely the absence of disease, as discussed in the lectures, was which of the following? Answer: The illness-wellness continuum 61. A preschooler identifies a person in a picture as a boy. He then explains that the boy would become a girl if he grew his hair longer and put it in pigtails. The child has not yet achieved:  Answer:\ Gender constancy 62. At five years old, Aisha can better understand her friend's feelings than when she was three years old. What is Aisha acquiring? Answer: Theory of mind 63. What is a common reason for conducting a neuropsychological assessment in patients with traumatic brain injuries? Answer: To understand the impact on cognitive functions 64. According to Locke (1968), what is the most important factor in explaining motivation? Answer: To have a conscious, specific goal in mind. 65. Which of the following does NOT describe a social determinate of health? Answer: You decide not to exercise today because you wake up not feeling like it 66. In the context of human error, and mistake is also referred to as: Answer: A decision error 67. What are the bumps on the tongue called?\ What do they contain? Answer: Papillae;  taste buds 68. Which cognitive domain is typically assessed using tasks that present information and then ask them about it after a delay? Answer: Memory 69. Which of the following is a fundamental aspect of the definition of pain? Answer: Is both a sensory and emotional experience 70. Which of the following factors contribute to inattentional blindness? Answer: All of the options presented 71. The sensation of falling when a lift starts to descend is due to the activation of: Answer: The utricle and saccule 72. The point at which the optic nerve leaves the eyeball is known as the Answer: Blind spot 73. Authoritative parents are firm disciplinarians. How would you describe them when it comes to engagement and shared activities with their child? Answer: warm 74. Why should people care about the dangers of pseudoscience? Answers:\ A lack of critical thinking may lead to poor decisions that affect your personal life and/or the community 75. As discussed in lectures, there are multiple physical connections between the brain and the body, where signals can move from certain body parts (eg the gastrointestinal system or GI system) to the brain, and vice versa. The relevance of this information for the field of psychology is that: Answer:\ Therapies that target GI health (eg dietary interventions) might benefit mental health conditions and therapies that target psychological processes (eg cognitive behaviour therapy) might benefit GI health conditions