The Travels of Dr. Jose Rizal And Other Significant Events (PDF)

THE TRAVELS OF DR. JOSE RIZAL AND OTHER SIGNIFICANT EVENTS  THE TRAVELS OF DR. JOSE RIZAL AND OTHER SIGNIFICANT EVENTS. PART 1: PART 2: PART 3: PART 4: PART 5: The Secret The Publishing of...

THE TRAVELS OF DR. JOSE RIZAL AND OTHER SIGNIFICANT EVENTS  THE TRAVELS OF DR. JOSE RIZAL AND OTHER SIGNIFICANT EVENTS. PART 1: PART 2: PART 3: PART 4: PART 5: The Secret The Publishing of To Barcelona and Rizal and the The Tour of Europe Departure for the Noli Me Madrid Masonry with Dr. Viola Spain Tangere The Secret Departure for Spain  RIZAL’S SECRET DEPARTURE Rizal's departure for Spain was kept secret to avoid detection by the Spanish authorities and the friars, even his parents. Only selected person knows the secret departure of Rizal, including his older brother, his uncle, his sisters, the Valenzuela family, Pedro Paterno, Mateo Evangelista, the Ateneo Jesuit fathers, and some intimate friends. Jose Mercado - passport name used by Rizal in order to avoid interrogation by the Spaniards. May 3, 1882, Rizal first left the Philippines to Spain, he departed on board the Spanish steamer Salvadora bound for Singapore. Before his departure, he scribbled farewell letters to his parents and his sweetheart Leonor Rivera. The kind (Ateneo) Jesuit priests gave him letters of recommendation to the members of their Society in Barcelona.  Who approved his departure? Paciano Neneng or Saturnina Uncle Antonio Paciano (Father of Leonor) Valenzuela family Pedro A. Paterno Compadre Mateo Evangelista Ateneo Jesuit fathers/priest Some intimate friends including Chengoy (Jose M. Cecilio)  RIZAL’S SECRET MISSION to observe keenly the life and culture, languages and customs, industries and commerce, and governments and laws of the European nations in order to prepare himself in the mighty task of freeing his fellow-men. “the search for the common good” This Rizalian secret mission was likewise disclosed by Paciano in his letter to his younger brother dated Manila, May 20,1882. To Barcelona and Madrid BARCELONA June 16, 1882 – Rizal reached Barcelona, the greatest city of Cataluña and Spain’s 2nd largest city. Rizal’s first impression on Barcelona: ugly, with dirty little inns and inhospitable residents. Second impression: a great city, with an atmosphere of freedom and liberalism, and its people were open-hearted, hospitable, and courageous Most of his time was spent writing letters to his family and friends. He also wrote nationalistic articles “Love of Country” (Amor Patria) which was well liked by his countrymen and “Travels” (Los Viajes) were specially written for Diariong Tagalog at Manila.  El Amor Patrio (Love of Country) Rizal wrote a nationalistic essay entitled “Amor Patrio” which was his first written article on Spain’s soil. Under his pen-name Laong Laan. He sent his article to his friend in Manila, Basilio Teodor Moran, a publisher of Diariong Tagalog. Appeared on the newspaper on August 20, 1882, with tagalong version translated by M.H.Del Pilar. It expresses his deep love for his country, the Philippines, and reflects on various aspects of Filipino society. Manila Moves To Madrid September 15, 1882 – Rizal received a letter from Paciano. According to the letter, cholera was ravaging Manila and the provinces. Another sad news from Chengoy (Jose M. Cecilio, intimate friend), Leonora Rivera began to be unhappy because of the absence of Rizal. May 26, 1882 - Paciano encouraged Rizal to complete his clinical course in Madrid, consequently, Rizal set up himself in Madrid.  Life in Madrid November 3, 1882 - he enrolled in the Universidad Central de Madrid (Central University of Madrid) : Medicine : Philosophy and Letters He studied painting and sculpture in the Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando Took lessons in French, German, and English under private instructor and practiced fencing and shooting in the Hall of Arms of Sanz y Carbonell. On Saturday evenings, he visited the home of Don Pablo Ortiga Rey, the former city mayor of Manila Romance with Consuelo Ortiga y Perez August 22, 1883- He wrote a poem entitled “A La Senorita C.O.y P” in his poem he expressed his admiration for her The members of the association requested Rizal to write them a poem entitled “ Me Piden Versos”. Rizal and the Masonry Why Rizal joined Masonry? Mason, social group of highly distinguished individual with a political stand who has a heart for the betterment of his fellowman to build and construct something. The writing of James Baldwin In March 1883, Rizal joined the Masonic lodge called Acacia in Madrid. Rizal was exposed to liberal ideas and cultural influences such as individual freedom Later on, he transferred to Lodge Solidaridad (Madrid) where he became a Master Mason on November 15, 1890. February 15, 1892 - he was awarded the diploma as Master Mason by Le Grand Orient de France in Paris His only masonic writing was a lecture entitled Science, Virtue and Labor which he delivered in 1889. The Publishing of the Noli Me Tangere The Idea of Writing the Noli Me Tangere Inspired by “Uncle Tom's Cabin” by Harriet Beecher Stowe's, which portrays the brutalities of American slave-owners and the pathetic conditions of the unfortunate Negro slaves. January 2, 1884, Rizal proposed the writing of a novel about the Philippines by a group of Filipinos. His proposal was unanimously approved by those present, among whom were the Paternos (Pedro, Maximino, and Antonio), Graciano Lopez Jaena, Evaristo Aguirre, Eduardo de Lete, Julio Llorente, Melecio Figueroa, and Valentin Ventura. The novel was designed to cover all phases of Philippine life. Undaunted by his friends' indifference, he determined to write the novel - alone. The Title of the Novel The title Noli Me Tangere is a Latin phrase which means "Touch Me Not." It is not originally conceived by Rizal, for he admitted taking it from the Bible. Rizal, writing to Felix R. Hidaldo in French on March 5, 1887, said: "Noli Me Tangere, words taken from the Gospel of Saint Luke " signify "do not touch me”. Gospel of St. John (Chap. 20, Ver. 13 -17) "Touch me not; I am not yet ascended to my Father, but go to my brethren, and say unto them, I ascend unto my Father, and your Father; and to my God and your God." The Writing of the Novel Toward the end of 1884, Rizal began writing the novel in Madrid and finished about one-half of it. He wrote the last few chapters of the Noli in Wilhelmsfeld in April-June, 1886. February 1886. Rizal made the final revisions on the manuscript of the Noli. Years later he told Fernando Canon: "I did not believe that the Noli Me Tangere would ever be published when I was in Berlin, broken-hearted, weakened, and discouraged from hunger and deprivation. I was on the point of throwing my work into the fire as a thing accursed and fit only to die." The Author’s Dedication Recorded in the history of human sufferings is a cancer so malignant a character that the least touch irritates it and awakens in it the sharpest pains. Thus, how many times, when in the midst of modern civilizations I have wished to call thee before me, now to accompany me in memories, now to compare thee with other countries, hath thy dear image presented itself showing a social cancer like to that other! Desiring thy welfare which is our own, and seeking the best treatment, I will do with thee what the ancients did with their sick, exposing them on the steps of the temple so that every one who came to invoke the Divinity might offer them a remedy. And to this end, I will strive to reproduce thy condition faithfully, without discriminations; I will raise a part of the veil that covers the evil, sacrificing to truth everything, even vanity itself, since, as thy son I am conscious that I also suffer from thy defects and weaknesses. The Printing of the Novel On March 21, 1887, the Noli Me Tangere came off the Rizal immediately sent the first copies of the printed novel press. to his intimate friends, including Blumentritt, Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor, Lopez Jaena, Mariano Ponce, and Felix R. Hidalgo. On March 29, 1887, Rizal, in token of his appreciation and gratitude, gave Viola the galley proofs of the Noli carefully rolled around the pen that he used in writing it and a complimentary copy, with the following inscription: "To my dear friend, Maximo Viola, the first to read and appreciate my work - Jose Rizal." The Summary of the Novel The novel tells the story of Don Crisóstomo Ibarra, a young man of Filipino and Spanish descent who returns to the Philippines after a seven-year trip to Europe. Upon his return, and because he is now old enough to better understand the world, Ibarra sees the oppression wrought on the Indigenous population by Spanish colonialism. As Ibarra attempts to do something about this, he finds himself confronting forces that view him as a direct threat to their power—and who will do whatever it takes to retain it. Noli Me Tángere is predominantly narrated in the third person, with occasional shifts to first-person plural. The narrative follows a generally linear plot with occasional shifts that provide historical context. It also tends toward the satirical, especially when the narrator describes members of the wealthy ruling class. At times, the novel depicts the brutality of oppression realistically, hence it is sometimes graphic. The Noli Me Tangere based on Truth The places, the characters, and the situations really existed. "The facts I said Rizal, "are all true and have happened; I narrate there, can prove them.” Maria Clara was Leonor Rivera, although in real life she became unfaithful, unlike the heroine of the novel, and married an Englishman. Ibarra and Elias represented Rizal himself. Tasio the philosopher was his elder brother, Paciano. Padre Salvi was identified by Rizalists as Padre Antonio Piernavieja, the hated Augustinian friar in Cavite who was killed by the patriots during the Revolution. Capitan Tiago was Capitan Hilario Sunico of San Nicolas. Doña Victorina was Doña Agustina Medel. Padre Damaso was typical of a domineering friar during the days of Rizal, who was arrogant, immoral, and anti-Filipino. The two brothers Basilio and Crispin were the Crisostomo brothers of Hagonoy. Rizal Suspected as “French Spy” One morning the chief of police Berlin paid a sudden visit to Rizal's boarding house and requested to see the latter's passport. Unfortunately, Rizal could not produce a passport. Immediately, Rizal, accompanied by Viola went to the Spanish embassy to seek the help of the Spanish ambassador, the Count of Benomar, who promised to attend to the matter. At the expiration of the four-day ultimatum, Rizal presented himself at the office of the German police chief, apologizing for his failure to obtain a passport and politely asked the latter why he was to be deported when he had not committed any crime. Favorably impressed Rizal's explanation and fascinated by his mastery of the German language and personal charisma, the police chief was satisfied and allowed him to stay freely in Germany. Viola: Savior of the Noli Me Tangere Rizal receive a telegram for Dr. Maximo Viola informing that he is coming to visit in Berlin. Viola arrive in Berlin shortly before Christmas Day of 1886 He was shocked to find Rizal living in poverty and deplorably sick due to lack of nourishment He lend some funds to finance the printing of Noli and loaned some money to Rizal for living expenses. Missing Chapter of the Novel To save printing expenses Rizal deleted some passages from his manuscript including the whole chapter of Elias and Solome. February 21, 1887 - the novel is finished and ready for printing. Rizal and Viola managed to find a cheap printing shop "Berliner BuchDruckrei-Action-Gesselschaft” charging them only 300 pesos for 2000 copies of the novel. Missing Chapter of the Novel Rizal’s Friends Praise the Noli The friends of Rizal hailed the novel, while the enemies condemned it Of the numerous congratulatory letters received by Rizal from his friends about the Noli, that from Blumentrit was significant. He says " As we German say written with the blood of the heart and so the heart also speak" In London Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor, Filipino patriot and lawyer who had been exiled due to his complicity in the Cavite Mutinity of 1872 read the Noli and was very impressed The Tour of Europe with Dr. Viola The Tour Begins At dawn May 11, 1887 Viola and Rizal left Berlin by train According to Viola, the luggage of Rizal included all the letter Rizal received from his family and friends. Dresden One of the most popular cities in Germany Rizal studied botany He visited Dr. Rudolph B Meyer He was deeply impressed by a painting of “Prometheus Bound” Dresden Teschen Now Decin, Czechoslovakia Rizal and Viola’s next destination First Meeting with Blumentritt At 1:30 pm of May 13, 1887 Rizal and Viola arrived at the railroad station of Leitmeritz, Bohemia. professor Blumentritt, who received their wire was at the station. He was carrying a pencil sketch of Rizal which the latter had previously sent to him, so that he could recognize his Filipino friend. The two great scholar Rizal and Blumentritt greeted each other in fluent German. Blumentritt was a kind-hearted, old Austrian professor. upon seeing the talented Rizal for the first time, he immediately took him into heart, loving him as a son. Professor Blumentritt, the genial host, helped Rizal and Viola get a room at Hotel Krebs, after which he brought them to his home and introduced them to his wife and family. They stayed at leitmeritz from May 13 to May 16, 1887 Beautiful Memories of Lietmeritz Rizal had a beautiful memories of his visit to Leitmeritz. He enjoyed the warm hospitality of the Blumentritt family. Rizal Painted a portrait of the kind professor and give it to Blumentritt. They went to a beer garden in Bohemia They attended a meeting of the Tourist's Club of Leitmeritz He met Dr. Carlos Czelpelak, a polish scholar He was introduced to Prof. Robert Klutschak a well-known scholar Last night in Leitmeritz, they proposed a dinner to Blumentritt's family at their hotel May 16 ,1887 they left Leitmeritz by train Prague Capital City of Czech Republic Blumentritt's recommendation Dr. Willkomm - professor of natural history in the University of Prague  Prague’s Historic spots: Tomb of Copernicus Bacteriological Laboratories Museum of natural History – the famous astronomer  Cave - where San Juan Charle's Bridge - from which the saint Nepomuceno the catholic saint was hurled into the river was imprisoned Brunn - "nothing of importance happened" in this city according to Viola Vienna Capital of Austria-Hungary Arrived on May 20, 1887 “Queen of the Danube" Fascinated Rizal because of its beautiful buildings, religious images, haunting waltzes and majestic charm. Norfenfals ⮚ one of the greatest Austrian novelists in Europe during that time ⮚ spoke highly of Rizal, “whose genius he so much admired” Vienna Received his lost diamond stickpin which was found in Hotel Krebs Stayed in Hotel Metropole Churches, museums, art galleries, theaters, public parks Austrian scholars: Masner and Nordmann Left May 24, 1887 Danubian voyage to Lintz On May 24, Rizal and Viola rode a river boat to see Danube River Rizal observed the river sights such as: ⮚ Barges loaded with product ⮚ Flowers and plants growing along the riverbanks ⮚ Boats with families living on them ⮚ Quaint villages on the riversides Paper napkins were “more hygienic and economical than cloth napkins” –Viola Danubian Voyage to Lintz DANUBE Europe's second-longest river Longest river in the European Union region It is located in Central and Eastern Europe From Lintz to Rheinfall The river trip ended in Lintz They traveled overland to Salzburg From Salzburg to Munich ⮚ They stopped for a while to taste the famous Munich beer, reputed to be the best in Germany From Lintz to Rheinfall From Munich, they went to Nuremberg ⮚ One of the oldest cities of Germany ⮚ Rizal and Viola saw the horrible torture machines used by the Inquisition. ⮚ They were impressed by the manufacture of dolls which was the biggest industry in the city From Lintz to Rheinfall Rizal and Viola visited Ulm ⮚ The cathedral of this city was “the largest and tallest in all Germany” Stuttgart, Baden and Rheinfall In the Rheinfall, Rizal and Viola saw the waterfall, “the most beautiful waterfall in Europe” ⮚ Rheinfall or Cascade of the Rhine ⮚ Rheinfall is the largest plain waterfall in Europe Crossing the Frontier to Switzerland From Rheinfall, they crossed the frontier to Schaffhausen, Switzerland They stayed from June 2 to 3, 1887 They continued the tour to Basel, Bern, and Lausanne. Geneva Rizal and viola went to Geneva by a little boat, crossing the foggy leman lake. Rizal and Viola went boating on the lake. June 19, 1887 - Rizal treated Viola to a blow-out. June 23 1887 - Rizal and Viola parted ways. Rizal Resents Exhibition of Igorots in 1887 Madrid Exposition Exhibition of Philippines held in Madrid. Received sad news from his friends in Madrid of the conditions of the primitive Igorots exhibited in the exposition. June 6, 1887 – Dr. Jose Rizal sent a letter to his friend Ferdinand Blumentritt. June 19, 1887 – Rizal sent another letter to Ferdinand Blumentritt saying that he was in favor of holding an exposition but not an exhibition of odd individuals. Rizal Resents Exhibition of Igorots in 1887 Madrid Exposition “I have worked hard against this degradation of my fellow Filipinos that they should not be exhibited among the animals and plants! But I was helpless. One woman has just died of pneumonia … and the newspaper El Resumen has made a smutty wisecrack about it! And La Correspondencia de España even says ‘The Filipino colony in Madrid is enjoying the most perfect health; up to the present, no more than two or three have fallen ill of colds and bronchitis.’ I need hardly comment on this. “I would rather that they all got sick and died so they would suffer no more. Let the Philippines forget that her sons have been treated like this — to be exhibited and ridiculed.” Rizal in Italy Rizal visited Turin, Milan, Venice, And Florence June 27, 1887 ⮚ Dr. Jose Rizal arrived at Rome. ⮚ Goes on a tour around Rome. ⮚ Sends letter to Ferdinand Blumentritt, describing the “grandeur that was Rome” June 29, 1887 ⮚ Feast Day of St. Peter and St. Paul ⮚ Visits Vatican, “City of the Popes” and the capital of Christendom. ⮚ Rizal returned to hotel, he wrote to Blumentritt “I am tired as dog, but I will sleep as a God” Rizal prepared and had already written letter to his father announcing his return to the Philippines. Thank You!