Rizal Chapter 1 PDF

RIZAL: CHAPTER 1 THE BIRTH OF RIZAL LAW - “Under XIV (5) of the constitution, it was competent for the State to require the reading...

RIZAL: CHAPTER 1 THE BIRTH OF RIZAL LAW - “Under XIV (5) of the constitution, it was competent for the State to require the reading of Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo in our  EDUCATION public and private schools. The sole object of the Rizal bill was to foster the better appreciation of - after world war ll, the people saw the need to rebuild Rizal’s times and the role he played in the Filipino identity which was equally affected by the combatting Spanish tyranny in this country war. Education became the primary weapon of - asserted, “Rizal did not pretend to teach reorientation while prioritizing the youth as the bearers religion or theology when he wrote those books. of country’s future I aim at inculcating civic consciousness in the Filipinos, national dignity, personal pride, and  1951 patriotism”  PHILIPPINES  SENATE BILL 438 - entered into a mutual defense - An act to make Noli Me Tangere and El agreement with the US and joined the Filibusterismo compulsory reading Southeast Asia Treaty Organization matter (SEATO) in all public and private colleges and universities and for other purposes  UNITED PARTY RIGHTS - enshrined in the Philippines  SECTION 1 - allowed the Americans to exploit the country’s natural - it declares that Jose Rizal’s NOLIE ME resources TANGERE and EL FILIBUSTERISMO are compulsory reading matter in all public and private schools, colleges, and  1956 universities in the Philippines  LAUREL-LANGLEY AGREEMENT  SECTION 2 - through this, American products freely entered - this section provides that NOLI ME the Philippine market. As a consequence, the TANGERE and EL FILIBUSTERISMO shall Filipinos developed a stronger preference for be in their original editions or in their American goods unexpurgated English and National Language versions  CLARO M. RECTO  JOSE PACIANO LAUREL, PLH - filed a bill which became the original Rizal Bill, - sponsored the bill calling for a return to patriotic values articulated - filed a compromise bill and it was based on the by Filipino heroes like Jose Rizal proposal of Senators Roseller Lim and - the ORIGINAL AUTHOR OF THE BILL Emmanuel Pelaez - dared the Catholic Church to shut down their - “ The object of the measure was to disseminate schools when the they opposed the bill, knowing the ideas and ideals of the great Filipino patriot that it was only a futile threat since the CATHOLIC through the readings of his works, particularly LEARNING INSTI. WERE ITS MAJOR SOURCE OF Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo” INCOME - rejected Senator’s Rodrigo’s suggestion  MAY 9, 1956 INTENTIONS/REASONS OF THE PERSONS WHO - proposed an amendment by substitution PUSHED FOR THE APPROVAL OF RIZAL BILL  THE AMENDMENTS a) There is a need for a rededication to the ideals of freedom and nationalism for which our heroes lived and died a) An Act to include in the curricula of all public b) There is a need to remember with special fondness and private schools, colleges and universities and devotion to the lives and works of heroes who courses on the life, works and writings of Jose shaped the national character Rizal, particularly his novels, Noli Me Tangere c) The life, works and writings of Dr. Jose Rizal and El Filibusterismo, authorizing the printing particularly, his novels Noli MeTangere and El and distribution thereof, and for purposes Filibusterismo are constant and inspiring source of patriotism with which the minds of the youth, b) The life, works, and writing of Rizal particularly especially during their formative and decisive years his novels Noli Me Tangere and El in school, should be suffused. Filibusterismo, are a constant and inspiring d) There is a need to develop moral character, source of patriotism with which the mind of personal discipline, civic conscience and to teach the youth, especially during their formative the duties of citizenship. and decisive years in school, should suffused NOTABLE PERSONS WHO TRIED TO BLOCK THE  SECTION 1 SENATE BILL APPROVAL - it declares that courses in the life, works, and writings of Jose Rizal particularly his novels Noli Me Tangere and El 1) SEN. DECOROSO ROSALES Filibusterismo, shall be included in the - brother of Archbishop (Cardinal Rosales) curricula of all schools, colleges and universities, public or private, provided, 2) FRANCISCO “SOC” RODRIGO that in the collegiate courses, the original or unexpurgated editions of the - President of Catholic Action of the Philippines Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo or -averred that he forbids his teenage son read the novels their English translations shall be used because it might endanger his Catholic faith as a basic texts - opposed that the footnoted or annotated versions of the novels can be used instead of the unexpurgated  MAY 12, 1956 versions required in the Recto Bill - the substituted measure was approved 3) SEN. MARIANO CUENCO - brother of Archbishop Cuenco 4) JESUS PAREDES - radio commentator - said that the novels contain objectionable matters and Catholics has the right to refuse to read them, so as not to endager their faith 5) FR. JESUS CAVANA - member of the Paulist Order who wrote a pastoral letter - commented that Rizal novels belonged to the past and it would be harmful to read them because they presented a false picture of the conditions of the authorizing the printing and distribution thereof, country at the time and for purposes - aims and desires to re-establish that the Filipino 6) THE FRIARS themselves be imbued with the principles of freedom and a sense of nationalism.  CATHOLIC CHURCH - rationale: perpetuate the hero’s death and - did not welcome the issuance of the bill sacrifices - assailed that the RIzal Bill (Senate Bill 438) is anti-Church - also aims to: - feared that the religious belief of the young students would be harmed by reading Rizal’s works containing a) Honor the heroes particularly Dr. Jose Rizal religious overtones which would violate their and to remind us of his sacrifices and his constitutional freedom of religion and conscience two novels that paved the way to - went as far as exhorting all Catholic voters not to nationalism and patriotism of the entire support all lawmakers in favor of Recto’s Rizal Bill country; and b) Cultivate and inculcate among the  PASTORAL LETTERS students in all schools the character - were read in masses expressing the Catholic development, self-discipline, civic Church opposition to the said bill consciousness, and to teach the duties of citizenship which became the primary  BISHOPS reasons for the enactment of the law for reforms and changes - threatened to close down Catholic Schools if the bill was approved SALIENT POINTS OF RIZAL LAW MAIN ARGUMENT AGAINST THE BILL a) Courses on the life, works and writings of Dr. Jose Rizal, particularly the novels Noli Me Tangere and 1. The two novels contained views inimical to the El Filibusterismo, shall be included in the curricula tenets of their faith of all schools, colleges and universities, public and 2. The compulsory nature of the bill as violate of private religious freedom b) It obliged all schools, colleges and universities to keep in their libraries adequate number of copies of RIZAL LAW (REPUBLIC ACT 1425) the original or unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo as well as Rizal's  JUNE 12, 1956 other works and biography. c) It authorized and directed the Board of National  PRES. RAMON MAGSAYSAY Education to work for the translation of Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo as well as - signed the bill and became Republic Act No. other writings of Dr. Jose Rizal into English, Tagalog 1425 and other principal dialects and their printing in cheap or popular editions and their circulation  RIZAL LAW (REPUBLIC ACT 1425) IMPORTANT ISSUANCES RELATIVE TO THE - a Philippine law that mandates all educational institutions in the Philippines to offer courses IMPLEMENTATION OF RIZAL LAW about José Rizal. - It is an Act to include in the curricula of all  DECEMBER 26, 1994 public and private schools, colleges and universities courses on the life, works and  MEMORANDUM ORDER 247 writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his novels, Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, - PRESIDENT RAMOS directed DECS and CHED to immediately and fully implement R.A.1425  FEBRUARY 15, 1996  WILLIAM HENRY SCOTT - Pangangayaw was done because of:  MEMORANDUM ORDER 6 a) To secure resources, ranging from the - CHED ordered all universities to offer Rizal occasional use goods or bounty to course as a separate three-unit course fully and human slaves immediately b) To avenge a personal affront or family honor RIZAL: A LEGISLATED AND MANDATED COURSE c) To fulfil mourning requirements to which the life of enemies must be  LEGISLATED - it is founded on Republic Act 1425 sacrificed (Rizal Law) d) For personal prominence or  MANDATED - it is ordered by Presidential mercenary reward Memorandum Order 247 and CHED Memorandum Order 6.  BAYANI - Filipino concept of a hero A HERO IN FILIPINO CULTURE AND HISTORY - exerts efforts together with his/her comrades in the community - root word: bayan (community/town/nation)  HERO - more often than not a true KAWANI or Lingkod-bayan (community servant) who possessed the following values  MERRIAM-WEBSTER DICTIONARY of Filipino-bayani: - is mythological or legendary figure often of 1) who render his or her help to those in need in divine descent endowed with great strength or the community without counting the cost. ability, an illustrious warrior, a person admired ( Charitable, Do good deeds not to earn praises for achievements and noble qualities, and one & not asking anything in return) who always shows great courage 2) maintain peace and order. ( Value of Justice, Personal Discipline, Sense of Unity)  OXFORD DICTIONARY 3) Bayanihan (Cooperation) - a person who is admired or idealized for courage, outstanding achievements or noble 4) ipabayani (free labor offered to/by someone) qualities True act of kindness  MYTHOLOGY  ICONIC PHYSICAL FEATURES OF FILIPINO BAYANI “HERO” - Hero is someone who has eminent ability and courage, someone who performs good deeds for a) TATTOO used as the protection of kaluluwa (soul) of the benefit of others and usually work alone. a Bayani  IN EARLY PHILIPPINE SOCIETIES b) KRIS/KAMPILAN (weapon) - normal warrior of the community doing c) PUTONG (HEADGEAR) & OTHER GARMENTS “PANGANGAYAW” to satisfy the needs of his COLORED RED community  PEDRO SERRANO LAKTAW  PANGANGAYAW - elaborates the personality of a Bayani: - (raiding into unallied territory) to a) A PERSON WHO FEARS NO ONE (WALANG satisfy the needs of his community. TAKOT) - pakikipaglaban at pagpugot sa ulo ng b) COURAGEOUS (MATAPANG) kanilang mga kaaway. c) FIRM (MATIBAY) d) BOLD (MAPANGAHAS)  e) CALM (MAHINAHON). FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE CHANGES IN THE CHARACTERISTICS OF FILIPINO NATIONAL HEROES COMMITTEE BAYANI  NATIONAL HISTORICAL COMMISSION OF THE  SPANISH PERIOD PHILIPPINES (NHCP)- CRITERIA FOR RECOGNIZING HEROES - instead of living role model, the Spaniards had introduced the image of Bayani must be based on the image of obedience of Saints and disciples whom the a) ONOFRE D. CORPUZ Filipinos must imitate in order to become good colonials 1) Those who have a concept of nation and thereafter  VIDA SANCTI aspire and struggle for the nation’s freedom 2) Those who define and contribute to a system of life - lives of dead saints became the foundation of of freedom and order for a nation good qualities of life. 3) Those who contribute to the quality of life and  DOCTRINA CHRISTIANA destiny of a nation - prayers became of faith. b) ALFREDO LAGMAY (1995)  AMERICAN PERIOD 1) A part of the people’s expression - Hero- worshipping of American soldiers who died 2) Person who thinks of the future, especially the during the Phi-American War. future generations 3) The choice of a hero involves not only the SELECTION AND PROCLAMATION OF NATIONAL recounting of an episode or events in history, but of HEROES the entire process that made this particular person a hero  MARCH 28, 1993 HISTORICAL FIGURES RECOMMENDED AS  PRES. FIDEL V. RAMOS NATIONAL HEROES - issued EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 75 “ creating the 1) Jose P Rizal National Heroes Committee” under the Office of 2) Andres Bonifacio the President. 3) Emilio Aguinaldo 4) Apolinario Mabini  NATIONAL HEROES COMMITTEE 5) Marcelo H. del Pilar 6) Sultan Dipatuan Kudarat - The principal duty of the Committee is 7) Juan Luna to study, evaluate and recommend 8) Melchora Aquino Filipino national personages/heroes in 9) Gabriela Silang due recognition of their sterling 10) Benigno “Noynoy” Aquino Sr. character and remarkable achievements 11) Corazon Aquino for the country. 12) Others  STATUS OF THE REPORT/RECOMMENDATIONS  CRITERIA USED IN THE SELECTION OF A SUBMITTED BY THE NATIONAL HEROES “NATIONAL” HERO: COMMITTEE 1) Not violent and militant if possible 2) Prefer peaceful means like education;  NOVEMBER 22, 1995 a hero who had no qualms on Americal Imperialism; and 3) A hero who is already dead  SECRETARY RICARDO T. GLORIA - Secretary of Department of Education and  WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT (1901) Sports - President of the Second Philippine Commission - Recommendations of Heroes by the National - chosen Rizal to model the kind of nationalism Heroes Committee to then Secretary Ricardo T. conceived and propagated by the American Gloria (Department of Education and Sports) on colonial government November 22, 1995 – NO ACTION HAS BEEN TAKEN because:  AMERICAN REGIME 1. It can trigger a flood of request for proclamations - there was no actual law, however, that explicitly 2. It can trigger bitter debates involving declared Rizal the official hero of the country historical controversies about the heroes.  STEPS MADE TO PROMOTE HIS HEROISM: LAWS HONORING/COMMEMORATING FILIPINO HISTORICAL FIGURES 1. Creation of Rizal province 2. Erection of Rizal monument 3. Declaratio of Rizal Day on December  JOSE RIZAL (QUINTESSENTIAL) 30 as a public holiday  DECREE OF DECEMBER 30, 1898  ANDRES BONIFACIO  GEN. EMILIO AGUINALDO  FEBRUARY 16, 1921 - declared DECEMBER 30 of every year a day of National Mourning in honor of Dr.  ACT NO. 2946 Rizal and other victims of the Phil - enacted by the Phil Legislature Revolution. - made NOVEMBER 30 each year a legal holiday to commemorate the birth of  ACT NO 137 Andres Bonifacio - organized the politico-military district of Morong into the Province of Rizal, first official  FEBRUARY 23, 1918 step taken by the Taft Commission to honor Dr. Rizal  ACT NO. 2760  RIZAL AS A HERO OF THE FILIPINO YOUTH - confirmed and ratified all steps taken for the creation, maintenance, improvement of national monuments  RIZAL AS A HERO APPOINTED BY THE and particularly for the erection of a AMERICANS monument to the memory of Andres Bonifacio - Americans made Rizal the “national” hero of the Philippines and that is why RIzal is said to be an American-sponsored hero  OTHER HEROES  SEPTEMBER 1, 1994  OCTOBER 28, 1931  R.A. NO. 7805 - declaring JANUARY 28 OF EVERY YEAR  ACT NO. 3827 as non-working special public holiday in - declared the LAST SATURDAY OF the City of Cavite to be known as Julian AUGUST of every year as National Felipe Day. Heroes Day.  MARCH 4, 1992  NOVEMBER 30, 1994  R.A. NO. 7825  PRESIDENT RAMOS - declaring FEBRUARY 19 OF EACH YEAR as Dona Aurora Aragon Quezon Day, a  PROCLAMATION NO. 510 special non-working holiday in the Province of Aurora in order to - declared the YEAR 1996 as the year of commemorate the birth anniversary of Filipino Heroes as a tribute to all Filipinos Dona Aurora Aragon Quezon, the first who directly and indirectly, gave meaning President of the Phil. National Red Cross and impetus to the cause of freedom, and Foundation Day of the Province. justice. Philippine independence and nationhood  MARCH 25, 1996  APRIL 8, 2001  R.A. NO. 7950  R.A. NO. 9070 - declaring DECEMBER 18 OF EVERY YEAr as “Araw ng Laguna” and a special - declaring the EIGHTEENTH OF working day in the Province of Laguna DECEMBER OF EVERY YEAR as a special and the City of San Pablo to working public holiday throughout the commemorate the memory and death of country to be known as the Graciano the late Governor Felicisimo T. San Luis Lopez-Jaena Day.  APRIL 8, 2001  OTHER HISTORICAL FIGURES  R.A. NO. 9067  FEBRUARY 10, 1989 - declaring APRIL 15 OF EVERY YEAR as President Manuel A Roxas Day which  R.A. NO. 6701 shall be observed as a special working public holiday in the Province of Capiz - declaring SEPTEMBER 1 OF EVERY YEAR, and the City of Roxas. the death anniversary of Gregorio Aglipay y Labayan as Gregorio L Aglipay Day and a special non-working holiday in the Municipality of Batac, Province of Ilocos Norte.