Global Demography - Module 5 PDF

**Module 5** **The Global Demography** 1. 2. 3. 7 Billion and Counting: Roger-Mark on Global Population Concerns at Future of Nature Forum Population used to be viewed as a social responsibility. Today, many nations deal with it as an economic challenge. It is in this light that studying dem...

**Module 5** **The Global Demography** 1. 2. 3. 7 Billion and Counting: Roger-Mark on Global Population Concerns at Future of Nature Forum Population used to be viewed as a social responsibility. Today, many nations deal with it as an economic challenge. It is in this light that studying demography is important. Demography is the scientific study of human populations primarily with respect to their size, their structure and their development. Hence, global demography is the study of the global human population. **The Risks of Overpopulation**  1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. **Important Terms in Studying Global Demography** **Age Structure**- the proportion of the total population in each age group. **Age-Sex Structure**- the composition of a population as determined by the number or proportion of males and females in each age category. The age-sex structure of a population is the cumulative result of past trends in fertility, mortality, and migration. **Aging of Population**- a process in which the proportions of adults and elderly increase in a population, while the proportions of children and adolescents decrease. This process results in a rise in the median age of the population. Aging occurs when fertility rates decline while life expectancy remains constant or improves at the older ages. **Antinatalist Policy-** the policy of a government, society, or social group to slow population growth by attempting to limit the number of births. **Baby Boom**- dramatic increase in fertility rates and in the absolute number of births in the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand during the period following World War II (1947-1961). **Baby Bust**- a rapid decline in U.S. fertility rates to record-low levels during the period immediately after the baby boom. **Birth Rate** (or crude birth rate)- the number of live births per 1,000 population in a given year. **Carrying Capacity**- the maximum sustainable size of a resident population in a given ecosystem. **Case Fatality Rate**- the proportion of persons contracting a disease who die from it during a specified time period. **Case Rate**- the number of reported cases of a specific disease per 100,000 population in a given year. **Cause**- specific Death Rate The number of deaths attributable to a specific cause per 100,000 population in a given year. **Childbearing Years**- the reproductive age span of women, assumed for statistical purposes to be 15-44 or 15-49 years of age. **Cohort**- a group of people sharing a common temporal demographic experience who are observed through time. **Consensual Union**- cohabitation by an unmarried couple for an extended period of time. Although such unions may be quite stable, they are not regarded as legal marriages in official statistics. **Death Rate** (or crude death rate)- the number of deaths per 1,000 population in a given year. **Demographic Transition**- the historical shift of birth and death rates from high to low levels in a population. The mortality decline usually precedes the fertility decline, resulting in rapid population growth during the transition period. **Dependency Ratio**- the ratio of people in a dependent age group (those under age 15 or ages 65 and older) to those in the economically productive age group (ages 15 to 64) of a population. For instance, a child dependency ratio of 0.45 means there are 45 children for every 100 working-age adults. **Depopulation**- the state of population decline. **Emigration**- the process of leaving one country to take up permanent or semi permanent residence in another. **Fecundity**- the physiological capacity of a woman to produce a child. **Fertility**- the actual reproductive performance of an individual, a couple, a group, or a population. **High Child Dependency**- high fertility and relatively high mortality contribute to a large young population and a small old-age population. **Immigration**- the process of entering one country from another to take up permanent or semipermanent residence. **Infant Mortality Rate**- the number of deaths of infants under age 1 per 1,000 live births in a given year. **Life Expectancy**- the average number of additional years a person could expect to live if current mortality trends were to continue for the rest of that person's life. Most commonly cited as life expectancy at birth. **Marriage Rate** (or crude marriage rate)- the number of marriages per 1,000 population in a given year. **Migration**- the movement of people across a specified boundary for the purpose of establishing a new or semi permanent residence. Divided into international migration (migration between countries) and internal migration (migration within a country). **Mortality**- deaths as a component of population change. **Natality**- births as a component of population change. **Neonatal Mortality Rate**- the number of deaths to infants under 28 days of age in a given year per 1,000 live births in that year. **Population Density**- population per unit of land area; for example, people per square mile or people per square kilometer of arable land. **Population Distribution**- the patterns of settlement and dispersal of a population. **Pronatalist Policy**- the policy of a government, society, or social group to increase population growth by attempting to raise the number of births. **"Push-Pull" Hypothesis**- a migration theory that suggests that circumstances at the place of origin (such as poverty and unemployment) repel or push people out of that place to other places that exert a positive attraction or pull (such as a high standard of living or job opportunities). **Reproductive Health**- a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, in all matters relating to the reproductive system and to its functions and processes. **Sex Ratio**- the number of males per 100 females in a population. **Survival Rate**- the proportion of persons in a specified group (age, sex, or health status) alive at the beginning of an interval (such as a five-year period) who survive to the end of the interval. **Zero Population Growth**- a population in equilibrium, with a growth rate of zero, achieved when births plus immigration equal deaths plus emigration. **Sustainability and Sustainable Development** Lobo, J., Ambida, M., Maliban, N., Mesinas, M., 2019, The Contemporary World Books Atbp Publishing Corporation Internet: countries.aspx [[https://www.eartheclipse.com/environment/problems-of-overpopulation.html]](https://www.eartheclipse.com/environment/problems-of-overpopulation.html) https://www.prb.org/glossary/ Name: --------------------- Course and Section: