Summary of Week #6 PDF

“Era of Good Feelings” Growth Area Louisiana Purchase (1803) $600,000,000,000 $15,000,000 Louisiana Purchase Lewis & Clark The expedition party of forty-five people included Lewis, Clark, twenty-seven unmarried soldiers, a French-Indian interpreter, a contracted boat crew and an enslaved man owned b...

“Era of Good Feelings” Growth Area Louisiana Purchase (1803) $600,000,000,000 $15,000,000 Louisiana Purchase Lewis & Clark The expedition party of forty-five people included Lewis, Clark, twenty-seven unmarried soldiers, a French-Indian interpreter, a contracted boat crew and an enslaved man owned by Clark named York. York York was the first African American to cross North America to reach the Pacific. He experienced freedoms on the expedition that few enslaved people had, though these freedoms would be revoked upon his return to the Clark plantation. Sacagawea While in what is now North Dakota, Lewis and Clark met French-Canadian trapper Toussaint Charbonneau and hired him as an interpreter. They allowed his pregnant Shoshone Indian wife, Sacagawea, to join him on the expedition. Her skills as a translator were invaluable, as was her intimate knowledge of some difficult terrain. Perhaps most significant was her calming presence on both the expeditioners and the American Indians they encountered, who might have otherwise been hostile to the strangers. Lewis & Clark Lewis & Clark The approximately 8,000-mile journey was deemed a huge success and provided new geographic, ecological and social information about previously uncharted areas of North America. Clark, having seen prairie dogs for the first time wrote: “Animals are about the Size of a Small Squrel... & thicker, the head much resembling a Squirel in every respect, except the ears which is Shorter, his tail like a ground Squirel which thy Shake & whistle when allarmd.” Lewis & Clark Growth Area Population Population White Enslaved African American 1790: 3,929,214 1840: 17,063,353 1790: 698,000 1840: 2,487,355 Growth Area Population Inventiveness Eli Whitney Cotton Gin Cotton and Expansion Cotton could be produced plentifully and cheaply for domestic use (especially in New England’s textile mills) and for export to Europe. Three-fourths of the world’s cotton supply came from the southern United States. Throughout the world, hundreds of thousands of workers loaded, unloaded, spun, and wove cotton, and thousands of manufacturers and merchants owed their wealth to the cotton trade. Textile manufacturers in places as far-flung as Massachusetts, Lancashire in Great Britain, Normandy in France, and the suburbs of Moscow depended on a regular supply of American cotton. Cotton and Expansion Sons of rice and tobacco plantation owners on the Atlantic seaboard saw in cotton their own path to prosperity. With new lands opening up in the west, cotton becomes the single most important proximate cause for expansion in United States history. Of course, growing cotton required more than just land and a “gin”. With the spread of cotton westward, so, too, goes slavery. The Market Revolution Cotton and Expansion More than 2 million enslaved persons were sold between 1820 and 1860, a majority to local buyers but hundreds of thousands from older states to “importing” states of the Lower South, resulting in what came to be known as the Second Middle Passage. The Cotton Kingdom could not have arisen without the internal slave trade, and the economies of older states like Virginia came increasingly to rely on the sale of enslaved men and women. It can also be argued that the expansion of cotton production revitalized the institution of slavery which was showing signs of dying out at the end of the eighteenth century. Interchangeable Parts and the Assembly Line The Market Revolution Steamboats (1807, 1811) Steamboat travel was instrumental to the market revolution in America, helping manufacturers transport raw materials and finished goods quickly. It also opened up the American continent to exploration, settlement, and exploitation. The Market Revolution The Erie Canal (1825) The Market Revolution The Market Revolution Railroads (1828) The Market Revolution The Telegraph (1844) Nationalism War of 1812 Tecumseh Andrew Jackson Status Quo Antebellum Battle of New Orleans Treaty of Ghent (Ghent, Belgium) January 8, 1815 December 24, 1814 Slogans Battle of Boston Harbor June 1, 1813 Symbols The USS Constitution, also known as “Old Ironsides”, is still part of the United States Navy. She is the world's oldest commissioned naval vessel still afloat. A National Anthem “Era of Good Feelings” Five Factors Leading to Sectionalism 1) Shift in the Trade Flow Shift in the Trade Flow Shift in the Trade Flow Shift in the Trade Flow Shift in the Trade Flow Shift in the Trade Flow 2) The Missouri Crisis The “Firebell in the Night” Thomas Jefferson The Missouri Crisis James Talmadge, Jr. Congressman Henry Clay *Clay will be elected to the U.S. Senate in 1848 The Missouri Crisis The Missouri Crisis The Missouri Crisis The Missouri Crisis Polarization 3) Nullification Crisis (1832) V. Nullification Crisis States’ Rights Theory Charles Grandison Finney Temperance Hard Cider Temperance Reformers Dorothea Dix Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Susan B. Anthony 4) The Antislavery Reform