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Energy cannot be
On top of the hill, the wagon had ______________ energy that was ____________________ while the wagon was rolling downhill.
potential; transformed into kinetic energy
____________ is the ability to do work.
While energy transformations take place in organisms, some energy is 'lost' to the organism’s environment in the form of
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Chlorophyll reflects _______________ light.
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Which of the following equations correctly summarizes photosynthesis?
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The O2 released during photosynthesis comes from the splitting of
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The organelle responsible for carrying out photosynthesis is the __________.
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In which part of photosynthesis is CO2 fixed into a glucose molecule?
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What is the main enzyme used in CO2 fixation?
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If a person measures 58 inches (4'8) and weighs 148 lbs, they are considered _______ based on the BMI chart.
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How many Calories are in a 478,000 calorie hamburger?
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In humans, ________ is for short-term energy storage and ________ is for long-term energy storage.
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During cellular respiration, cells convert the chemical energy of food into a readily usable, energy-containing molecule called
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The end products of aerobic respiration are
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Which part of aerobic respiration produces the most energy?
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Most of the CO2 produced by aerobic cellular respiration is generated
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Glycolysis occurs in the
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Human muscle cells carry out fermentation when _______ is scarce; ______ is a final product of this fermentation.
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What is a chromosome?
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DNA is a unique molecule
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In the DNA structure, _____ bonds are found between the two strands of DNA, and _____ bonds are found in the backbone.
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If you visualize a molecule of DNA as a ladder, what are the four nucleotide bases that form the 'rungs' of the ladder?
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One strand of DNA has this sequence: AATAGCCCGATC. Provide the complementary base pairs.
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According to Chargaff's rule, if the total DNA of the cell is composed of 20% adenine, what percentage is thymine?
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Study Notes
Energy
- Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can be transformed.
- Energy transformations involve changes in energy from one form to another.
- Potential energy is stored energy, like a wagon at the top of a hill.
- Kinetic energy is energy of motion, like a wagon rolling downhill.
- Energy is the ability to do work.
- Organisms transform energy during processes like photosynthesis and respiration.
- Some energy is lost as heat to the environment during energy transformations.
Photosynthesis
- Photosynthesis is a process plants use to convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose.
- Chlorophyll reflects green light and absorbs red and blue light.
- Photosynthesis can be summarized as: sunlight + H2O + CO2 → O2 + glucose
- The oxygen released during photosynthesis comes from water.
- Chloroplasts are the organelles responsible for photosynthesis.
- CO2 is fixed into glucose during the light independent part of photosynthesis.
- Rubisco is the main enzyme used in CO2 fixation.
Nutrition and Energy Storage
- A BMI of 18.5-24.9 is considered normal.
- A calorie is a unit of energy.
- Glycogen is a short-term energy storage carbohydrate found in animals.
- Fat is a long-term energy storage molecule.
Cellular Respiration
- Cellular respiration converts the chemical energy of food into ATP (adenosine triphosphate), a readily useable energy molecule.
- The end products of aerobic respiration are carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.
- The electron transport chain generates the most energy during aerobic respiration.
- Most CO2 is produced during the citric acid cycle.
- Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm.
- Fermentation occurs when oxygen is scarce and produces lactic acid as a byproduct.
DNA
- Chromosomes are DNA molecules tightly wound around proteins.
- DNA is a unique molecule found in the nucleus of cells.
- DNA is double-stranded and contains nucleotides.
- The nitrogenous bases of DNA are adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine.
- Adenine pairs with thymine, and guanine pairs with cytosine.
- Chargaff’s rule states that the amount of adenine equals thymine, and the amount of guanine equals cytosine.
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of energy transformation and the process of photosynthesis. This quiz covers potential and kinetic energy, the role of chlorophyll, and the transformation of light energy into chemical energy. Test your understanding of how organisms harness and transform energy for biological processes.
