Southern Nevada Fire Operations High-Rise Operations PDF

SOUTHERN NEVADA FIRE OPERATIONS High-Rise Operations Revised May 25, 2011 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................... 3 OVERVIEW OF POSITIONS..................................................

SOUTHERN NEVADA FIRE OPERATIONS High-Rise Operations Revised May 25, 2011 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................... 3 OVERVIEW OF POSITIONS........................................................................................................................ 4 INCIDENT COMMANDER........................................................................................................................... 5 SAFETY OFFICER ............................................................................................................................................. 6 PUBLIC INFORMATION OFFICER ...................................................................................................................... 7 LIAISON OFFICER ............................................................................................................................................. 8 OPERATIONS SECTION CHIEF ................................................................................................................. 9 STAGING MANAGER ....................................................................................................................................... 10 REHAB OFFICER ............................................................................................................................................. 12 FIRE MEDICAL OFFICER ................................................................................................................................ 13 ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICER (IF NECESSARY) ................................................................................................. 14 EQUIPMENT OFFICER (IF NECESSARY) .......................................................................................................... 14 BRANCHES .................................................................................................................................................. 15 FIRE BRANCH DIRECTOR ............................................................................................................................... 16 EMS BRANCH DIRECTOR ............................................................................................................................... 16 AIR OPS BRANCH DIRECTOR (IF REQUIRED) ................................................................................................. 17 DIVISIONS/GROUPS .................................................................................................................................. 18 INVESTIGATIONS GROUP SUPERVISOR ........................................................................................................... 19 RAPID INTERVENTION (RIT) GROUP SUPERVISOR ......................................................................................... 19 VENTILATION GROUP SUPERVISOR (IF REQUIRED) ....................................................................................... 20 EVACUATION GROUP SUPERVISOR ................................................................................................................. 20 LOGISTICS SECTION CHIEF ................................................................................................................... 21 LOBBY CONTROL OFFICER ............................................................................................................................ 22 BASE MANAGER ............................................................................................................................................. 23 GROUND SUPPORT M ANAGER ........................................................................................................................ 25 COMMUNICATIONS UNIT LEADER .................................................................................................................. 26 PLANNING SECTION CHIEF.................................................................................................................... 27 RESOURCE UNIT............................................................................................................................................. 28 SITUATION UNIT............................................................................................................................................. 29 DOCUMENTATION UNIT ................................................................................................................................. 30 TECHNICAL SPECIALISTS UNIT ...................................................................................................................... 31 FINANCE/ADMINISTRATION SECTION CHIEF ................................................................................... 32 ORDER OF ASSIGNMENT......................................................................................................................... 33 TYPICAL FIRST-ALARM ASSIGNMENT ............................................................................................................ 34 TYPICAL FIRST-ALARM ICS ORG CHART ...................................................................................................... 36 TYPICAL 2ND ALARM UPGRADES..................................................................................................................... 37 TYPICAL 2ND ALARM ICS ORG CHART ........................................................................................................... 38 TYPICAL 3RD ALARM UPGRADES..................................................................................................................... 39 TYPICAL 3RD ALARM ICS ORG CHART ........................................................................................................... 40 COMMUNICATIONS PLAN....................................................................................................................... 41 COMMUNICATIONS PLAN CHART ................................................................................................................... 43 EVACUATIONS ........................................................................................................................................... 44 1 ACCOUNTABILITY.................................................................................................................................... 47 TACTICAL WORKSHEETS....................................................................................................................... 48 PERSONNEL ACCOUNTABILITY REPORT (PAR)................................................................................ 50 CHECKLISTS .............................................................................................................................................. 51 INCIDENT COMMAND CHECKLIST ................................................................................................................. 52 INVESTIGATIONS GROUP CHECKLIST ............................................................................................................. 53 STAGING CHECKLIST ...................................................................................................................................... 53 REHAB CHECKLIST ........................................................................................................................................ 56 FIRE MEDICAL CHECKLIST ............................................................................................................................ 57 ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICER CHECKLIST ......................................................................................................... 58 EQUIPMENT OFFICER CHECKLIST ................................................................................................................. 59 RIT CHECKLIST ............................................................................................................................................. 60 LOBBY CHECKLIST ......................................................................................................................................... 61 SYSTEMS CONTROL UNIT CHECKLIST ............................................................................................... 62 (FIRE CONTROL ROOM) ................................................................................................................................. 62 BASE CHECKLIST ............................................................................................................................................ 63 2 Introduction The Las Vegas Valley has a diverse skyline including hotel/casinos, business complexes, and luxury residential towers. The valley is unique from other locales in that the vast majority of our high rises are of a modern design, utilizing modern life safety equipment. To ensure the highest level of safety for all first responders and the citizens we serve, all Valley Fire Departments have come to a consensus on the best practices for use in any and all high-rise incidents. There are many scenarios in which serious high-rise incidents can, and will occur. This manual is an outline of the incident management system, resource allocation, resource deployment, and tactical objectives that have been adopted by all Las Vegas Valley Fire Departments to mitigate high-rise emergencies. This is not intended to be a comprehensive ICS manual. Instead, it will focus on ICS positions and tactical situations unique to high-rise operations. While each high-rise incident may be unique, they all share enough common characteristics to warrant the guidelines set forth in this manual. This manual is a framework that the Incident Commander can build upon. 3 Overview of Positions Positions in the Incident Management System (IMS) as they relate to High-Rise Operations Typical High Rise Incident Organizational Chart Incident Commander Safety Information Liaison Planning Operations Logistics Finance Staging Base Rehab Fire/Medical Accountability Equipment Fire Branch Division Division Systems Control Division EMS Branch Triage 4 Treatment Transport Lobby Ground Support Incident Command Incident Commander Safety Information Liaison Operations Planning Logistics Finance Incident Commander The responsibility of the IC after activation of an Operation Section Chief may be summarized as follows: Review and evaluate the IAP and initiate any needed changes Provide ongoing review of the overall incident (The Big Picture) Participate in the development of the IAP Select priorities Staff Command and General Staff functions as necessary Provide direction to Command and General Staff Review the organizational structure and initiate change or expansion to meet incident needs Establish liaison with other internal agencies not directly involved in incident operations, outside agencies, and property owners and/or tenants Maintain sufficient Command personnel to support the Incident to its conclusion Strategic Objectives of the Incident Commander include: Ensure safety of emergency personnel and public Limit loss of life Limit property damage Utilize resources efficiently and effectively Ensure adequate fire ground communication Ensure prompt and orderly demobilization 5 Safety Officer Incident Commander Safety Information Liaison Operations Planning Logistics Finance/Admin The Safety Officer has the following duties and responsibilities: Identifies existing or potential hazards and informs Command of those findings Recommends to the IC any changes to the Incident Action Plan as a result of the ongoing surveys Has the authority to alter, suspend, or terminate any activity that is an unacceptable safety risk Investigates accidents that have occurred within the incident area Requests assistance as needed When operating in forward or otherwise hazardous positions, the Safety Officer must be attired in appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA); have radio communication equipment; and be accompanied by another responder. 6 Incident Commander Safety PIO Liaison Operations Planning Logistics Finance/Admin Public Information Officer The Public Information Officer has the following duties and responsibilities: Relay accurate and complete information regarding incident cause, size, current situation, resources committed, and other matters of general interest Normally be the point of contact for the media and other governmental agencies that desire information directly from the incident Determines from Command any limits on information release Provide a link with the Joint Information Center (JIC) when established Obtains media information that may be useful to incident planning In either a Single or Unified Command structure only one Public Information Officer would be designated. Assistants may be assigned from other agencies or departments involved. 7 Incident Commander Safety PIO Liaison Operations Planning Logistics Finance/Admin Liaison Officer The Liaison Officer has the following duties and responsibilities: Point of contact for representatives from assisting or cooperating agencies Coordinate the representatives from assisting or cooperating agencies (Agency Representatives) Participates in planning meetings; provide current resource status of assisting agencies, including capabilities and limitations 8 Incident Commander Planning Operations Staging Lobby Base Rehab Fire/Medical Accountability Finance/Admin Logistics Ground Support Equipment Division Division Division Division Operations Section Chief The Operations Section Chief has the following duties and responsibilities: Manage tactical activities Coordinate activities with the IC Participate in development of the IAP Briefs and assigns Operations personnel to support the strategic objectives Implement the Operations portion of the IAP Keeps Command informed about special activities, events, and occurrences Assign resources to tactical level areas based on incident objectives and strategies Build an effective organizational structure through the use of Branches and Divisions/Groups Provide tactical objectives for the Divisions/Groups Control Staging and Air Operations Provide for life safety Determine needs and request additional resources Consult with and inform the other members of the General and Command Staff as needed 9 Operations Staging Rehab Accountability Fire/Medical Equipment Staging Manager Description A Staging Area is a location (normally two floors below fire floor), designated within the incident area that is used to temporarily locate resources that are immediately available for assignment. The Staging Manager has the following duties and responsibilities: Establishes staging area layout to include: - Reserve forces - Rehab - Fire Medical - Equipment - SCBA bottles, separate full and empty areas - An area for *Recycle Responds to requests for resources from Operations Maintains at least three companies in Staging ready for deployment on working incidents Maintains adequate equipment reserves Establishes the Rehab area with adequate manpower and resources Maintains Staging in an orderly condition, and control entry and exit from the Staging area Posts a member at each stairwell to prevent companies from bypassing Staging Manpower permitting, establishes a guide to direct crews in and out of Staging and Rehab Utilizes floor layout as much as possible to reduce traffic congestion Request logistical support from the Logistics Section Chief as needed Routes arriving and departing companies Establishes the Accountability and Equipment positions Reports all Firefighter injuries through the Chain-of-Command 10 *Recycle – Crews will be entering the staging area for recycle. These crews are not considered ―available‖, but will retain their current assignment. These crews should be directed to the recycle area and assisted if necessary, in replacing their SCBA cylinder and re-hydrating. As soon as this is accomplished the crews should return to their forward area for deployment. 11 Staging Rehab Fire/Medical Accountability Equipment Rehab Officer Description The purpose of the responder rehabilitation (or rehab), is to evaluate and assist personnel who may be suffering from the effects of sustained physical exertion during emergency operations. The Rehab Officer has the following duties and responsibilities: Manages all firefighter related rehabilitation issues in Staging 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Maintains record of companies in Rehab: Assignment coming from Time in Vitals Time out Assignment going into Measures vitals for ALL personnel reporting to Rehab Reports anomalies to Fire Medical 12 Fire Medical Officer Staging Rehab Fire/Medical Accountability Equipment The Fire Medical Officer has the following duties and responsibilities: Manages all firefighter related EMS issues in Staging Evaluates personnel as requested Assists Rehab, workload permitting Maintains readiness to respond to medical emergencies Monitors the operations channel during a rapid intervention situation to coordinate patient delivery with RIT Coordinates with the EMS Branch to receive injured Firefighters if necessary. Reports injuries to Fire Personnel through the Chain of Command 13 Accountability Officer (If Necessary) Staging Rehab Fire/Medical Accountability Equipment The Accountability Officer has the following duties and responsibilities: Established by Staging Manager Tracks location and times for all units in Staging, Rehab, Fire Medical, and Operations Determines when a responder(s) is delayed from an assignment, in-transit, or unaccounted for Identify and document the entry and exit of individual responders into the hazard zone (that is point of entry) Equipment Officer (If Necessary) Staging Rehab Fire/Medical Accountability Equipment The Equipment Officer has the following duties and responsibilities: Established by Staging Manager Manages all equipment related issues in Staging Requests resources directly through Base in order to minimize unnecessary radio traffic Maintains an accurate inventory list of items in and above Staging Maintains a record of equipment ordered, time ordered, and time delivered Prioritizes equipment needs Develops equipment inventory lists and orders specific quantities from Base 14 Branches Operations Fire Branch Fire Attack Floor Above Ventilations EMS Branch Evacuations Triage Treatment Transport Ambulance Staging The following factors may cause an IC to consider the creation of a Branch or Branches: The span of control for the number of Division/Groups in place begins to become unwieldy or unmanageable The incident becomes more complex (for example, multi-jurisdictional, worsening conditions) The incident has two or more distinctly different operations (for example, fire, medical, hazardous materials, law enforcement) The Branch Director has the following general duties and responsibilities: Implement and control their specific portion of the Incident Action Plan Coordinate the activities of the units within the Branch Evaluate progress toward goals and objectives, and requests additional resources as needed Assigns specific tasks to Divisions, Groups, and resources within the Branch Communicate progress and resource needs with the IC, or Operations Chief (if staffed) Provide for safety and accountability of all resources assigned within the Branch 15 Fire Branch Director Fire Branch Fire Attack Company 1 Company 2 Company 3 Company 4 Floor Above RIT Company 6 Company 8 Evacuations The Fire Branch has the following duties and responsibilities: Manage the activities of all Divisions involved in attacking the fire Manage the activities of all Divisions and Groups involved in Evacuation Reports to IC, or Operations (if staffed) EMS Branch Director EMS Branch Triage Treatment Transport Ambulance Transport The EMS Branch Director has the following duties and responsibilities: Triage, Treatment, and Transport of any and all civilian casualties Coordinate with Evacuation Group for removal of victims to treatment area Located outside of the structure, separate from Fire Medical / Rehab If necessary, EMS Branch can coordinate with Logistics/Fire Medical/Rehab for continuing treatment and transport of personnel injured during the Incident. (See page 47 for Details) Reports to IC, or Operations (if staffed) 16 Manage Private Ambulance resources and utilize those resources to transport civilian casualties Air Ops Branch Director (If Required) Air Ops Air Rescue Air Support The Air Branch has the following duties and responsibilities: Manages communication with the jurisdictions providing air support (Helicopter support can include rescue operations, shuttling of personnel and equipment to the roof, and aerial reconnaissance) Establish suitable LZ(s) with security personnel at each (utilize PD if necessary) Coordinate all air-based activity Helicopter support may be supplied by the LVMPD, medical helicopters, and/or Air Force helicopters based at Nellis Helicopter access to the roof may be severely limited or impossible due to roof obstructions, weight restrictions, weather, etc. 17 Divisions/Groups Fire Branch Fire Attack Company 1 Company 2 Company 3 Company 4 Floor Above RIT Company 6 Company 8 Evacuations The Division/Group supervisor has the following general duties and responsibilities: Complete tactical assignments Account for all resources and assigned personnel Ensure that operations are conducted safely Monitor work progress Redirect activities as necessary Coordinate actions with related activities and adjacent Division/Groups Monitor welfare of assigned personnel and rotate companies through Rehab as needed Request additional resources as needed Provide immediate superior with essential and timely progress reports Reallocate or release resources within the Division/Group 18 Investigations Group Supervisor The Investigations Group has the following duties and responsibilities: Obtain information and keys (one set) from building personnel Identify Stairwell to be used by FD personnel Communicate pick up point for keys and distributes appropriately Follow department elevator procedure Ascend with second company Initial investigation of conditions on ascent and on the fire floor Check floors below for conditions, floor plan, and status of occupants and reports findings Identify a suitable area for Staging, preferably two floors below fire, and drops off extra equipment Hook up to standpipe one floor below the fire floor Stay on room air as long as possible to conserve breathing air Report condition of elevator lobby on fire floor (if possible) Establish a Division on fire floor prior to attack Rapid Intervention (RIT) Group Supervisor Description The RIT group is comprised of responders who are attired and equipped to perform the actions necessary to affect the rescue of other emergency workers. The RIT group should maintain awareness of where resources are committed on the incident. The RIT Group shall operate in accordance with the procedures outlined in SNFO-03. More than one Rapid Intervention Team may be needed depending on how many floors have crews operating in IDLH atmospheres. The RIT Group has the following duties and responsibilities: Designated by Command from first-arriving units Drops off extra equipment in designated Staging area Orients team to floor plan if Staging floor is the same as fire floor Remains in a state of readiness with crew intact until relieved Leaves RIT’s high-rise hose pack un-deployed for maximum mobility until needed in a rapid intervention operation Establish location for deployment in Staging Area or other suitable forward position Deploys only upon order from IC, Ops, or Fire Branch Starts the search for a missing Firefighter at the last known location Upon egress with a downed Firefighter, coordinates with Fire Medical/Rehab for a pick up point 19 Ventilation Group Supervisor (If Required) The Ventilation Group has the following duties and responsibilities: Directs all ventilation related activities within the structure With assistance from Systems Control Unit, uses HVAC system to help evacuate smoke. This should usually only be done in modern high-rises Breaks windows only after thorough consideration and radio coordination with Operations/Command. Area below must be clear High-rises with Lexan windows should have designated breakout windows in or near every corner of the building. These windows are tempered glass similar to car windows and break into small ―pebbles‖ rather than large plates Coordinate the use of multiple fans (if needed) to pressurize stairwells and upper floors Some form of horizontal ventilation will usually be most effective Ventilation in the FD stairwell may need special consideration due to blocked open doors Evacuation Group Supervisor The Evacuations Group has the following duties and responsibilities: Search and Evacuation of all endangered, or designated occupants Coordinate with IC, (Operations, or Fire Branch if staffed) to establish a containment area for evacuees Coordinate with Systems Control Unit to use Public Address system as an aide in the evacuation process Direct occupants to designated ―evacuation‖ stairwell to keep FD stairwell clear For additional Evacuation considerations, refer to the Evacuation section in this manual 20 Logistics Section Chief Command Logistics Lobby Base Ground Support Communications The Logistics Chief has the following duties and responsibilities: Provide for medical aid for incident personnel and manage responder rehabilitation Coordinate immediate critical incident stress debriefing function Coordinate the movement (below the Staging Floor) of injured personnel, including transport to the appropriate facility Provide and manage any needed supplies or equipment Participate in the development of the IAP Forecast and obtain future resource needs (coordinate with the Planning Section) Provide fuel and needed repairs for equipment Obtain specialized equipment or expertise per the Incident Commander Provide food and associated supplies Secure any needed fixed or portable facilities Provide any other logistical needs as requested by the Incident Commander Supervise assigned personnel 21 Lobby Control Officer Command Logistics Lobby Base Ground Support Communications Description The responsibilities for Lobby Control at a High Rise incident are extensive. Lobby Control should be a priority like Staging, and it is recommended that it be established on all working High Rise incidents from the first alarm assignment. The Lobby Control Officer reports to the Logistics Section Chief or the Incident Commander if the Logistics position has not been established. The Lobby Control Officer has the following duties and responsibilities: Use the building communications system to address civilian occupants. This function can be assigned and facilitated by the Systems Control Unit when implemented Pressurize the stairwells with fans when the building HVAC cannot be used Determine occupant egress to ensure a safe corridor for exiting people (consider the use of police officers to control civilians evacuated from the building). Direct personnel to move occupants a minimum of 200 feet from the building Use of fire line tape may assist in directing personnel and civilians Distributes and utilizes elevator phones when possible - Coordinate the use of elevators by Recalling elevators; identifies elevators that do not recall Determines if and when elevators may be used Assigns elevator operators Identifies and controls all access points to upper floors Lobby shall fulfill the duties of Logistics Section Chief until that position is filled 22 Base Manager Command Logistics Lobby Base Ground Support Communications Description The Base area of a High Rise structural incident serves as an assembly and deployment point from which large quantities of personnel and equipment are distributed. The Base Manager has the following duties and responsibilities: Verify location of Base with the Incident Commander Ensure that the Base location is a safe distance from the building (generally 200 feet or more from the structure) Determine the most effective access route to Base for responding resources Directs all companies arriving on scene and being assigned to the incident Establish one or more safe routes to the fire building Maintain an accurate log of apparatus, equipment, and available personnel within Base Coordinate movement of equipment and resources into the fire building through Lobby Control Establish equipment pools by priority of need according to the Incident Action Plan Ensure that Base resources (apparatus, equipment, and personnel) are requested through dispatch, before they are actually needed Maintains a minimum of three companies in Base ready for deployment Requests extra personnel to be assigned to assist Base as needed Directs delivery of equipment from Base to Lobby Directs companies from Base to Lobby Controls entry to, and exit from Base Secures perimeter; utilizing PD if necessary Keeps companies together at their apparatus May utilize unassigned companies for tasks at Base (Companies must be available for Assignment by Command) 23 Parks apparatus to ensure free movement (usually diagonally) Assembles arriving members and advises command of their availability Supply auxiliary water to the entry point of the stairwell for use by Ground Support personnel if needed 24 Ground Support Manager Command Logistics Lobby Base Ground Support Communications Description The Ground Support function (previously Stairwell Support) is implemented when equipment needs to be moved to Staging via stairwells or when an additional water supply is needed. The Ground Support Manager has the following duties and responsibilities: Refilling SCBA cylinders and maintaining SCBA’s Coordinate the transport of equipment via stairwells to the staging floor Coordinate with Base to get auxiliary water to stairwell entry point and advance to requested point of delivery Posts a Firefighter every two floors to establish an equipment shuttle If placing an auxiliary water supply through the center of the stairwell, secures the wye and secures the hose every other floor, below couplings when possible Assign one Officer for every five Firefighters assigned (if available) Observe Firefighters for signs of fatigue and provide timely relief Considers two member teams for extended operations, alternating rest periods Ensures personnel have PPE, including SCBA, close at hand in case conditions in stairwell deteriorate Provides auxiliary lighting if necessary 25 Communications Unit Leader Command Logistics Lobby Base Ground Support Communications Description The Communications Unit Leader reports to the Logistics Section Chief and ensures that an effective communication system is maintained between the Incident Commander and incident personnel. The communications system includes: Portable radios Spare batteries Cellular phones Buildings sound powered system 26 Planning Section Chief Command Planning Resource Unit Situation Unit Documentation Unit Technical Specialist Unit Description The Planning Section Chief serves as the IC’s clearinghouse for information. The Planning Section Chief’s goal is to plan ahead of current events and identify the need for resources before they are needed. The Planning Section Chief has the following duties and responsibilities: Evaluate current strategy and plan with the IC Maintain resource status and personnel accountability Refine and recommend any needed changes to plan with Operations Section input Evaluate incident organization and span of control Participate in the development of the IAP Forecast possible outcomes and develop contingency plans Evaluate future resource requirements Utilize technical assistance as needed Evaluate incident objectives, specific critical factors, and safety Gather, update, improve, and manage situation status with a standard systematic approach Coordinate planning needs with any available outside agencies Plan for incident demobilization Maintain incident records 27 Resource Unit Planning Resource Unit Situation Unit Documentation Unit Description Tracks information related to the control of resources including: Work force on scene, including assignments Apparatus on scene, including geographic position Agencies on scene Maintains a master check-in list of personnel and resources 28 Technical Specialist Unit Situation Unit Planning Resource Unit Situation Unit Documentation Unit Technical Specialist Unit Description Collects and updates information regarding weather, traffic, or any other relevant data. Information collected will be displayed for use by Planning and Command, and may include: Current status of the Incident (What has happened and, What is happening now) Forecast status of the Incident (What may happen in the future) 29 Documentation Unit Planning Resource Unit Situation Unit Documentation Unit Technical Specialist Unit Description Provides a comprehensive and chronological record of the Incident activities including: Incident Reports Communication logs Injury reports and claims Situation Status Reports Post-Incident analysis 30 Technical Specialists Unit Planning Resource Unit Situation Unit Documentation Unit Technical Specialist Unit Description The Technical Specialists Unit is responsible for coordinating the activities of and technical advice of such agencies as: Building Engineers Elevator Company representatives Structural Engineers and Architects Any other specialists needed to assist in mitigating the incident Technical Specialists perform under the direction of the Fire Department Specialists may be assigned to ICS elements other than Planning. Care must be taken to keep technical specialists out of hazardous areas 31 Finance/Administration Section Chief Command Finance/Admin The Finance/Administration Section Chief has the following duties and responsibilities: Procure services and/or supplies from sources within and outside of the fire department as requested by Command Document all financial costs of the incident Participate in the development of the IAP Document for possible cost recovery of services and/or supplies Analyze and advise the IC on legal issues for incidents (for example, hazardous materials cleanup) Document for compensation and claims of injury Obtain any and all needed incident documentation for potential cost recovery efforts 32 Order of Assignment Introduction This section will address the standard order of assignment for Incident Management and Tactical positions based on order of arrival. This ―Standard Plan‖ should be followed unless there are special circumstances. The Incident Commander has the authority to deviate from this plan based upon the needs of the incident. Some things to consider before making assignments are: visible fire conditions security reports horizontally vs. vertically extending fire need for auxiliary water supply rescue or evacuation problems, etc. Unless specifically needed and assigned to other duties, Engineers should remain with their Company. This will ensure that the maximum possible manpower is applied to critical assignments as well as simplify accountability. 33 Typical First-Alarm assignment 5 Engines, 2 Trucks, 1 Heavy/Engine, 3 Rescues, 2 Battalion Chiefs Company # 1 – Respond to the ―requested entrance‖, conduct size-up, give Brief Initial Report, and establish Command, and designate Base channel for 2nd and greater alarm units if needed. Meet with security or other building representative if applicable. Start ascent only when accompanied by 2nd Company. When the first arriving Battalion Chief assumes Command, become Investigations Group, and continue up to the fire floor. Check status of lower floors, including evacuation in progress, floor layout, location of fire doors, and location of standpipe outlets, and a suitable floor for Staging. Change Investigations to the appropriate Division (according to floor number) upon arrival at the fire floor. Company # 2 – Assemble equipment and ascend (entire crew) to fire floor with Company #1, assist with the fire attack in that Division. (Leave extra equipment on staging floor) Company # 3 – Assemble equipment and ascend (entire crew) to fire floor to assist with the fire Attack in that Division. (Leave extra equipment on staging floor) Company # 4 – Assemble equipment and ascend (entire crew) to fire floor to assist with the fire attack in that Division. (Leave extra equipment on staging floor) * Note – Two Engineers from these first four Companies shall be utilized to supply the FDC * Note – One of the Officers from these first four Companies shall assume the role of Division Supervisor. The Supervisor shall manage the *recycle, and all other activities within that Division. Company # 5 – Establish Lobby Control Company # 6 – Assemble equipment and ascends to the floor above the fire for Recon and Evacuation. (Becomes Division ##) Company # 7 – Establishes Staging two (2) floors below the fire floor. Company # 8 – Reports through the staging area to take up RIT position *Should be filled by Heavy Rescue if available Rescue # 1 – Responds to the Fire Control Room and assumes the role of Systems Control Unit. Assess panels, report on the status of, and control the building systems. Rescue # 2 – Gather necessary equipment and ascend to Staging to assume Fire Medical Rescue # 3 – Gather necessary equipment and ascend to Staging to assist with Fire Medical Battalion # 1 – Assumes Command and establishes Command Post 34 Battalion # 2 – Assumes Deputy IC role *Recycle/On Deck – The need to sustain an uninterrupted flow of water is never more critical than on a high-rise incident. If crews are allowed to leave a nozzle and shut down the attack while fresh crews are brought in, the fire will continue to grow and could move to additional floors. For this reason, it is important that Division Supervisors operating in such critical areas us the “On Deck / Recycle” system to maintain a steady flow of water. The system works best when a single supervisor remains in charge of the Division, and an Officer enters with each attack crew. For example: Division 10 has 4 crews (E1, E2, E3, & E4) assigned to attack the fire on that floor. E1 (and crew) has the Division Supervisor role, and E2 is the first crew through the door on the attack. They will be called by their original call sign (Engine 2). E3 will take an “on-deck” position in the vestibule on the 10th floor. And, E4 would be on the 9th floor awaiting deployment. As E2 gets low on air, the Division Supervisor will send E3 out to relieve the crew at the nozzle, and bring E4 up into the vestibule to an “on-deck” position. E2, once relieved will retreat to staging to get a new cylinder and to re-hydrate. Then, return to the 9th floor for deployment within the Division. This recycle will continue until additional crews are available, the fire is out, crews are unable to continue, or the incident progresses to the point where interior positions must be abandoned. The remaining crewmembers from the Supervisor’s crew (E1 in the example), can be used to assist with the recycle, track resources, and to manage the hose lines and pressure valves in the vestibule and stairwell. When conducted properly with three (3) rotating crews, the recycle system will sustain a continuous attack for over an hour. The recycle system should be used anywhere crews are performing a critical function that must be sustained for an undetermined period of time. 35 Typical First-Alarm ICS Org Chart Deputy IC (BC #2) Deputy IC or Aide to assume RIT Branch if Mayday occurs Incident Commander (BC #1) Staging (Company #7) 2 Floors Below Fire Medical / Rehab (Rescue #2) Division ?? (Companies 1,2, 3,4) Fire Attack RIT (Company #8) Heavy Division ?? (Company #6) Floor Above Systems Control Unit (Rescue #1) 36 Lobby (Company #5) Typical 2nd Alarm Upgrades 5 Engines, 2 Trucks, 1 Heavy/Engine, 3 Rescues, 2 Battalion Chiefs, Air Resource Unit First arriving company to establish Base Incident Commanders shall deploy resources from the 2nd and greater alarms to match the tactical needs of the incident. The following is a sample deployment of a 2nd alarm: 4 Companies to Staging 2 Companies to establish Evacuations Group under Fire Branch. 1 company to supplement RIT (Should be filled by Heavy Rescue if available) 1 company to supplement Lobby Rescues can be used to fill in, but should be considered to staff the EMS Branch Battalion # 1 to establish and assume leadership of Fire Branch Battalion # 2 to assume the role of Deputy for the Fire Branch Director or other assignment Battalion # 3 & 4 to assume Incident Command and Logistics Section Arriving Chief Officer/Aide to fill the role of Deputy IC/Planning Section/etc. **Additional Chief Officers and Support Staff to report to Incident Command Post for assignment. 37 Typical 2nd Alarm ICS Org Chart Deputy Fire Branch (BC #2) Deputy Fire Branch to assume RIT Branch if RIT activation occurs Incident Commander (BC #3) Deputy IC (Officer) Staging (Company #7) 2 Floors Below 2nd Alarm Companies RIT (Company #8) Heavy Fire Medical / Rehab (Rescue #2) Fire Branch (BC #1) Deputy (BC #2) Division ?? Company #1 Company #2 Company #3 Company #4 Division ?? Company #5 Evacuations 2nd Alarm Companies EMS Branch EMS Supervisor 271 Systems Control Unit Rescue #1 Triage Treatment Transport Ambulance Staging 38 Lobby Company #5 Base 1st Company2nd Alarm Typical 3rd and Subsequent Alarm Upgrades 3 Engines, 1 Truck, 1 Rescue Incident Commanders shall deploy resources from the 3rd and greater alarms to match the tactical needs of the incident Priority should be given to supporting units on and above the fire floors, and units actively working on evacuation Battalion # 3 may assume leadership of the Operations (Ops) Section Battalion # 4 may assume the role of Deputy Operations Chief or other appropriate assignment Deputy Chief # 1 – Assume Command At this point in the Incident, Chief Officers should be working towards establishing a Command Post and staffing those C-Staff and G-Staff positions as may be necessary to manage the event. Arriving Chief Officer / Aide to establish and assume leadership of the Logistics Section **** 4th and subsequent alarms shall mirror 3rd alarm resources, and shall be assigned at the discretion of the Incident Commander 39 Typical 3rd Alarm ICS Org Chart IC Deputy Chief #1 Safety PIO Liaison Ops BC #3 Deputy BC #4 Staging Deputy (BC #2) to assume RIT Branch if RIT activation occurs Fire Medical / Rehab RIT Fire Branch (BC #1) Deputy (BC #2) Division ?? Division ?? Logistics Chief/ Aide Systems Control Unit Division ?? EMS Branch Triage Treatment Lobby Transport Ambulance Staging 40 Ground Support Base Communications Plan The following Communications plan was developed in an effort to improve overall communications within the Incident. The plan attempts to outline who will talk with whom, and on which channels. It is understood that radio traffic on the main ―Ops‖ (Operations) channel can overwhelm the channel, and that many crews on that channel are operating in an IDLH atmosphere. The plan provides for non-IDLH traffic to take place on several different channels. It will be necessary for responders to pay attention to channel assignments as they move from Base, through Lobby, into Staging, and eventually into an IDLH assignment. All second alarm and subsequent alarm units will be directed to respond on the Base Channel as designated by Incident Command. The flow of Personnel through the control points (Base, Lobby, and Staging) should take place on the Log (Logistics) Channel. For example: Command will call (on the Log Channel) for three (3) companies from Base to Staging. The Base Manager will notify Command (on the Log Channel) of the responding companies and their unit numbers. Base will then notify Lobby (on the Log Channel) that the companies are in transit to Staging. Once those companies check in with Lobby, the Lobby manager should contact Staging (on the Log Channel) to advise that the units are in the stairwell or elevator. The Staging Manager should advise Command (on the Ops Channel) when the units arrive in the staging area. The companies that are in transit shall remain on the Log channel until they arrive in Staging. It is not necessary for companies that are in transit from Base to Staging to communicate with Command unless there is an emergency, or they are unable to reach their destination. The flow of Equipment through the control points (Base, Lobby, and Staging) should take place on the Log channel. For example: The Staging Manager will contact the Lobby or Base Manager directly requesting additional equipment to the staging area. The Lobby and/or Base Managers will arrange for crews to take the equipment aloft to the Staging area and communicate to the Staging Manager on the Log Channel. It is not necessary to advise Command of equipment needs, unless the equipment is not on scene. Additional channels may be necessary for the different Divisions and Groups operating at the Incident. These channels will be assigned at the discretion of the IC based upon the communication needs of the Division / Group, the operational capabilities of the Command Post, and the availability of personnel to monitor the additional channels. 41 Communications Plan for each responding unit, by assignment (First Alarm): Company # 1 – Establishes Command, becomes Investigations Group after transfer of Command, and then establishes appropriate Division on the fire floor. Responds on channel initially assigned by dispatch. Maintain communications (BIR, Follow-Up Reports, Stairwell designation, etc.) on that channel. Continue ascent and updates on channel. Unless changed by the IC, this channel will become the Operations (Ops) channel. Incident Command will identify separate Base Channel for all second alarm units. Companies 2 - 4 – Assigned to Investigations / Division. Respond on Ops channel and maintain communications with Command / Investigations / Division on that channel. Company # 5 – Establishes Lobby Control. Respond on Ops channel. Maintain communications on Ops channel and be prepared to monitor traffic and communicate on the Logistics (Log) channel once the channel is established by the Incident Commander. It will be necessary for Lobby to maintain access to both the Ops and Log channels. Company # 6 – Establishes appropriate Division on the floor above the fire. Respond on Ops channel and maintain communication with the Command, Ops, or Fire Branch on the Ops channel. Company # 7 – Establishes the Staging area. Respond on Ops channel. Maintain communications with the Command on the Ops channel. Be prepared to monitor and communicate with Lobby and Base on the Log channel once established by the Incident Commander. It will be necessary for Staging to have access to both the Ops and Log channels. Company # 8 – Establishes RIT. Respond on the Ops channel. Maintain communications with the IC and monitor all traffic on that channel. Should RIT be deployed, they will operate on the Ops channel. All other operations will move to a different as channel at the discretion of the IC. Rescue # 1 – Establishes the Systems Control Unit in the Fire Control Room. Respond on Ops channel. Be prepared to monitor and communicate with the Command on the Ops channel, and Lobby & Logistics on the Logs channel once established by the Incident Commander. It will be necessary for the Systems Control Unit to have access to both the Ops and Log channels. Rescue # 2 – Establishes Fire Medical in the staging area. Respond on Ops channel. Maintain communication with the Staging and the IC on that channel. It will be necessary to communicate with the Logistics Chief on the Logs channel to coordinate the movement of an injured firefighter. (See page 47 for details) Rescue # 3 – Assists with Fire Medical in the staging area. (see Rescue # 2 above) (Second Alarm) First Full Engine Company – Establish Base. Communicate with Command, Lobby, and Staging on the Log channel. Communicate with, and direct incoming units (2nd and greater alarms) on the Base channel designated by Incident Command. 42 Evacuation Group – Respond on the channel designated by dispatch. Once assigned, Evacuations will maintain communications with the IC, Ops, or Fire Branch on the Ops channel. EMS Branch – Respond on channel designated by dispatch. Establish EMS Branch on channel designated by the IC. This will become the EMS channel. Maintain communication on this channel. Communications Plan Chart Ops Channel #1 EMS Channel #2 IC Deputy Chief #1 Logs Channel #3 Safety PIO Liaison Dispatch Channel #4 Deputy (BC #2) to assume RIT Branch if RIT activation occurs. RIT Branch to operate on FF Down Channel if possible otherwise the entire operations will need to change channels Ops BC #3 Deputy BC #4 Logistics Chief/ Aide Staging Fire Base will monitor the Logs Channel and will guide responders in on the Base Channel Medical / RIT Rehab Fire Branch (BC #1) Deputy (BC #2) Division ?? Staging, Systems Control Unit and Lobby will need to monitor both the Ops and Logs Channel Systems Control Unit Division Division ?? ?? Triage EMS Branch Treatment Lobby Transport Ambulance Staging 43 Ground Support Base Evacuations Evacuation of a multi-storied High-Rise building can be overwhelming and will require a coordinated effort from multiple crews to be successful. There are many things that the Officer can do to aide in the evacuation process and to increase the efficiency of evacuee movement. First, the Officer must select a stairwell that can be dedicated to the evacuation process and announce that stairwell over the radio. That same information should be transmitted over the building’s public address system to assist occupants in making good decisions. Once the stairwell is selected, the Officer must coordinate with Command, Operations, or the Fire Branch to determine the marshalling point for the evacuees. If there is an adequate location within the building (at least 3 floors below the fire), you may be able to temporarily shelter occupants there. Otherwise, you will need an area outside and at least 200’ from any falling debris. Any area designated for evacuees should be supervised by building security, law enforcement, or fire personnel. In addition the IC should make arrangements to take care of the immediate personal needs of displaced citizens. If the shelter-in-place method is selected, occupants should be directed to a specific floor and advised to wait there for further instructions. If the occupants will be directed to the outside, there should be someone at the point of exit to direct them to the correct location. Considerations for Evacuation: The evacuation effort should begin in the immediate fire area and outward on the fire floor, and then proceed to the two (2) floors above, followed by the two (2) floors below the fire Evacuees should be initially directed to an area of ―safe refuge‖ at least three (3) floors below the fire floor, unless otherwise directed by Command Once these areas are cleared of civilians, the Evacuation Group should concentrate on Stairways, Hallways, and Elevator Lobbies above the fire floor, starting from the uppermost floors and working down to the previously evacuated areas If the Group finds a particular area that is contaminated, the occupants must be removed, or sheltered in place dependant upon conditions on that floor and current conditions on the fire floor. If the fire is diminishing and there is clear air in the individual rooms, shelter-in-place may be the best option. However, if the fire is still advancing, then evacuation will be necessary a. b. c. d. An eventual room-by-room search may need to be accomplished, but initial efforts should be directed at the critical areas listed below: Fire Floor 2 Floors above 2 Floors below Stairways, Hallways, & Elevator Lobbies above the fire Utilize the public address system in the fire control room to relay direction to occupants Direct occupants to the designated stairwell to keep the FD stairwell clear 44 Provide regular progress reports (at a minimum, after each floor is completed), through the Chain-of-Command Primary Search Markings Using a suitable marking device (i.e., a black marker, red lumber crayon, etc.), unit performing the primary search will make a forward slash on the door of the room that is to be searched. If the door can not be marked on, the wall or other suitable area next to the door must be identified to accomplish the mark. After making the forward slash, unit performing the primary search will also mark their unit number approximately 1/3 of the way down from the top of the forward slash. Upon completion of the primary search of that particular room, unit conducting primary search will exit room and draw a back slash, thus completing an ― X ‖. Unit completing primary search will mark the total number of victims encountered in the room living and deceased. This will be written directly underneath their unit number and will be displayed by a number signifying the number of victims found followed by the capital letter ―L‖ signifying the victims found living. Example: 2L Directly underneath the number of victims found living, the number of victims found deceased will also be noted. This will be displayed by a number signifying the number of victims found, followed by the capital letter ―D‖, signifying the number of victims found deceased. Example: 2L 1D If there are zero victims found living and/ or deceased, those numbers must also be displayed. Example: 0L 0D Additionally, the primary search team will make a notation indicating where any live victims found have been evacuated to. This notation will be made in the right quadrant of the ―X‖ that is formed upon exiting the room. It will be displayed by text indicating the specific area, geographic location, or group/ division the victims have been released to. 95 2L 0D 7th floor vestibule This will complete the primary search of that room. 45 Secondary Search Markings Prior to entering room to be searched, unit conducting the secondary search will take note of number of victims found living and deceased by the primary search team. Using a suitable marking device, the unit conducting the secondary search will write their unit number directly below the center of the ―X‖ prior to entering the room. Upon completion of the secondary search of that particular room, unit conducting secondary search will exit room and confirm the number of victims found living and deceased. This will be written directly underneath their unit number and will be displayed in the same manner as the notation used for the primary search, taking into account any discrepancies. Example: Primary Search Results: 0L 0D Secondary Search Results: 0L 1D If any additional live victims are found, the secondary search team will make a notation indicating where they have been evacuated to. This notation will be made in the left quadrant of the ―X‖ that is formed by the primary search team. It will be displayed by text indicating the specific area, geographic location, or group/ division the victims have been released to. The unit accomplishing the secondary search will draw a circle around the ―X‖. This will complete the secondary search of that room. E95 2L 0D 7th floor vestibule Main Lobby E97 1L 1D 46 Firefighter Injury/Illness During an event of this magnitude, it is anticipated that personnel will be injured or otherwise incapacitated by illness. When this does occur, the following procedures will apply: - SNFO Mayday and Emergency Traffic procedures shall be followed based upon the urgency of the situation. - The RIT crew will deploy only upon activation by, and at the discretion of the IC, Ops, or Fire Branch. - Once the injured member is safely moved to the Fire Medical area on the Staging floor, all traffic regarding that member shall take place on the Logs channel. - If the injury/illness is discovered in the staging area as function of Rehab/Fire Medical, no Mayday or Emergency Traffic is required. - The remaining crewmembers shall assist with the movement and care of the firefighter up to and including transport, unless and until reassigned by the IC, Ops, or Fire Branch - Injured personnel will be assessed and initially treated in the Fire Medical area, and according to the SNHD protocols. For those injuries or illnesses that occur more than two floors below the staging area, the IC, Ops, Fire Branch may delegate the EMS Branch to manage the event. - Fire Medical shall advise the Staging Manager of all injuries and illnesses, and shall provide updates on the status and needs of each event. - Once it is determined that further care and transport is required, Fire Medical shall communicate with the Logistics Chief on the Logs channel to coordinate the movement down and out of the building. - This plan calls for two Rescue crews from the 1st alarm to be deployed in the fire Medical area. One of these crews should remain in the Fire Medical area and available for additional injuries while the patient is being moved down and out of the building by the other crew. Accountability Accountability must be everyone’s responsibility on the fire ground. When operating as a unit, each member shall be aware of the whereabouts of the other members through voice (not radio), sight, or touch. The difference between passports and accountability must be stressed. The passport system is a system designed to identify exact people that have become trapped or missing during an incident. As such, passports provide no benefit if they become trapped or missing along with the people in trouble. Any Officer or Supervisor with units assigned under them must maintain unit-level accountability. Command/Operations does not need to know that Fire Fighter X is on a particular Engine to conduct operations. But, when that Engine goes missing, exact people must be known so that it can be determined when the crew is fully accounted for. Personnel Accountability requires that primary passports shall be transferred to the Incident Commander, Operations Section Chief, Branch Director, Staging Area Manager, Division or 47 Group Supervisor, or Task Force / Strike Team Leader that the unit is reporting to. Ideally, the Division and Group Supervisors would remain outside of the hot zone in a position to be able to conduct a PAR if something catastrophic were to happen. In the high-rise setting, this may not be the case. There may be several Divisions and Groups operating with a single Company. If these Division Supervisors remained outside of the hot zone, it would limit their ability to direct and supervise the remaining two or three members of the Division. Because of the large distance between the Command Post and the hot zone, or entry points the following procedures shall apply: Units responding to a high-rise incident, whether on the first alarm or greater alarms shall leave their secondary passports on the Captain’s seat (front right seat) of their apparatus and take their primary pass