Sexually transmited diseases.pdf

fleS eht gnidnatsrednU SEXUAL HEALTH Unit 2 Lesson 3  SEMOCTUO GNINRAEL At the end of the lesson, you are expected to be able to do the following: discuss ways of preventing...

fleS eht gnidnatsrednU SEXUAL HEALTH Unit 2 Lesson 3  SEMOCTUO GNINRAEL At the end of the lesson, you are expected to be able to do the following: discuss ways of preventing the spread of sexually transmitted diseases,.  SEXUAL HEALTH is described as a state of physical, emotional and social well-being in relation to sexuality not merely the absence of disease, dysfunction or infirmity. It requires a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and sexual relationships for the possibility of pleasurable and safe sexual experiences, free of coercion, discrimination, and violence (WHO, 2002)  Sexually-transmitted diseases (STDs) or sexually- transmitted infections (STIs) are spread generally through sexual contact including anal, vaginal, or oral sex. STDs can be caused by bacteria , by parasites, or by viruses DETTIMSNART -YLLAUXES SESAESID STD CAUSED BY BACTERIA GONORRHEA SYPHILIS CHLAMYDIA GONORRHEA is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by infection with the Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacterium. N. gonorrhoeae infects the mucous membranes of the reproductive tract, including the cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes in women, and the urethra in women and men. N. gonorrhoeae can also infect the mucous membranes of the mouth, throat, eyes, and rectum.  GONORRHEA How common is gonorrhea? Gonorrhea is a very common infectious disease. CDC estimates that approximately 1.6 million new gonococcal infections occurred in the United States in 2018, and more than half occur among young people aged 15-24. Gonorrhea is the second most commonly reported bacterial sexually transmitted infection in the United States. However, many infections are asymptomatic, so reported cases only capture a fraction of the true burden.  GONORRHEA How do people get gonorrhea? Gonorrhea is transmitted through sexual contact with the penis, vagina, mouth, or anus of an infected partner. Ejaculation does not have to occur for gonorrhea to be transmitted or acquired. Gonorrhea can also be spread perinatally from mother to baby during childbirth. People who have had gonorrhea and received treatment may be reinfected if they have sexual contact with a person infected with gonorrhea. GONORRHEA GONORRHEA  SYPHILIS Syphilis is a chronic bacterial disease that is contracted chiefly by infection during sexual intercourse, but also congenitally by infection of a developing fetus. It is caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum. Syphilis is a common and dangerous infection that is spread from person to person through sexual contact. It is an infection that is transmitted by direct contact with a syphilitic sore via skin and mucous membranes such as the vagina, anus, rectum, lips and mouth, most commonly during oral, anal or vaginal sexual activity. In rare occasions syphilis spread during kissing.  SYPHILIS Causes of Syphilis It is caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum, Syphilis is caused by a spirochete (a worm-like spiral-shaped bacteria) called Treponema pallidum. It spreads from mother to baby during pregnancy, and it is referred to as congenital syphilis. In addition to spread during sexual activity, syphilis can be spread from mother to baby during pregnancy, referred to as congenital syphilis. Syphilis during pregnancy can result in a stillborn birth or a low birthweight baby, and if left untreated, a baby with syphilis can develop cataracts, deafness, or seizures. In some cases, infants can die from the disease.  SYPHILIS Risk factors You face an increased risk of acquiring syphilis if you: Are a man who has sex with men Are infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS Engage in unprotected sex Have sex with multiple partners  SYPHILIS Symptoms/Signs of Syphilis Fever General ill feeling Joint pain Loss of appetite Moist, warty patches (called condylomata lata) in the genitals or skin folds. Muscle aches Skin rash, usually on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet Sores called mucous patches in or around the mouth, vagina, or penis  SYPHILIS HOW TO AVOID: Avoid having sex with multiple partners Avoid sharing sex toys Get screened for sexually transmitted infections and talk to your partners about their results Syphilis can also be transmitted through shared needles. Avoid sharing needles if you’re going to use drugs Use a dental dam (a square piece of latex) or condoms during oral SYPHILIS  CHLAMYDIA can infect both men and women. It can cause serious, permanent damage to a woman's reproductive system. This can make it difficult or impossible for her to get pregnant later on. Chlamydia can also cause a potentially fatal ectopic pregnancy (pregnancy that occurs outside the womb).  CHLAMYDIA Chlamydia Symptoms If you do get chlamydia symptoms, they usually show up within 1 to 3 weeks after contact.  CHLAMYDIA Chlamydia Causes Chlamydia trachomatis, the bacteria that causes chlamydia, most often spreads through unprotected vaginal, oral, or anal sex. You get it from the semen or vaginal fluid of an infected person. It can also pass from an infected person to another through genital contact, even if there’s no sex. Pregnant women can give it to their unborn children during delivery.  CHLAMYDIA Chlamydia Diagnosis There are a few different tests your doctor can use to diagnose chlamydia. They’ll probably use a swab to take a sample, either from the urethra (the tube urine comes out of) in men or from the cervix in women. It goes to a laboratory for analysis. They may also check a urine sample for the bacteria. Chlamydia Treatments Chlamydia is curable. Because it’s a bacterial infection, doctors can treat it with antibiotics. If you have chlamydia, your doctor will prescribe oral antibiotics, usually azithromycin (Zithromax) or doxycycline. They’ll also recommend your partner(s) get treated to prevent reinfection and further spread of the disease. CHLAMYDIA STD CAUSED BY PARASITES TRICHOMONIASIS  TRICHOMONIASIS also called trich. Trich is caused by a tiny one-celled parasite named Trichomonas vaginalis. Anyone who’s sexually active can get it. It affects women more than men, older women more than younger ones, and African American women more than white or Hispanic women. People with trich often don’t have any symptoms, and it doesn’t usually cause problems. But if you don’t get treatment, it raises your chances of getting or spreading other STDs, including HIV. STD CAUSED BY VIRUSES HPV HSV HIV  HPV HPV causes The virus that causes HPV infection is transmitted through skin-to-skin contact. Most people get a genital HPV infection through direct sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. Because HPV is a skin-to-skin infection, intercourse isn’t required for transmission to occur. Many people have HPV and don’t even know it, which means you can still contract it even if your partner doesn’t have any symptoms. It’s also possible to have multiple types of HPV. In rare cases, a mother who has HPV can transmit the virus to her baby during delivery. When this happens, the child may develop a condition called recurrent respiratory papillomatosis where they develop HPV- related warts inside their throat or airways.  HPV Frequent Symptoms The most frequent symptom of HPV infection is actually no symptoms at all. This is what healthcare providers refer to as an asymptomatic infection. An HPV infection that occurs and then clears is called a transient infection. This type of HPV infection occurs most commonly in younger sexually active women.  HSV Herpes simplex viruses -- more commonly known as herpes -- are categorized into two types: herpes type 1 (HSV-1, or oral herpes) and herpes type 2 (HSV-2, or genital herpes). Most commonly, herpes type 1 causes sores around the mouth and lips (sometimes called fever blisters or cold sores). HSV-1 can cause genital herpes, but most cases of genital herpes are caused by herpes type 2. In HSV-2, the infected person may have sores around the genitals or rectum. Although HSV-2 sores may occur in other locations, these sores usually are found below the waist. SEE YOU NEXT TIME! GOOD LUCK WITH THE EXAM!