Philippine Literature Under Martial Law PDF

Philippine Literature Under the Martial Law RECAPITULATION  History Literature broadly is any collection of written work that allows people to interpret their thoughts, opinions, emotions, and even the slice of their life. Literature has been around since an individ...

Philippine Literature Under the Martial Law RECAPITULATION  History Literature broadly is any collection of written work that allows people to interpret their thoughts, opinions, emotions, and even the slice of their life. Literature has been around since an individual discovered writing, and it is one thing that plays a big part of our life up until now that people use this in various forms with different means. AGREE!  History The period of activism in the Philippines started in 1970 and lasted until 1972. It was a time when the youth became more involved in social and political issues. According to Pociano Pineda, youth activism in 1970-72 was due to domestic and worldwide causes and the youth moved to seek reforms because of the ills of society. NEXT  History After signing the Proclamation No. 1081, the tenth President of the Philippines; Ferdinand E. Marcos officially declared the country to be on martial law on September 21, 1972 NEXT  History During his term, many have feared his strong and ambitious character, and his power and political stances. And this made a massive change that affected about 44 million Filipinos. Marcos being the dictator, doesn’t favor the people of the Philippines. NEXT  History The declaration of Martial Law, stifled the creativity of most writers. The freedom of speech, media and your own human rights were oppressed. NEXT  History Some people said that the reign of Marcos was their Golden Years while some people said that this was the Philippines' darkest era. But one thing that we're certain of is that the government silenced and controlled the media. NEXT  History On September 22, 1972, Marcos issued the Letter of Instruction No. 1 which states that he will take over and control all newspapers, magazines, radios, books and televisions and other mass media. Anyone who will speak ill of the government and plant propaganda against the regime will be sent to jail. NEXT  History September 25, 1972. The Department of Public Information issued Dept Order No. 1 which states the policies and guidelines for news media outlets. It states that they should assist the martial regime and any editorial opinion or commentary that is critical of Marcos’s reign is forbidden. NEXT  When Martial Law was declared, the writers found themselves silenced. The literature rooted in commitment that had flowered earlier could no longer be written. NEXT  But the voice that spoke so eloquently could not be stilled forever. Gradually, the writers found their voice. The composition of the group of writers whose works have already built a name for themselves. NEXT  Literary Works during the Martial Law Era During his regimentation, there were different form of literature that were being used. These forms that the journalists used include Prison Literature, Protest Literature, Proletarian Literature, and Circumvention Literature. The journalists used these as their weapons but they suffer at the end. AGREE!  Prison Literature Prison Literature Refers to literary works produced by During martial law in the Philippines, many writers authors who are incarcerated or were imprisoned, and some of them produced literary works while in confinement. Here are some confined in a secluded area such as a examples of prison literature produced during martial law: prison cell. During martial law, the government arrested not only political Mila Aguilar’s Why Cage Pigeons(1984) and media dissidents but also writers and scholars such as Bienvenido Pintig Sa Malamig na Bakal: Poems and Letters from Philippine Prisons (1979) Lumbera, Ninotchka Rosca, Ricardo Lee, and Jose Ma. Sison. NEXT  Social Realism in Protest Literature Protest Literature Sometimes called as revolutionary Works that aimed to effect social change by literature, refers to works that express portraying the truths of society, everyday happenings, current events, and interaction and distaste, disagreement, or transgression disparity of social classes to the present government, applicable to The poet Amado Hernandez, who was also a union leader and social activist, also wrote novels the current political, social, and/or advocating social change. economic conditions of the country when - Luha ng Buwaya (1963) deals with the struggle the works were written. A notable between the oppressed peasantry and the class of politically powerful landlords. example was Lualhati Bautista’s Dekada - Mga Ibong Mandaragit (1969) deals with the ’70. domination of Filipinos by American industry. NEXT  Mars shall glow tonight, Death shall not unclench me. Artemis is out of sight. I am earth, wind, and sea! Rust in the twilight sky Kisses bestow on the brave Colors a bloodshot eye, That defy the damp of the grave And strike the chill hand of Or shall I say that dust Death with the flaming sword of love. Sunders the sleep of the just? Orion stirs. The vulture Retreats from the hard, pure Hold fast to the gift of fire! Iam rage! Thrust of the spark that burns, I am wrath! I am ire! Unbinds, departs, returns To pluck out of death’s fist The vulture sits on my rock, A god who dared to resist. Licks at the chains that mock Emancipation’s breath, “Prometheus Unbound” Reeks of death, death, death Jose “Pete” Lacaba NEXT  Lacaba proved to be a staunch critic of the Marcosian dictatorship as he wrote this poem in protest, also mentioning Hitler, a dictator as well. In the guise of the pen name Ruben Cuevas, the poem “Prometheus Unbound” was published by Focus Magazine in 1973. When you read the first letter of every line, you will read “MARCOS HITLER DIKTADOR TUTA” Mars shall glow tonight, Death shall not unclench me. Artemis is out of sight. I am earth, wind, and sea! Rust in the twilight sky Kisses bestow on the brave Colors a bloodshot eye, That defy the damp of the grave And strike the chill hand of Or shall I say that dust Death with the flaming sword of love. Sunders the sleep of the just? Orion stirs. The vulture Retreats from the hard, pure Hold fast to the gift of fire! Iam rage! Thrust of the spark that burns, I am wrath! I am ire! Unbinds, departs, returns To pluck out of death’s fist The vulture sits on my rock, A god who dared to resist. Licks at the chains that mock Emancipation’s breath, “Prometheus Unbound” Reeks of death, death, death Jose “Pete” Lacaba NEXT  Proletarian Literature Proletarian Literature Refers to literary works written by Arturo B. Rotor, puts it clearly in an interview that most of the texts available during that time show the working-class authors about the working beautiful side of the country such as the scenery in class. According to Salvador P. Lopez, it Manila Bay or the provinces. However, he feels that literature should also introduce what social injustice is shows the experiences and struggles of and how it affects Filipinos during that time. The reality of that period should be seen and realized the working class. through these literary texts. Proletarian literature is created especially Hernando Ocampo, before he became known as a visual artist, wrote stories like “We or They,” depicting by communist, socialist, and anarchist hungry peasants looting a rice warehouse and getting killed by the guards. As Lopez put it, the “truly sensitive authors, and it is about the lives of the writer” is one who “reacts positively to the social milieu poor. wherein he is born by becoming the interpreter of the hope and despair, the freedom and predicament, the tradition and destiny of man in his time. NEXT  Circumvention Literature Refers to literary works refers to literary works that express social and political transgression through metaphors, allegories, symbolisms, etc. Some examples of circumvention literature include Jose “Pete” Lacaba’s Sister Stella L. (1984) and Bayan Ko: Kapit sa Patalim (1985). Bienvenido Lumbera said the “literature of circumvention” prevalent from 1972 to 1983 was the artists’ way of “talking about and speaking the truth.  Notable Authors under Martial Law Lualhati Bautista 1. Dekada '70 (Decade 2. Bata, Bata, Pa'no Ka 3. GAPO is a novel '70) is a novel that Ginawa? (Child, Child, How about a group of follows the lives of a Were You Made?) is a novel that tells the story of a political prisoners who middle-class Filipino are being held in a young teenage girl who family during the martial gets pregnant. The novel military camp. The law era. The novel explores the themes of novel explores the explores the themes of sexual abuse, poverty, and political oppression, themes of torture, the choices that women social injustice, and the have to make in a resilience, and the struggle for freedom. patriarchal society. human spirit. NEXT  Notable Authors under Martial Law Pete Lacaba 3. Ang Mga Kagila-Gilalas 1. Mga Agimat, Mga 2. Sa Sariling Bayan na Pakikipagsapalaran ni Anting-Anting (Amulets (In My Own Zoraida (The Amazing and Talismans) is a Adventures of Zoraida) is a Country) is a novel about a young collection of short collection of essays woman who travels through stories that use satire time and meets various and humor to expose that reflect on the historical figures from the hypocrisy and Filipino identity and Philippine history. The novel absurdity of the the struggle for is a satirical and subversive take on the Marcos regime Marcos regime. democracy. and the Filipino identity. NEXT  Notable Authors under Martial Law Bienvenido Lumbera 2. May Isang Sundalong 3. Sining ng 1. Likhang Dila, Likhang Humayo (A Soldier Went Pagbabasa (The Art Diwa (Creation of the Out) of Reading) Tongue, Creation of the Mind) is a poem about a soldier is a collection of who leaves his family to fight for his country. The essays that explore is a collection of essays that explore the themes poem explores the the importance of of language, literature, themes of war, sacrifice, reading and the and the Filipino identity. and the longing for role of literature in home. society. NEXT  Notable Authors under Martial Law Mila Aguilar Jose Ma. Sison Pedro Cruz Reyes Reyes is a writer and 1. Aguilar is a writer and Sison is a poet, essayist, and activist who wrote the activist who wrote the activist who wrote the book "Pintig Sa Malamig na book "Sa Mga Kuko ng book "Why Cage Liwanag" during Bakal: Poems and Letters Pigeons?" while in prison Martial Law from Philippine Prisons" while during Martial Law in prison during Martial Law. The book is a collection of The book is a novel The book is a collection of poems and letters that that explores the lives essays and poems that reflect the experiences of of the poor and reflect the social and political prisoners during political issues of the time that time marginalized during that time. NEXT  Notable Authors under Martial Law Lamberto Antonio Antonio is a writer and activist who wrote the book "Ang Mga Anino ng Kahapon" during Martial Law The book is a collection of short stories that reflect the social and political issues of the time. NEXT  Despite of the chaos that were happening, they didn’t stop writing. They still try to speak out the truth to the public and fight for their rights. Even though, the government made a law that would journalists would have a limit on their writings against Marcos’ regime. START  Significant Contributions Martial law literature also played a vital role in of Martial Law to Philippine mobilizing and inspiring the opposition to the Literature Marcos regime. By providing a platform for dissent and a sense of shared struggle, martial Philippine literature under martial law law writers helped to build a broad movement made significant contributions to the for democracy and human rights. development of Filipino national identity and consciousness. By documenting the abuses of the Alternative Literary Forms: Martial Law spurred the Marcos regime and the resilience of emergence of alternative literary forms, including protest poetry, underground publications, and street the Filipino people, martial law writers theater, as mainstream media faced censorship. helped to keep the flame of hope alive during a dark period in Filipino writers used literature as a weapon to fight against the oppressive regime. Philippine history. NEXT  Awareness and Mobilization: Literature became a Positive Impacts of Martial powerful tool for raising awareness about human Law to Philippine rights abuses, censorship, and political repression. It mobilized Filipinos to protest the Marcos regime. Literature Martial law literature helped to raise awareness of Literature during martial law helped the human rights abuses of the Marcos regime and raise awareness of the social and to promote social justice and political reform. political issues of the time. It also helped to strengthen Filipino national identity It inspired people to fight against the and consciousness by showcasing the resilience oppressive regime. and courage of the Filipino people. Martial law literature also helped to document the It helped preserve the memory of experiences of ordinary Filipinos during this period, the atrocities committed during giving a voice to those who were marginalized and martial law. silenced by the regime. NEXT  Negative Impacts of Martial Law to Philippine Martial law writers faced a Literature number of challenges, including censorship, imprisonment, and The government took and controlled all harassment. privately owned newspapers, The repressive environment also magazines, radio, television facilities, and all other media, stifling the freedom made it difficult for martial law of speech and media writers to publish their works and The Writ of Habeas Corpus was to reach a wide audience. suspended, allowing people to be captured or imprisoned even without a Some martial law literature has warrant of arrest been criticized for being too People who wrote against the didactic or for glorifying violence. government were captured and tortured NEXT Importance of Martial Law to Philippine Literature Resilience and Creative Resistance: The period Historical Record: Martial Law demonstrates how literature can literature serves as a crucial historical be a means of creative record, providing insights into the resistance against authoritarian period's political and social dynamics. rule, highlighting the enduring Inspiration for Activism: These power of art and words even in writings continue to inspire current and the face of adversity. future generations to engage in activism, defending democracy and human rights. NEXT  Overall, Philippine literature during martial law played a significant role in raising awareness of the social and political issues of the time, inspiring people to fight against the oppressive regime, and preserving the memory of the atrocities committed during martial law. It also highlights the importance of freedom of speech and media and the power of literature as a tool for social and political change. It provides a unique perspective on the Marcos regime and its impact on the Filipino people. Martial law literature also serves as a powerful reminder of the dangers of political oppression and the importance of fighting for freedom and democracy. NEXT  End of discussion SURVEY OF PHILIPPINE LITERATURE