Science Reviewer Barebones Edition PDF

Module 5 - Biomolecules Definition - occurs in natural organisms - Consists of Carbon and Hydrogen with Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulfur and Phosphorus - Covalently bond together - Molecular structure dictates the function Structure - Composed of polymers - polymers: aggregates of m...

Module 5 - Biomolecules Definition - occurs in natural organisms - Consists of Carbon and Hydrogen with Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulfur and Phosphorus - Covalently bond together - Molecular structure dictates the function Structure - Composed of polymers - polymers: aggregates of monomers - monomers: single repeating pattern of carbohydrate, protein, or nucleic acid Function - energy source & storage (carbohydrate) - metabolic energy storage/heat insulation (lipids) - growth and repair (protein) - Genetic Information Storage (Nucleic Acid)  Module 6 - Energy Sources Harnessing Energy - Heat: from bond breaking/formation in fuel - Kinetic: Using heat to evaporate water - Mechanical: using the steam push mechanisms - Electrical: energy from mechanisms into electricity Renewable to Non-Renewable - Forms of Non: 1. Coal 2. Oil 3. Natural Gas - Forms of Re: 1. Solar 2. Wind 3. Hydro 4. Geothermal 5. Biomass Energy Use - The Philippines consumes an ave. of 248.1 kWh (2015) - 4,000 billion kWh globally in 2023 Forms of Energy - Main Forms: 1. chemical energy 2. mechanical energy 3. nuclear energy 4. gravitational energy 5. light energy 6. radiant energy 7. sound energy 8. motion energy 9. thermal energy 10. electrical energy  Module 7 - Models of the Solar System Heliocentric vs Geocentric - Heliocentric (center sun) a. First presented by Aristarchus b. Supported by Nicolaus Copernicus c. Still not accurate due to the orbits being perfect - Geocentric (center earth) a. First believed by Greeks b. The most sophisticated ver. Made by Ptolemy c. First from Plato, then followed by his students Proponents of Early Astronomy A. Aristotle - proposed the Earth was round B. Eratosthenes - Measured the size of the earth using shadows C. Ptolemy - Created the most sophisticated ver. Of the Geocentric model D. Aristarchus - First Proposed the Heliocentric Model E. Nicolaus Copernicus - Supported Heliocentrism and created the Copernican Model F. Johannes Kepler - Created the Laws of Planetary Motion G. Tycho Brahe - Known for his astronomical observations which led Kepler to his theories of the Solar system Kepler's Laws of Motion (Applied) 1. the orbit of each planet around the Sun is an ellipse with the Sun at one focus. 2. as a planet moves around its orbit, it sweeps out equal areas at equal times. This means that a planet travels faster when it is nearer to the Sun and slower when it is farther from the Sun. 3. More distant planets orbit the Sun at slower average speeds, obeying the relationships  Module 8 - Development of Motion Aristotelian vs Galilean Thoughts Aristotle Galileo MOTION MOTION - No motion occurs without a - An object will continue mover. moving in the absence of - Created the Theory of friction Natural and Forced Motion - Proposed Inertia 1. Natural Motion Inertia - Objects tend to seek - The tendency of an object their natural place to remain at rest or in motion with a constant 2. Forced motion velocity, unless acted - Any force that upon by an external force. opposes Natural Motion FREE FALL FREE FALL - An object’s mass the speed - without air resistance, of an object's fall is objects would fall at the directly proportional to same acceleration and at its weight the same time Computation of Speed and Acceleration - (d) distance, (v) velocity, (t) time (answer unit is m/s) - Acceleration ∆𝑉 𝑉2−𝑉1 𝐹 𝑎= ∆𝑇 = 𝑇2− 𝑇1 or 𝑎= 𝑚