General Physics: First Sem Final Term Reviewer PDF

First Sem: Final Term Reviewer GENERAL PHYSICS STUDENTS’ ADVISORY BOARD 2. Kinetic friction - acts when a body slides or rolls over a I. FORCES AND NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTIONS...

First Sem: Final Term Reviewer GENERAL PHYSICS STUDENTS’ ADVISORY BOARD 2. Kinetic friction - acts when a body slides or rolls over a I. FORCES AND NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTIONS surface A. FORCE Coefficient of friction An interaction between two bodies or between a body and its - The ratio between the force necessary to move on surface environment horizontally over another and the pressure between the two Measured in units of Newton (N) which is equivalent to unit surfaces kg・m/s^2 B. NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION Law of inertia - an object at rest tends to stay at rest and an TYPES OF FORCES object in motion tends to stay in motion with the same speed Contact forces - two interacting objects are physically in contact with and in the same direction unless acted upon by an each other unbalanced force 1. Applied force (𝐹𝑎𝑝𝑝) - force which is applied to an object by ○ Inertia - the resistance an object has to change its another object or by a person state of motion 2. Tensional force or tension (𝐹𝑇) - force which is transmitted ○ The greater the mass, the greater the inertia an object has through a string, rope, or wire when it is pulled tight by Law of Acceleration - the acceleration of an object as forces acting at each end produced by a net force is directly proportional to the - Directed along the wire and pulls equally on the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net objects on either end of the wire force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object 3. Normal force (𝐹𝑛) - support exerted upon an object which is ○ Free-body diagram or force diagram - a in contact with another stable object graphical illustration used to visualize the applied 4. Frictional force (𝐹𝑓) - force exerted by a surface as an forces, moments and resulting reactions on a body object moves across it or makes an effort to move across it in a given condition - Opposes the motion of the object Law of Interaction - for every action, there is an equal and - Can be calculated using the equation 𝐹𝑓 = µ𝐹𝑛 opposite reaction II. STATIC EQUILIBRIUM Non-Contact forces - two interacting object are not in physical Equilibrium contact with each other, but are able to exert a force despite a physical The state in which all the individual forces exerted upon an separation object are balanced 1. Gravitational force (𝐹𝑔) - force with which any celestial A condition where there is no change in the state of motion body attracts an object towards itself in the body - It is equal to the weight of the object If the object in equilibrium is at rest or constant velocity, then - 𝐹𝑔 = 𝑚𝑔 the object is in static equilibrium ○ Static Equilibrium - the net force acting on an Mass vs Weight object in equilibrium is zero - Mass is the amount of matter that is contained by the object. We measure the mass in kilograms III. WORK - Weight is the force of gravity acting upon an object and it Force applied to an object causing displacement changes depending on the location Done when the force applied to the object causes the object to have a displacement in the same direction as the net force 2. Electromagnetic force - this occurs between electrically applied charged particles. It acts between charged particles and is the Measured in Joule (J) or N・m or kg・m/s^2・m combination of all magnetic and electrical forces. Scalar quantity W = Fd Static and Kinetic Friction W = Fdcos0 1. Static friction - acts when there is no relative motion between bodies IV. ENERGY Energy STUDENTS’ ADVISORY BOARD. 1  Ability of a body or a physical system to do work The law of conservation of momentum states that in an Measured in Joule (J) which is equivalent to N・m isolated system the total momentum of two or more bodies acting upon each other remains constant unless an external TYPES OF ENERGY force is applied 1. Potential Energy - energy that is stored in an object due to Based on Newton’s 1st law of motion its position or condition - PE = mgh 2. Kinetic Energy - a form of energy that is due to its motion - KE =½ mv^2 - When work is done on an object there will be a change in that object’s kinetic energy Law of Conservation of Energy Energy can neither be created nor destroyed - only converted Collision from one form of energy to another - This occurs when two objects come in direct contact. It is the This means that a system always has the same amount of event in which two or more bodies exert forces on each in energy unless it’s added from the outside about a relatively short time ME = KE + PE - Whenever an object in motion comes into contact with ○ ME = ½ mv^2 +mgh another object, this phenomena is called a collision 1. Elastic collisions - this occurs when there is no net loss in V. POWER kinetic energy in the system due to the collision Power - The objects involved remain separate This is the rate at which work is done or which energy is - Elastic energy and momentum is conserved transferred Measured in Watt (W) where it is equivalent to joules per 2. Inelastic collisions - this occurs when there is a loss of second (J/s) kinetic energy. The lost kinetic energy is transformed into P = W/t thermal energy, sound energy, and material deformation - Perfectly inelastic are where two objects collide, VI. MOMENTUM AND IMPULSE which after they move together as one mass Momentum This refers to the quantity of motion that an object has Measured in the SI unit kg・m/s ○ P = mv Momentum helps us to understand the tendency of moving objects to stop The faster the object is moving, the greater the momentum The greater the mass of an object, the greater the momentum The greater the momentum, the harder it is for the object to change its motion or stop Impulse The force acting on an object for a given time Measured in N・s ○ I = F∆t Impulse-Momentum Theorem This theorem states that the impulse is equal to the change in the momentum of the object VII. LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM STUDENTS’ ADVISORY BOARD. 2 Constitution of restitution The ratio of final velocity to the initial velocity between two objects after their collision This measures the elasticity of the collision STUDENTS’ ADVISORY BOARD. 3