Forces and Newton's Laws of Motion
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Questions and Answers

What does kinetic friction act upon?

  • An object lifted off the ground
  • A body at rest with no external forces
  • An object sliding or rolling over a surface (correct)
  • A stationary object on a surface

What does the coefficient of friction measure?

  • The maximum speed of an object on a surface
  • The ratio of applied force to the mass of an object
  • The force necessary to move on a surface horizontally relative to the pressure (correct)
  • The force required to maintain motion relative to the normal force

According to Newton's first law of motion, what happens to an object at rest?

  • It will eventually lose all of its energy and remain in motion.
  • It will move in a random direction with constant speed.
  • It tends to stay at rest unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. (correct)
  • It will start moving after a short period of time.

What does the law of inertia define?

<p>The ability of an object to resist changes in its state of motion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario best illustrates the concept of an applied force?

<p>A person pushing a stalled car (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of measurement for energy?

<p>Joule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which equation represents kinetic energy?

<p>$KE = ½ mv^2$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to energy in a closed system according to the law of conservation of energy?

<p>It remains constant unless an external force is applied. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of energy is stored in an object due to its position?

<p>Potential Energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes an elastic collision?

<p>There is no net loss in kinetic energy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which formula correctly represents the mechanical energy of a system?

<p>$ME = KE + PE$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is work related to kinetic energy?

<p>Work causes a change in kinetic energy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what situation will the total momentum of a system remain constant?

<p>During a collision between two objects. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to express gravitational force?

<p>F_g = mg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding weight and mass?

<p>Mass is the amount of matter, measured in kilograms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition defines static equilibrium?

<p>The net force acting on an object is zero. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Electromagnetic force acts between which types of particles?

<p>Electrically charged particles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which equation correctly describes work done on an object?

<p>W = Fd , cos , \theta (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes static friction?

<p>It acts when there is no relative motion between bodies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about mass is incorrect?

<p>Mass varies depending on location. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for an object to be in dynamic equilibrium?

<p>It is moving with a constant velocity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is power defined as in relation to work?

<p>The rate at which work is done or energy is transferred (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is momentum measured?

<p>In kilograms meters per second (kg·m/s) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during inelastic collisions?

<p>Kinetic energy is lost and transformed into other energy forms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the impulse-momentum theorem state?

<p>Impulse is equal to the change in momentum of an object (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for impulse?

<p>I = F∆t (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about perfectly inelastic collisions?

<p>The objects move together as one mass after the collision (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the coefficient of restitution measure?

<p>The ratio of final to initial velocity post-collision (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between momentum and mass according to the content?

<p>Greater mass results in greater momentum at constant velocity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of tension force?

<p>Force transmitted through a string, rope, or wire when it is pulled tight. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Law of Acceleration, how is acceleration affected by net force and mass?

<p>Acceleration is directly proportional to the net force and inversely proportional to the mass. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a free-body diagram or force diagram illustrate?

<p>The applied forces, moments, and resulting reactions on a body. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of frictional force in motion?

<p>It opposes the motion of an object. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes static equilibrium?

<p>An object is at rest with balanced individual forces acting on it. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of non-contact forces?

<p>They allow interaction between objects despite physical separation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the frictional force be calculated?

<p>By using the equation $F_f = µF_n$, where $µ$ is the coefficient of friction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Law of Interaction state?

<p>For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Force

An interaction between two bodies or a body and its environment, measured in Newtons (kg⋅m/s²).

Kinetic Friction

Friction that acts when a body slides or rolls over a surface.

Coefficient of friction

Ratio of force needed to move an object over a surface to the pressure between the surfaces.

Law of Inertia

An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and direction unless acted on by an unbalanced force.

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Inertia

Resistance an object has to change its state of motion.

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Tensional Force

Force transmitted through a string, rope, or wire when pulled tight.

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Normal Force

Support force exerted on an object in contact with a stable object.

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Frictional Force

Force opposing motion or attempted motion across a surface.

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Law of Acceleration

Acceleration of an object is directly proportional to net force and inversely proportional to mass.

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Free-body diagram

Graphical illustration of forces, moments, and reactions on an object.

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Equilibrium

State where all forces on an object are balanced.

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Law of Interaction

For every action, there's an equal and opposite reaction.

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Static Equilibrium

State where all forces on an object are balanced.

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Gravitational Force (Fg)

The force with which a celestial body attracts an object towards itself. It equals the object's weight.

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Mass

The amount of matter in an object, measured in kilograms.

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Weight

The force of gravity acting on an object; it changes with location.

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Electromagnetic Force

The force between electrically charged particles, combining electric and magnetic forces.

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Static Friction

Friction that acts when there's no relative motion between two objects.

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Work Formula

Work (W) = Force (F) × distance (d) × cos(θ)

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Power

The rate at which work is done or energy is transferred. Measured in Watts (W), which is equivalent to Joules per second (J/s).

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Work-Energy Principle

The work done on an object is equal to the change in the object's kinetic energy.

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Elastic Collision

A collision where kinetic energy is conserved, meaning no energy is lost. Objects remain separate after impact.

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Inelastic Collision

A collision where kinetic energy is lost due to factors like heat, sound, or deformation. Objects can stick together.

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Momentum

The quantity of motion an object has. Measured in kg⋅m/s.

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Impulse

The change in momentum of an object due to a force acting over a specific time. Measured in N⋅s.

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Impulse-Momentum Theorem

Impulse (force over time) is equal to the change in momentum of an object.

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Coefficient of Restitution

A measure of the elasticity of a collision. It's the ratio of the final velocity to the initial velocity between two objects.

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Energy

The ability of a body or a physical system to do work. Measured in Joules (J), which is equivalent to N⋅m.

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Potential Energy

Energy stored in an object due to its position or condition. Calculated as PE = mgh, where m is mass, g is gravitational acceleration, and h is height.

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Kinetic Energy

Energy an object possesses due to its motion. Calculated as KE = ½ mv², where m is mass and v is velocity.

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Law of Conservation of Energy

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

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Collision

An event where two or more bodies exert forces on each other over a short time, resulting in a change in their motion.

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What is momentum?

A measure of an object's mass in motion. It is calculated by multiplying mass and velocity.

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Law of Conservation of Momentum

In an isolated system, the total momentum of interacting bodies remains constant unless an external force is applied.

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Study Notes

Forces and Newton's Laws of Motion

  • Force is an interaction between two bodies or a body and its environment
  • Measured in Newtons (N), equivalent to kg⋅m/s²
  • Contact forces involve physical touch between objects
    • Applied force (Fapp): force applied to an object
    • Tensional force (FT): force transmitted through a string, rope, or wire
    • Normal force (FN): support exerted on an object by a surface
    • Frictional force (Ff): opposes motion or attempted motion across a surface, calculated as Ff = μFN
  • Non-contact forces act without physical contact
    • Gravitational force (Fg): force of attraction between any two objects with mass, Fg = mg
      • Mass: amount of matter in an object
      • Weight: force of gravity acting on an object
    • Electromagnetic force: force between charged particles

Kinetic Friction

  • Friction that occurs when an object slides or rolls over a surface
  • Coefficient of friction: ratio of the force needed to move an object horizontally to the pressure between the surfaces
  • Law of inertia (Newton's 1st Law): an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force
    • Inertia: resistance to change in motion
      • Greater mass = greater inertia

Newton's Laws of Motion

  • Law of Acceleration (Newton's 2nd Law): Acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass, F = ma
    • Free-body diagram: graphical illustration of forces acting on an object
  • Law of Interaction (Newton's 3rd Law): For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

Static Equilibrium

  • State where all forces acting on an object are balanced
  • Net force = 0
  • Can be at rest or constant velocity

Work

  • Force applied to an object causing displacement
  • Measured in Joules (J), N⋅m, or kg⋅m²/s²
  • W = Fdcosθ , where F is force, d is displacement, and θ is the angle between F and d

Energy, Power, and Momentum

  • Energy: body's ability to do work, measured in Joules (J)
    • Potential energy (PE): energy due to position or condition, PE = mgh
    • Kinetic energy (KE): energy due to motion, KE = ½mv²
    • Conservation of energy: energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed
  • Power: rate of energy transfer or work done, measured in Watts (W), W/t
  • Momentum: quantity of motion, measured in kg⋅m/s, p = mv
  • Impulse: force acting on an object for a given time, measured in N⋅s, I = FΔt
  • Impulse-momentum theorem: Impulse equals the change in momentum of an object, I=Δp

Collisions

  • Collision: when objects come into direct contact
    • Elastic collision: no net loss in kinetic energy, objects remain separate
    • Inelastic collision: loss of kinetic energy, objects may combine

Coefficient of Restitution (e)

  • Ratio of final to initial velocity after a collision.
  • Measures the elasticity of a collision
    • e = 1 for perfectly elastic collisions
    • 0 < e < 1 for inelastic collisions
    • e = 0 for perfectly inelastic collisions

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Description

Explore the principles of forces and Newton's laws of motion in this quiz. Learn about contact and non-contact forces, measuring force, and the effects of friction. Test your understanding of concepts like gravitational force and applied forces.

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