Agricultural and Industrial Revolution PDF

Philippine Christian University College of Arts and Sciences Social Sciences Department The Contemporary World...

Philippine Christian University College of Arts and Sciences Social Sciences Department The Contemporary World Reading Material Chapter 3 Lesson 3 Lesson Title: AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Lesson Objectives: Define agricultural and industrial revolution. Identify the different economic changes in relation to agriculture and industry. Recognize the impacts of economic revolution. Enumerate some economic causalities. Term to Ponder agricultural revolution definition outlines specific periods in human civilization when farming techniques drastically improved the mass cultivation of crops within a relatively short period of time industrial revolution is the process of change from an agrarian and handicraft economy to one dominated by industry and machine manufacturing AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION 1. First (Neolithic) Agricultural Revolution. The First Agricultural Revolution created farming as we know it over 12000 years ago and essentially ended the era of hunting and gathering. 2. Second (British) Agricultural Revolution. The Second Agricultural Revolution (British Agricultural Revolution) dramatically increased crop yields and allowed a population boom in Britain and elsewhere. 3. Third Agricultural Revolution (Green Revolution). The Third Agricultural Revolution (Green Revolution) is the most recent agricultural revolution and brought about the widespread adoption of agrochemicals and cross-breeding of plants. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 1. First Industrial Revolution: Coal in 1765 a. The original industrial revolution transformed our economy from agriculture to industry. b. Processes became mechanized and products were manufactured for the first time. c. During this period, the discovery of coal and its mass extraction, as well as the development of the steam engine and metal forging completely changed the way goods were produced and exchanged. d. Inventions such as spinning machines and looms to make fabric were making their appearance. Canal transportation began replacing wagon and mules for moving around these goods. 2. Second Industrial Revolution: Gas in 1870 a. As the first industrial revolution was driven by coal, the second revolved around the discovery of electricity, gas and oil. b. The invention of the combustion engine went hand-in-hand with these fuel sources. Both steel- and chemically based products entered the market during this time. c. Developments in communication technology got a jump start with the telegraph and later the telephone. d. Transportation grew by leaps and bounds with the invention of the plane and car. Mechanical production grew in speed through the advent of mass production. 3. Third Industrial Revolution: Electronics and Nuclear in 1969 a. After another hundred years, nuclear energy and electronics enter the landscape. b. Nuclear power began in Europe, grew in both Great Britain and the United States, went into remission for years, and grew in Asia. 4. Fourth Industrial Revolution: Internet and Renewable Energy in 2000 a. As we continue moving through the fourth industrial revolution, we see a shift to renewable energy such as solar, wind and geothermal. b. However, the momentum comes not from the shift in energy but from the acceleration of digital technology. c. The internet and the digital world mean a real-time connection within more and more components of a production line, both inside and outside facility walls. d. As the development of the Industrial Internet of Things, cloud technology and artificial intelligence continue, a virtual world will merge with the physical world. e. Predictive maintenance and real-time data will lead to smarter business decisions and work order solutions for a myriad of companies around the world. 1 2