Reviewer in Purposive Communication PDF

**REVIEWER IN PURPOSIVE COMUNICATION** **Communication Processes, Principles, and Ethics.** Communication -comes from the Latin word communicare which means to share; it is an act of conveying meaning to a person or group of people using mutually understood symbols, gestures, behaviours and semio...

**REVIEWER IN PURPOSIVE COMUNICATION** **Communication Processes, Principles, and Ethics.** Communication -comes from the Latin word communicare which means to share; it is an act of conveying meaning to a person or group of people using mutually understood symbols, gestures, behaviours and semiotic rules. Communication Process **Source-** The source has ideas, needs, intentions, information and a purpose for communication which he translated into a code, a language. **Message-** The translation of ideas proposes and intentions to a code and a systematic set of symbols. **Channel-** This means by which a message is conveyed. When we answer a phone call, the phone is the channel. **Receiver-** The receiver is the person who receives the message. **Feedback-** Refers to the response or reaction that follows a message. Nine Principles of Efective Comunication **Clarity-** Clarity makes speeches understandable. **Concreteness-** It reduces misunderstandings. \- messages must be supported by facts **Courtesy-** It involves being polite in terms of approach and manner of addressing an individual. **Correctness-** Glaring mistakes in grammar obscures the meaning of a sentence. Also, the misuse of language can damage your credibility. **Consideration-** actively reflecting on the needs, feelings, and perspectives of your audience. **Creativity-** Having the ability to craft interesting messages in terms of sentence structure and word choice. **Conciseness-** Simplicity and directness help you to be concise. **Cultural Sensitivity-** Emphasis on empowering diverse cultures, lifestyles, and races. **Captivating-** Strives to make messages interesting. **Ethics-** The moral system or judgement of what is right from wrong and also refers to the values, conduct, manners and behavior with the respect of rightness and wrongness of an action. **Communication and Globalization** **Globalization** refers to the economical phenomenon; which follows the path of the exchange of goods and nations. In communication, globalization refers to the **communication and assimilation** among individuals, ethnicities, races, institutions, governments of various nations supported by technology and compelled by international trade. Local and Global Communication in Multi Cultural Setting **Intercultural awareness** is simply understanding both your own and other cultures, particularly their similarities and differences. **Intercultural competence** is essential for us to live harmoniously despite our differences in culture. **Intercultural communication** refers to interaction of people from different cultures. Forms of Intercultual Communication **Interracial Communication-** An approach to relations among members of these groups that focuses on the recognition and respect of cultural differences. **Interethnic communication** defines as the interaction with people of different races. **International communication** is the communication practice that occurs across international borders. The need for international communication was due to the increasing effects and influences of globalization. **Intracultural communication** is a discipline that studies communication across different culture and social groups, or how culture affects communication. Communication style among cultures differs; it may be **high-context or low-context communication.** **High Context Communication** Defines as, tradition-linked communication system which adheres strongly to being indirect. **Low Context Comunication** Defines as, a system that works on straightforward communication. **Varieties and Registers of Spoken and Written Language** **What is a Register?** refers to the degree of formality of language. \< language used by a group of people who share similar work or interests. Nature of Language Variation Language varies when communicating with people within **local** and outside **global** our community. Nature of Language and Variation -Language varies in **speaking** and **writing.** **-** Language varies in everyday and specialized discourses. **Local Everyday Written** This may include instances of local everyday written usage found in the neighborhood posters (e.g. a poster looking for transients/bed spacers). **Local Everyday Oral** may occur in local communication among neighbors in everyday, informal and local varieties of languages. **Local Specialized Written** An example of local specialized written usage can be found in the publications and web sites of local societies such as the Baguio Midland Courier. **Local Specialized Oral** involves specialized discourses: For example, in a computer shop in the neighborhood, specialized local usage can be found (e.g. specialized computer game-related vocabulary is used). **Global Everyday Written** avoids local colloquialisms to make the text accessible to wider communities of readers. **Global Everyday Oral** may occur in interactions between people coming from different parts of the world when they talk about everyday casual topics. **Global Specialized Written** expands to as many readers internationally, hence the non-usage of local colloquial expressions (eg international research journal articles). **Global Specialized Oral** occurs when people from different parts of the world discuss specialized topics in spoken form (e.g. paper presentation sessions in an international academic conference). **Word Englishes** **World Englishes i**s a term for emerging localized or indigenized varieties of English, especially varieties that have developed in territories influenced by the United Kingdom or the United States. Three Groups of User **ENGLISH AS A NATIVE LANGUAGE (ENL**) Language of those born and raised in one of the countries where English is historically the first language to be spoken (e.g. mainly the UK, USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand) **ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE (ESL)** Language spoken in a large number of territories which were once colonized by English (e.g. India, Nigeria, Singapore) **ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE (EFL)** Language of those for whom it serves no purpose within their own countries. -Historically, EFL was learned to use the language with its native speakers in the US and UK Readings in World Englishes The rapid spread of English as a language of communication has no doubt stimulated interesting but at the same time controversial debate about the status of English in its varieties, which are commonly called World Englishes (Kachru, 1985-1990).  According to Quirk (1985, 1990)  the **Outer-Circle** countries, suggested that these varieties of English be just interference varieties and teachers of English were advised to focus on native norms and native like performance and stressed the need to uphold one common standard in the use of English not only in the **Inner Circle** countries but also in others. He also pointed out that a common standard of use for written as well as spoken English was necessary to regulate the use of English in different contexts. possibly for the fear that the language (English) would divide up into unintelligible varies or different forms, which would result in its losing the function of international communication. He believed that acknowledging a variety of norms would not lead to a lack of intelligibility among different users of English and in a way. The uses of English internationally are not just related to the Expanding Circle, but also it includes native speakers as well as members of the Outer Circle English being labeled as 'English as an International Language (EIL)' or 'English as a Lingua Franca'.