References and Citations in Scientific Writing PDF

- page numbers - volume and issue numbers (for articles) References and Citations in Scientific Writing Reference to a source of in...

- page numbers - volume and issue numbers (for articles) References and Citations in Scientific Writing Reference to a source of information Citation Styles Reference is the information that is necessary to the reader in identifying and finding used sources A citation style dictates the information necessary Traceability of information for a citation and how the information is ordered, The basic rule when listing the sources used is as well as punctuation and other formatting. that references must be accurate, complete and - APA (American Psychological Association) should be consistently applied. ( sa una mo pag is used by Education, Psychology, and cite all authors are listed then sa next isa nlng) Sciences - MLA (Modern Language Association) IMPORTANCE OF CITATION: style is used by the Humanities Acknowledge the contributing of other writers - Chicago/Turabian style is generally used and researchers in your work by Business, History Give credit to the writers from whom you have borrowed words and idea Provide evidence to support the assertions and claims in your work Makes writing more persuasive What to cite? Any words or ideas from: APA REFERENCING BASICS: - books and journal articles - newspaper and magazines - pamphlets or brochures - film, documents, television programs or advertisements - websites or electronic sources - letters, emails, online discussion forums - personal interviews - reprint of diagrams, illustrations, charts or pictures ( even pictures lng gin kwa need gd eh butangan citation) A reference list is a complete list of references ABOUT CITATION: used in a piece of writing including the author Citing a source means that you show, within the name, date of publication, title and more. An APA body of your text, that you took words, ideas, reference list must: figures, images, etc. from another place - Be on a new page at the end of the document Citations are a short way to uniquely identify a - Be centered published work (e.g. book, article, chapter, web - Be alphabetically by name of first author (or title if site). They are found in bibliographies and the author isn’t known, in this case a, an and the reference list and are also collected in article and should be ignored) book databases - If there are multiple works by the same author Citations consist of standard elements, and these are ordered by date, if the works are in the contain all the information necessary to identify same year they are ordered alphabetically by the and track down publications, including: title and are allocated a letter (a,b,c etc) after the - author name(s) date - titles of books, articles, and journals - Contain full references for all in-text references - date of publication used  - If the author is unknown, the first few words of the reference should be used. This is usually the APA REFERENCING BASICS: IN-TEXT CITATION title of the source. - If this is the title of a book, periodical, brochure or In-text references must be included following the report, it should be italicized. For example: use of a quote of paraphrase taken from another (A guide to citation, 2017) piece of work. - If this is the title of an article, chapter or web page, In-text citations within the main body of the text it should be in quotation marks. For example: and refer to a direct quote or paraphrase. They (“APA Citation”, 2017) correspond to a reference list. These citations ( italicized lng if halin sa books, periodical, include the surname of the author and date of brochure or report) publication only. Citing Authors with Multiple Works from One Using an example author James Mitchell, this takes Year: the form: - Works should be cited with a, b, c etc following the - Mitchell (2017) states.. Or.. (Mitchell, date. These letters are assigned within the 2017) reference list, which is sorted alphabetically by the surname of the first author. For example: The structure of this changes depending on (Mitchell, 2017a) Or (Mitchell, 2017b). whether a direct quote of parenthetical used: Citing Multiple Works in One Parentheses: - Direct Quote: The citation must follow - If these works are by the same author, the the quote directly and contain a page surname is stated once followed by the dates in number after the order chronologically. For instance: date, for example (Mitchell, 2017, p. 104). Mitchell (2007, 2013, 2017) Or This rule holds for all of the variations (Mitchell, 2007, 2013, 2017) listed. ( if gin basa kg gin summary mo lng - If these works are by multiple authors then the indi na need ang page no.) references are ordered alphabetically by the first - Parenthetical: The page number is not author separated by a semicolon as follows: needed (Mitchell & Smith 2017; Thomson, Coyne, & Davis, 2015) Two Authors - The surname of both authors is stated with either ‘and’ or an ampersand between. For example: Citing a Group or Organization: - Mitchell and Smith (2017) state... Or - For the first cite, the full name of the group must...(Mitchell & Smith, 2017). (kun part sya be used. Subsequently this can be shortened. For sng sentence “and” ang gamiton if ara sya example: sa end use ampersand) First cite: (International Citation Three, Four, or Five Authors Association, 2015) - For the first cite, all names should be listed: Further Cites: (Citation Association, - Mitchell, Smith, and Thomson (2017) 2015) ( kun first time mo gin cite need gd state... Or...(Mitchell, Smith, & Thomson, eh complete indi mag use abbreviation or 2017). shortcut ) - Further cites can be shorted to the first author’s Citing a Secondary Source: name followed by et al: - In this situation the original author and date - Mitchell et al (2017) state... Or...(Mitchell should be stated first followed by ‘as cited in’ et al, 2017). ( kun first time gin cite all followed by the author and date of the secondary authors must be listed ang sa second time source. For example: pwede ang first author nlng ) Lorde (1980) as cited in Mitchell (2017) Or (Lorde, 1980, as cited in Mitchell, Six or More Authors 2017) ( if si mitchell gin kwa nya ang - Only the first author’s surname should be stated ideas ky lorde amo na pag gamit sng “as followed by et al, see the above example. cited”) No Authors CITING DIFFERENT SOURCE TYPE: REFERENCE LIST CITATION