Rail Ops Reviewer PDF

RAIL OPS WEEK 1: INTRODUCTION TO OPERATIONS CONTROL CENTER Operations Control Center - is the brain and heart of the system considering that it is the center of communication. Role: ensure safe and efficient train movements, management of electrical power supply, and satisfaction of its stakeholde...

RAIL OPS WEEK 1: INTRODUCTION TO OPERATIONS CONTROL CENTER Operations Control Center - is the brain and heart of the system considering that it is the center of communication. Role: ensure safe and efficient train movements, management of electrical power supply, and satisfaction of its stakeholders. Decisions: are being made to save lives, minimize revenue losses, and protect company property. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition SCADA - system that we use in OCC to control and monitor the equipment or subsystem in railway. OCC EQUIPMENT: 1. Video Display Panel 2. Computer Workstations 3. Radio Console 4. SCADA monitor 5. CCTV monitors 6. Telecommunication panel 7. Information control panel CORE FUNCTIONS: To monitor and manage the activities in the main line 1. Managing Train Operations - Train driver reports for work at depot stabling track performs train preparation activities. - When the train is ready for dispatch, the train driver moves the train to the boundary line and reports to OCC. - OCC sets the route for insertion and regulates traffic according to the Timetable. 2. Train Fault Intervention - Any failure noticed on a train shall be reported immediately to the OCC. - When a train cannot be moved due to a failure, the controller and the train driver shall communicate with each other for proper fault intervention actions. 3. Monitoring Station Operations - The OCC is tasked for the dissemination of information to station staff: a. Delays b. Passenger offloading due technical failure c. Special activities in the vicinity of the station d. Incidents and accidents 4. Dealing with Signaling System Failure - The OCC ensures that the signaling system and its components function safely and correctly. a. Train Protection System b. Signal “at-danger” c. Tracks and Turnout Failure 5. Dealing with other Subsystem Failure - Keeps track of the power supply system, telecommunications and other subsystems 6. Emergency Responses - Coordinates for law enforcement, rescue, medical and firefighting operations Incase of train derailment: 1st: Driver will inform the OCC 2nd: OCC will order the staff, hold the traffic of trains 3rd: Cut down the power of the affected area 4th: Responders/evacuation 5th: Derailing team 6th: Rerail and bring to depot 7. Safety and Security Management - The OCC manages the overall safety and security responsibilities in trains and in stations. 8. Managing Operations-Related Information - Fault Announcements, Train delays, Safety reminders, Passenger information, Social-media announcements 9. Managing Engineering Activities - Booking activities, Work permits, Checking of PPEs, Issuances of clearances -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------- Week 2: RAILWAY OPERATIONS ORGANIZATION Typical Railway Operations System in the PH 1. Railway operations 2. Railway Maintenance Support Offices: Administrative, Business Relations, etc. Rental or leasing of railway Railway Maintenance - ensures that the rail infrastructures, assets (machines), and/or systems are kept or restored to its working condition. a. Rolling stock maintenance b. Tracks and guideways maintenance c. Signaling and Communications maintenance d. Buildings and facilities maintenance e. Power supply and distribution maintenance Railway Operations - ensures passenger safety, efficiency of train operations. >> Tranvia Manila-Malabon (steam loco) - first railway line in the Philippines Operations Organization Resource Level 1. OCC 2. Train Ops. 3. Station Ops. >> LRT 1: President >> LRT 2: Administrator >> LRT 1: General Manager Railway Organizational Structure: - The railway personnel are responsible to deliver high quality customer service and ensure reliable and safe mass rail transport. - Part of the Railway Organization Structure is to create an Emergency Response Team for emergency management. Incase of fire emergency: 1. Ticket seller - secures ticket and money/cash from the booth 2. Station supervisor - inform occ 3. Security guard - assist and evacuate people OCC Organizational Structure: 1. Occ manager - overall incharge 2. Assistant managers/supervisor/ duty manager - supervises occ controller and the subordinates. Coordinates with the maintenance team. Repair troubleshooting, power supply 3. OCC controllers - Monitor and supervise traffic in the main line. Timetable. Ensure on time. coordinate with internal offices. Breakdown accidents Train Operations Organizational Structure: 1. Train Operations Manager - Overall incharge of train operations in compliance with rules and regulations. 2. Train Operations Supervisor - Supervises subordinates, evaluate situation 3. Train Drivers - Revenue trains. The one who operates Station Operations Organizational Structure: - Considered as primary frontline 1. Stations Operations Manager - Overall incharge with station 2. Assistant Station Managers - Supervise station supervisor 3. Station Supervisors - Schedule and work assignment, ensure subordinates comply with their work to achieve their targets 4. Security Guards, Ticket Sellers, Utility Personnel Interdependent Communication and Coordination of Railway Personnel: - Operations Control Center a. Station b. Management c. Maintenance d. Train Operation e. Support Division f. Concern Offices g. Rescue Unit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------- WEEK 3: TRAIN OPERATIONS Train operations - managing and executing the movement of trains on railway networks. This includes everything from planning and scheduling to the actual movement of trains following designated routes. Train Driver: - possesses all the qualifications and skills necessary to safely operate a train. - most important function of the train driver is to drive the train safely. >> Duties: it is important to follow operation rules and regulations to provide safe, efficient, and dependable service. >> Qualities: Safety first mindset Good communicator Ability to concentrate Good judgement and decision-making skills Human Failure: 1. Signal passing at danger (SPAD) 2. Train speed (over speeding) 3. Pressing a push button on the cab in advance before stopping at the station 4. Failure to open train doors when at stopped at station Train Operations Lingo: Train Loops - A train that managed to complete an entire cycle from Terminal A to Terminal B and back to Terminal A is a loop. Headway - time between two successive trains IDEAL headway - is the time between the trains that is required to avoid signal restriction. Headway Components: a. Dwell Time b. Train Control Separation c. Operating Residual Train Operations Term: Station Dwell time - is the amount of time a train is stopped in a station for boarding and alighting of passengers. Activities/Time Included for Dwell Time 1. Time for door opening/closing. 2. Time for passenger entry/exit. Headway Components (Normal) Timetable and Train Schedule Train Timetable - is the data defining all planned train movements. How many trains will run? Formula: No. of Trains Running = loop time/ headway Loop time - the time to travel the whole route Headway - the time interval between the successive trains, moving in the same direction on the same track. Service Schedule - provides the details of the trains that each train driver shall operate within a given time. >> Creating Service Schedule (Determining number of Service Schedule) 1. Prepare the timetable 2. Determine the total number of loops 3. Calculate the number of service schedules i. Initial Conditions for maximum number of loops per service schedule: a. Service Schedule with Insertion and Removal (3 Loops) b. Service Schedule with Insertion or Removal (4 Loops) c. Service Schedule without Insertion and Removal (5 Loops) >> Reporting Time and End of Duty - If service schedule is Depot Reporting Margin for a Minimum of 50 mins from Insertion Time must be maintained. - If service Schedule is Station Reporting Margin for a Minimum of 15 mins from First Loop must be maintained. - Reporting Time must be divisible by 30 min. >> Break Time – There are 2 maximum break-time allowed for every service schedule with a minimum 40 min. period for every break-time. >> End of Duty – If the Schedule has no removal, a margin for a minimum of 15 mins from the end of its last loop shall be maintained. – If the Schedule has a removal, a margin of a minimum of 15 mins from the train driver’s signing-off to OCC shall be maintained. >> Summary of Loops - AFTER ASSIGNING service schedules to all train departures, make a summary of loops for every service schedule. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------- WEEK 4: TRAIN SCHEDULE Train Diagram Train Diagram - graphical representation or chart that shows the schedule and route of a train or multiple trains over a specific period. - It typically includes information such as departure and arrival time, stops along the route, train numbers, types of trains, and any other relevant details. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------- WEEK 5: RAILWAY OPERATIONS STATION 1. Passenger Management - Security - Safety - Handling of complaints - Handling the ticketing of railway line 2. Fare and Ticketing Management Effective revenue collection: Fast and Efficient Automated Fare Collection System: - The improvement in the Automated Fare Collection System (AFCS) helps to deliver quality passenger service. a. Unified Ticketing - the interoperable card can be used in 3 railway lines and other mode of transportation. b. Fast Transaction - the advanced AFCS can lessen the queuing time of the passenger. c. Convenience - the card can be purchased in TVM or ticket booth or be loaded by loading option (tvm, kiosk, mobile app, AT, etc.) - Stations are equipped with systems and equipment for revenue collection; Ticket booth and Ticket Vending Machine (TVM) Level 0: Fare Media and Tickets - Smartcards, contactless Level 1: Loading and Acceptance System - TVM, Point of Sale machines Level 2: Station Computer - Handled by station supervisor (generate reports from the POS machine) Level 3: Central Computer House - handled by the railway operator Level 4: Central Operating House - AFPI [EVOLUTION OF FARE COLLECTION SYSTEM: DIAGRAM] CASH AND TICKET MANAGEMENT FLOW: DIAGRAM - basic cash revenue flow in the railway operators: a. The passengers transact with the station personnel b. Station personnel transact with the AFPI, Bank, and Finance 1. Station: - Where in all Station personnel is under the supervision of the station supervisor - Where in Ticket seller's responsible for revenue collection and deals with the passengers. 2. Finance: - Conduct reconciliation of the issued tickets and cash - Responsible tot ally all cash sales together with the report pertaining to the cash sales. 3. AFPI: - Joint venture of Ayala and Metro Pacific Groups established to unify the automatic fare collection system (AFCS) here in the Philippines. - Owner of the Beep Card >> Quick Response (QR) Code >> Integrated Circuit (IC) Cards Ticket and Cash Allocation: - The railway Operators ensure that there is enough stock of tickets from the ticket provider. - Ticket forecasting is prepared annually by the Railway Operator - This process is based on the previous year historical data and calculations are done for the whole year. 1. Ticket Allocation for Railway Operator 2. Ticket Allocation for the Station 3. Ticket Allocation for Ticket Sellers & Ticket Vending Machines per shift Types of Tickets: 1. Single journey ticket - Single Ride Only, Valid only on the date of purchase 2. Beep - Four years validity (there is some exception regarding co-branded beep card). TICKET SUPPLY FOR THE STATION: DIAGRAM AFPI (request - arrow up, deliver - arrow down) Railway Operator (request - arrow up, distribute - arrow down) Stations PROCEDURE 1. Ticket and Cash Allocation 2. Ticket Selling 3. Ticket and Cash Remittance Shortages and Overages in Tickets and Cash - Shortages and overages in Tickets and cash may lead to Disciplinary Actions and Audits - It is important that the ticket seller is knowledgeable in the policies and procedures relating to cash and ticket allocation. Cash and Tickets Concern: DIAGRAM of unpaid and paid area 1. Hindi makapasok 2. Hindi makalabas PASSENGER SERVICE Customer Service - is about providing professional, helpful, timely, and high- quality service toward customer's needs and meeting their expectations before, during and after the service. >> Procedural Dimensions: Consists of the established systems, procedures, and processes that the personnel need to follow to deliver the service. - Procedures of ticket selling - Policy in baggage inspection and crowd management - Availability of facilities, equipment, and emergency devices - Comfortability inside the train and station >> Personal Dimensions: Consists of the attitudes, behaviors, and communication skills of the personnel while interacting with the customers. - Security personnel are respectful and approachable - Ticket Sellers are knowledgeable in performing their job - Station supervisors are interested to deal with a complaint DIMENSIONS OF QUALITY SERVICE: [DIAGRAM] - the higher the procedural dimension, the higher the personal dimension, much better. 1. The Factory: "You are a number, and we are here to process you" >> Procedural dimension: Timely, Consistent, Organized, Uniform, Convenient, Efficient >> Personal Dimension: Insensitive, Cold, Impersonal, Apathetic, Aloof, Uninterested 2. The Friendly Zoo: "We are trying hard, but we do not really know how we are doing" >> Procedural dimension: Slow, Inconsistent, Disorganized, Chaotic, Inconvenient, Inefficient >> Personal Dimension: Genuine, Caring, Personable, Sincere, Approachable, Interested 3. Quality Customer Service: "We care, we listen, and we deliver" >> Procedural dimension: Timely, Consistent, Organized, Uniform, Convenient, Efficient >> Personal Dimension: Genuine, Caring, Personable, Sincere, Approachable, Interested -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------- WEEK 6: PASSENGER MANAGEMENT Passenger Management – is about efficient handling of passengers by facilitating railway systems and procedures to achieve the desired passenger behavior. 3 frontline personnel in the station 1. Station manager - communicating and coordinating with passengers and serving their needs. 2. Security guard - Ensuring the safety and security of passengers 3. Ticketing staff - Increase safety and security of passengers and manage them for emergency situations. Effective Passenger Management 1. Falling in line for baggage inspection 2.Falling in line in-front of the designated train door markers. 3. Refraining to stand or walk on the safety platform edge. 4. Waiting for the passengers to alight before entering the train. 5. Using a public address system to remind the passengers about their safety and security inside the station. - Safety and Security starts with awareness. Awareness starts with you. Management of Passenger Flow 1. Ensuring the safety and security of passengers by facilitating their activities and encouraging them to act in a desirable behavior. 2. Effectively supervising, helping, and providing support to the passengers in every situation while they are inside the train and the station. - Effective management of passenger flow should include providing guidance and assistance to direct the traffic and flow for the two types of passengers: a. the usual riders: who are knowledgeable with the railway service and b. the infrequent passengers: who are unfamiliar with the railway transportation. Planned Situations: - Normal operation happens when there is no severe weather, delays on train arrivals, or unforeseen scenarios. - Normal operation is a situation in which the railway transportation was designed to operate, including peak periods or rush hours. Unplanned Events: - Train delays occur when the arrival of trains in the station takes longer than usual. - Degraded operations occur when there is an interruption or problem in the service. - Emergency situations occur when there is a situation that poses an immediate threat to a person’s health, security, property, or environment. Situations of Managing the Passenger Flow: - Entering/Exiting Stations - Waiting at the Platform - Boarding or Alighting the Train Ways of Managing Passenger Flow - Entering/Exiting Stations a. Normal operations b. Rush hours or train delays c. Degraded operations or emergency situations - Waiting at the Platform - Boarding or Alighting the Train