PSYC 230 Unit 2 Key Ideas PDF

PSYC 230 Unit 2 (Chapters 5-8) Key Ideas Chapter 5: Short-Term and Working Memory Modal Model of Memory ***be familiar with duration and capacity for each type of memory, and where those estimates came from (e.g., digit span task suggests that STM capacity is ~5-9 items)...

PSYC 230 Unit 2 (Chapters 5-8) Key Ideas Chapter 5: Short-Term and Working Memory Modal Model of Memory ***be familiar with duration and capacity for each type of memory, and where those estimates came from (e.g., digit span task suggests that STM capacity is ~5-9 items) o Sensory memory (iconic & echoic memory) o Short-term memory § Debates about capacity – how complexity of stimuli influence capacity o Long-term memory Working Memory Model o How is WM different from STM? o Phonological loop § Rehearsal process/phonological store § Evidence for the phonological loop – phonological similarity effect, word length effect, articulatory suppression o Visuospatial sketchpad § Evidence for the visuospatial sketchpad – mental rotation tasks, interference of other visual stimuli o Central executive o Revised model of working memory – what was added/why? Chapter 6: Long-Term Memory Structure Know the tree diagram of types of memory LTM vs. STM – How do we know they are different? o Serial position effects – primacy and recency o Neuropsychological evidence (Patient HM and Patient KF) Amnesia – anterograde vs. retrograde Explicit Memory o Episodic memory vs. semantic memory – What evidence is there that they are distinct types of memory? § Neuropsychological (Patient KC and Patient LP) § Brain imaging evidence § Episodic details decay faster than semantic details o How do episodic and semantic memories interact? § Personal semantic memories § Recollection vs. familiarity & the remember/know procedure Implicit Memory o Procedural memory o Priming (repetition vs. associative) o Conditioning Chapter 7: Long-Term Memory Processes Encoding o Levels of processing theory o Factors that aid encoding (examples of deep processing) § Visual imagery, self-reference effect, generation effect, organization o Study strategies § Elaboration, organization, spacing effect § Note-taking strategies § Retrieval practice – the testing effect § Active vs. passive learning and studying Retrieval o Cued recall/retrieval cues o Matched conditions of encoding and retrieval aids memory § Encoding specificity § State-dependent learning § Transfer appropriate processing Consolidation o When are memories most fragile? o Neuroscience of consolidation § Synaptic consolidation and long-term potentiation § Systems consolidation Standard Model vs. Multiple Trace Model – key difference? o Sleep and consolidation o Reconsolidation Chapter 8: Memory Errors Nature of autobiographical memory Factors that influence consolidation of autobiographical memories o Self-relevance/impact o State of mind – impact of stress? o Timing of event – reminiscence bump o Emotionality of the event § Flashbulb memories – characteristics of flashbulb memories Constructive nature of memory – leads to errors during retrieval o Source monitoring errors o Illusory truth effect o Misinformation effect o Familiarity error o False memories (influence of schema & scripts) Legal implications o Eyewitness testimony o Weapons focus effect – error of attention and perception o Errors due to suggestion o Confidence influenced by feedback from authority o False confessions