PN1052 Unit 3 Sleep (3) PDF

Unit 3: Sleep, Comfort and Rest PN 1052  Table of contents 01 02 Sleep vs. Rest Sleep patterns and stages 03 04 Problems with Nursing Actions Sleep  Course Learning Outcomes Practice safety measures for...

Unit 3: Sleep, Comfort and Rest PN 1052  Table of contents 01 02 Sleep vs. Rest Sleep patterns and stages 03 04 Problems with Nursing Actions Sleep  Course Learning Outcomes Practice safety measures for clients, self, and the healthcare environment Demonstrate foundational nursing skills to compassionately support the client with activities of daily living Demonstrate documentation related to activities of daily living Examine cultural preferences and inclusive practice related to personal care and activities of daily living Practice safe, competent and professional nursing care  01 Sleep vs. Rest “Illness and unfamiliar health care routines can easily affect the usual rest and sleep patterns of individuals entering a hospital or other health care facilities.” (Stockert, 2024.p. 1080)  Sleep vs. Rest Sleep Rest “a cyclical, physiological, “when individuals are at and behavioural process rest, they are in a state of that alternates with longer mental, physical, and periods of wakefulness.” spiritual activity that leaves (Stockert, 2024. p. 1074) them feeling refreshed, rejuvenated, and ready to resume the activities of the day.” (Stockert, 2024. p. 1080) Functions of Sleep and Rest Discuss: why do people need sleep and/or rest?  Sleep Wake Cycles Ultradian Homeostatic Circadian Process Process Process Occurs during state (Process S) (Process C) functions of sleep. dependent on to maintain a sleep-wake cycle state of wakefulness (Stockert, 2024)  Circadian Rhythms Biological functions of many living things are regulated by circadian rhythms. (Stockert, 2024)  Mechanisms that Regulate Sleep Increased Activity The Hypothalamus secretes hypocretins that promote wakefulness and the reticular activating system (RAS) responds to stimuli to maintain wakefulness. Decreased activity The Anterior Pituitary gland secretes hormones to promote sleep and the stimuli to the RAS declines when a person tries to fall asleep. Why? (Stockert, 2024)  02 Sleep Patterns and Stages  Sleep Stages Pre-sleep NREM Stage 1 NREM Stage 2 Person is aware of 1st stage of sleep- Deeper Sleep developing sleepiness easily interrupted NREM Stage 3 NREM Stage 2 REM Sleep Deepest Sleep Adults return to stage Usually begins 90 2 before progressing minutes after sleep into REM Sleep begins (Stockert, 2024) Sleep Cycle Figure 42.2 The stages of the adult sleep cycle. (Stockert, 2024. p. 1075)  Normal Sleep Requirements and Patterns Newborns Infants Toddlers & Preschoolers Sleep occurs equally Sleep-wake periods begin to develop into Generally sleep most across the day and a day/night cycle. of the night. night. (Stockert, 2024)  Normal Sleep Requirements and Patterns School-aged Adolescents Young Adults School aged children Excessive Most average 6-8.5 average 9-10 hours Daytime Sleepiness hours per night. per night. (EDS) is common in adolescence. (Stockert, 2024)  Normal Sleep Requirements and Patterns Middle-aged Older Persons Adults The amount of time in NREM Aging is associated Stage 3 begins to fall. with changes to sleep patterns and increased difficulty sleeping. (Stockert, 2024)  Factors Affecting Sleep Many medications and other substances disrupt sleep, or Daily routines influence sleep cause sleepiness. patterns. Medications/Substances Lifestyle Not following regular sleep Stress causes difficulty falling patterns will affect asleep, frequent waking, sleepiness. or even oversleeping. Usual Sleep Patterns Emotional Stress (Stockert, 2024)  Factors Affecting Sleep Environment Exercise & Food & Caloric Ventilation, Fatigue Intake properties and Moderate fatigue Good eating habits position of bed, promotes the are important for lighting, noise, highest sleep restful sleep. etc. all affect quality. sleep. (Stockert, 2024)  03 Problems with Sleep  Sleep Deprivation "insufficient sleep during a specific time period" (Stockert, P.A. 2024. p. 1079) Causes Symptoms Stress, Anxiety Blurred vision Noise Clumsiness Pain Decreased Reflexes Unusual Environment Easily Distracted Illness Excessive sleepiness Agitation Hyperactivity (Stockert, 2024) Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS) "Sleepiness becomes pathological when it occurs at times when individuals need to or want to be awake." (Stockert, 2024. p. 1081)  Physical Illness Many illnesses cause sleep challenges. What examples can you name? (Stockert, 2024)  Sleep Disorders Sleep-Related Insomnias Breathing Parasomnias "problems falling asleep, staying Disorders Include those associated with NREM asleep, and Include obstructive and REM and those of nonrestorative sleep sleep disorders, other causes or with daytime apneas, unspecified causes. consequences" hypoventilation (Stockert, P.A. 2024. p. 1076) syndromes and hypoxemia disorders. (Stockert, 2024)  Sleep Disorders Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Related Sleep-Wake Movement Disorders Disorders (Stockert, 2024) Central Disorders of Hypersomnolence Narcolepsy Type 1 and 2 Insufficient Sleep Syndrome Kleine-Levin syndrome Hypersomnias (Stockert, 2024)  04 Nursing Actions To promote comfort, rest, or sleep.  Nursing Actions Actions taken are dependent on where we are working with the patient. Continuing Community Acute Care Care Community Health Nurses in acute care Nurses in residential Nurses use a Health settings should settings also need to Promotion approach minimize disruptions reduce barriers to to assist patients to to sleep, as normal sleep, but also, focus develop good sleep routines are often more to promote habits at home. affected by admission. comfort. (Stockert, 2024)  Actions to Promote Sleep Environmental Controls 1 Room temperature, ventilation, noise, lighting and comfortable bed help. Promote Bedtime Routines 2 Establishing bed time routines help patients relax and prepare to sleep. Promote Safety 3 Removal of fall hazards, as well as use of dim lighting at night can be helpful. Promote Comfort 4 Encourage appropriate nightwear and bedding, as well as using the bathroom before bed. (Stockert, 2024)  Actions to Promote Sleep Establish Rest/Sleep Periods 5 Encourage activity in the daytime to promote sleep at night. Stress Reduction 6 If stress is keeping patients awake, they should not try to force sleep. Bedtime Snacks 7 If patients find it helpful, offer warm milk or cocoa. Pharmacological Approaches 8 Use of nonprescription sleep aids is not recommended. (Stockert, 2024)  Positioning For Comfort Laying on back with the head Laying flat on back. of bed raised. Supine Fowler's Laying on one side or the Laying face down. other. Prone Side (Baxter, 2024)  Providing Comfort Relaxation & Guided Imagery Massage Hot & Cold Therapies Distraction (Potter, 2025)  References Baxter, K.D. (2024). Mobility and immobility. (J. Vihos, Cdn. Adapt.). In P. A. Potter, P. A. Stockert, A. G. Perry, & A. M. Hall (Eds.) & B. J. Astle & W. Duggleby (Cdn. Eds.), Potter and Perry’s Canadian fundamentals of nursing (7th ed., pp. 1247-1289). Elsevier. Starkweather, A.R. (2024). Pain assessment and management. (M.Sawhney, B. Martelli, Cdn. Adapt.). In P. A. Potter, P. A. Stockert, A. G. Perry, & A. M. Hall (Eds.) & B. J. Astle & W. Duggleby (Cdn. Eds.), Potter and Perry’s Canadian fundamentals of nursing (7th ed., pp. 572- 604). Elsevier. Stockert, P.A. (2024). Sleep. (C. Taylor, Cdn. Adapt.). In P. A. Potter, P. A. Stockert, A. G. Perry, & A. M. Hall (Eds.) & B. J. Astle & W. Duggleby (Cdn. Eds.), Potter and Perry’s Canadian fundamentals of nursing (7th ed., pp. 1073-1096). Elsevier.  Thanks! Do you have any questions? [email protected] +91 620 421 838 yourwebsite.com CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon and infographics & images by Freepik Please keep this slide for attribution