PLSC Midterm Study Guide PDF

Trees in the Forest: these are important terms to consider: we have mentioned almost all of them, at least in general terms, and they occur in both the text and usually in the keywords in the back of each chapter.  Some folks have made notecards for these terms or made study groups.  Also, the only...

Trees in the Forest: these are important terms to consider: we have mentioned almost all of them, at least in general terms, and they occur in both the text and usually in the keywords in the back of each chapter.  Some folks have made notecards for these terms or made study groups.  Also, the only things that we have reviewed for each week on Blackboard will be on the test. These terms are the most important in the multiple-choice questions in Part One of the Test. Bipolar- The world is divided into two power centers, as in the Cold War Unipolar- The world is dominated by one power center. Sovereignty- The concept that each state rules its territory without interference Supranational- Powe above the national level, as in the EU Globalization- The world is turning into one big capitalist market. Neo-conservatives- enforce democracy overseas. Of national interest- What is good for a country as a whole in international relations; often disputed. War Powers Act- Congressional attempt to limit the president's use of troops in hostilities. Manifest destiny- Slogan calling for a U.S. continental republic. Westphalian system- System set up by 1648 Peace of Westphalia that made sovereignty the norm. Containment- U.S policy blocking the expansion of Soviet power, framed by Kennan in 1947 Marshall Plan- The 1947 call for massive U.S. aid to war-torn Europe. Truman Doctrine- The 1947 residential call to aid countries under Communist threat Clausewitz\'s war is an act of violent force to compel our enemy to do our political will. Previous war theory- Any given way leaves behind regional imbalances, thirsts for revenge, and elite calculations that often lead to another way. Balance of power and peace. Tonkin Gulf Resolution- The 1964 congressional permission for the president to go to war in Vietnam. Détente- Relaxation of tensions between hostile countries Glasnost- Policy of media openness under Gorbachev Perestroika- Gorbachev's wish to restructure the Soviet economy. Kleptocracy- Rule by thieves Warsaw Pact- a military alliance treaty established by the Soviet Unions and seven other Soviet satellite states in Central and Eastern Europe (Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania as a response to NATO Geopolitics- The impact of geography on international politics bureaucratic politics unilateralism- Foreign policies without allied help or cop Marxism- Militant, revolutionary form of socialism international relations- interactions among countries Constructivism- mental constructs formed by social interaction and convention govern thinking. realism versus liberalism (idealism) bureaucratic theory and the Cuban Missile Crisis McCarthyism- Senator Joseph McCarthy's early- 1950s accusations of treason in high places Containment- U.S policy of blocking the expansion of Soviet power, framed by Kennan in 1947 monolithic communism Geneva Accords- Modern rules on behavior in war Tet offensive imperials overstretch- Theory that powerful nationals tend to over-expand and weaken. Hegemony- leading or dominating other countries. Behavioralist- studying humans by empirical evidence, often quantified. isolationism- U.S avoidance of overseas involvement Yalta- Early 1945 agreement by Stalin, Churchill, and Roosevelt on who got what in Germany and East Europe Balfour Declaration- named after the foreign secretary and an effort to gain Jewish support for the way. Promised no Jewish state, just a "national home" of Palestine. Crimea Syria main reasons for Soviet collapse- Stalin's death (struggle for Communist power, Khrushchev) demonic Stalin but upset Mao and the worldwide Communist movement, Soviet Union and China spilled (China opened relations with the US and shorter the Soviet bloc declined communism unilateralism by the US- doing things for ourselves and in concert with other countries. George Washington was against involvement with Europe; we didn't join the League of Nations, and Sponsoring the UN and NATO after WWII was higher. Wars of Israel Constructivism- mental constructs formed by social interactions and conventions govern thinking. Washington's Farewell Address- the first isolationist who warned against making alliances with European powers. "We need neither allies nor enemies but should cultivate peace and harmony with all." Kennan on containment- The US should contain Soviet expansionism but should not use or threaten to form to recover the communist regime. Major Middle East wars OPEC- Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries; cartel aimed at keeping the price of oil up. Shia versus Sunni- Minority branch, perhaps 10% of Islam, but Iran's state religion vs main branch of Islam Kurds- nationality inhabiting areas where Iraq, Iran, and Turkey meet. 9/11 attacks and structural problems- Huntington's theories how to develop the Middle East Why did the US attack Iraq in 2003- to disarm Iraw of weapons of mass destruction, to end Saddam Hussein's support for terrorism, and to free the Iraqi people origins of ISIS and Al Qaeda- Al Qaeda was formed by Osama bin Laden as support to the war in Afghanistan against the Soviets, In 2014, ISIS separated from L Qaeda and declared itself a caliphate. At Qaeda rejected and severed ties with ISIS why did the USSR collapse? Iran, not Arab Huntington's thesis- Clash of Civilizations- The most important distinctions among people are no longer ideological, political, or economic; they are cultural. Saudi Arabia versus Iran in the Middle East- primarily a political and economic struggle of regional hegemony. Goes back to the Cold War Hamas attacks Israel!!!!! -- Hamas attack in response to blockade of Gaza as a response against Israel\'s taking over Israel. How the US manipulated Iran in 1953- The CIA overthrew an Iranian regime that had seized a giant oil company. The notice was to prevent the spread of communism evolution of the Hamas war until today.- Still violent attacks Nature of sentence answers in Part 2 of the Test: Basic questions from material on Blackboard we have reviewed in class, such as overviews and theories not discussed much in the book, such as behavioralist and feminism. I may ask simple questions regarding the videos shown or any charts we have reviewed. Look at each of the NYT articles I posted and be able to write a sentence about the main idea.  There will be many choices for these sentence-length answers, both in terms of which ones you want to answer and also in what you say. Knowing the terms above can be useful for these short answers as well. Part 3 will be a take-home essay that you can use any materials to write, as long as it is in your own words.  In other words, NO AI! You will have several days to write it.