Philosophy Reviewer: Search for Truth.pdf

Grade 11 Reviewer - For Socrates, knowledge is the most valuable thing in 1st Semester life, however, he believed Philosophy...

Grade 11 Reviewer - For Socrates, knowledge is the most valuable thing in 1st Semester life, however, he believed Philosophy that it is better to seek Sherwin Elijah D. Vizcaya | 11 - Curie knowledge and be conscious of your own ignorance than Module 2: Search for Truth to claim knowledge that you really do not have. And examining your ideas and Socrates beliefs is one step to avoid 1. “Life is worth living if it is an living a deceitful life. examined life.” - Examined life is where 3. “Knowledge is the most valuable people are always searching thing in the world, but for reasons, they know who they are, and they know who admitting one’s ignorance is the they want to be and keep first step in acquiring working hard, trying to knowledge.” improve themselves. He - Being conscious of your own argued that it was important ignorance is one of the to question and “examine” characteristics of a wise your values and beliefs in person. For Socrates, it is the order to determine if they first step to an examined life. were the correct ones. He Admitting your own believed that you will most ignorance might not be easy likely lead a miserable life if at first, but once you get you do not question your accustomed to it, it will be beliefs and ideas. easier to address your mistakes, to search for 2. “If you do not examine your reasons and answers about ideas and beliefs, you will have your questions in your own personal beliefs. Through lived a deceitful life; a life of this, you acquire knowledge, false belief.” sevizcaya | 11 - Curie  like Socrates said, is the most valuable thing in the world. Examples: - Manny Pacquiao is the best Doing Philosophy Filipino boxer. (It might be not continually taking in information the same for others) thinking about it - Manny Pacquiao is a Filipino coming up with conclusions shoemaker. (It contradicts the asking the right questions truth) critically examining the possible - For me, Matcha is the best ice solutions cream flavor. (Personal Preference) Opinion - I would rather stay home than go attitudes/judgments that can be out. (How someone feels about proven wrong if it contradicts something) the truth Facts in general, it refers to a personal can be measured, observed, and belief and relates to how proven someone feels about something a statement that can be checked other may disagree or agree with and backed up with evidence an opinion a statement that is true and can inconclusive statement, used in be verified objectively or proven subjective matters provable statement what a person think/feels about can be shown to be true without something/someone any doubt, usually through some highly influenced by a person’s indisputable evidence, like feelings, thoughts, perspective, measurement or an observation etc. which cannot be tested by concrete evidence but sometimes Example: can also be proven wrong if it - People used to believe that the contradicts the truth world was flat until sevizcaya | 11 - Curie  observational evidence proved it Represents something really perception about happened something to be a sphere. (Ferdinand Change universal differs from person Magellan is credited with to person proving the world is not flat Words shown with expressed with when he and his crew were the unbiased words biased words first to complete the Debatable No Yes circumnavigation of Earth.) Influence has the power to does not have the - The Mona Lisa has no eyebrows. influence others power to influence others (Can be proven without any doubt because it is seen in the painting Truth itself) may include fact, may include - The Philippines is the second belief, and is acceptable largest archipelago in the world. something that has actual and (It has 7,107 islands, etc.) proven existence scientifically and/or spiritually regardless of Comparison Chart: Fact vs. one’s opinion and beliefs Opinion undisputed, objective, universal, constant, exact, and factual Basis for Fact Opinion Comparis (Quipper School, 2016) on Meaning refers to refers to a Examples: something judgment or - Undisputed: All things that can that can be belief about be seen are temporal. verified or something proved to be - Exact: 2 + 2 = 4 true - Factual: The Philippines, as Based on observation/re assumption/per proven in geographical and search sonal view anthropological properties, is a What is it? objective reality subjective country in Southeast Asia. statement - Spiritual Belief: God is existing. Verification possible not possible sevizcaya | 11 - Curie Truth vs. Fact given system by examining the Truth: generally accepted behaviors and activities of a outcome/reasoning certain component parts Fact: proven truth looks at all aspects of a given Every fact is true but not all situation or problem truths are facts. all aspects are tied together and are given importance when Point of View making conclusions in philosophy, it is defined as a Example: way or a method of how one sees - To understand why Filipinos or perceives the reality of a celebrate fiesta, you need to phenomenon; an attitude of how consider the history of the one sees or thinks of something Filipino people, religion, (Quipper School, 2016) tradition, aesthetics, and even the political aspect of it. Example: Two people are looking at the same object and interpreting it Partial POV differently due to a different a perspective that is based on one POV. (A number is written on the of the components parts of a floor, for others it looks like the whole number 6, but for other who are looks at only a limited number of in the opposite direction, it is the aspects of a given problem or number 9.) situation Holistic POV/Holism Example: - When one researcher comes from Greek word ‘holos’ conducts an inquiry on the which literally means all, entire, reason why Filipinos totality celebrate fiesta based only this kind of system aims to explain the whole or totality of a sevizcaya | 11 - Curie  on the religious aspect of - Example: in science: it. whenever we conduct an experiment to verify (or disprove) a hypothesis, we Comparison Chart: Partial vs. are using the correspondence Holistic (Quipper School, 2016) theory, for we assume that Partial POV Holistic POV what we observe in the experiment is what is true Characterist - Looks at only a - Looks at all ics limited number of aspects of the aspects of the given given problem or problem or 2. Coherence Theory situation situation - idea that arguments must - Conclusions are -All aspects are made on given importance make sense— that is, considering when making arguments must flow some, but not all, conclusions sides of the -All aspects are logically from premises and problem tied in together or situation. to form a general intermediate propositions overview of the - Hasty Generalizations; problem or situation Logical Axioms (Fallacy) - Example: for 'I am 17 years Example -A mother scolds -A mother listens the youngest to both stories old' to be true it must cohere daughter after the of her two oldest accused her quarreling with other beliefs like 'I was of stealing her daughters born after 1989', 'I have not make-up kit. The before making any mother only lis conclusions yet had a 21st birthday party', tened to the story about the issue. 'I am not still in primary of the oldest without school'. hearing the side of the youngest before 3. Consensus Theory deciding to scold - that what is true is what everyone agrees to be true 4 Theories of Truth - Example: when I say that I 1. Correspondence Theory wear a mask to prevent the - says that what is true is what spread of COVID-19 — how matches observable reality do I know this? scientists seem to have come to some sevizcaya | 11 - Curie  consensus that mask-wearing is a good idea — even ahead of proper randomised controlled trials — and I believe in the consensus of experts, so therefore I wear a mask. Majority wins. 4. Pragmatic Theory - the view that whatever is useful to you, or beneficial for you, is true - Example: if you find that believing in a religion helps you become a better, more effective person, then it is perfectly acceptable — from the pragmatist’s perspective — to take up religion and believe in it as truth. sevizcaya | 11 - Curie