Anatomy and Physiology of Domestic Animals Lecture Notes (Organizer 1C)

Lecture: Terminology and Body Organization Readings: Chapter 1 in text I. Anatomy: structure or form of the body, what makes up each part A. Regional -- by region (head, chest, etc) B. Systemic -- by body system (cardiovascular, digestive, etc) -- this is our approach II. Physiology: how...

Lecture: Terminology and Body Organization Readings: Chapter 1 in text I. Anatomy: structure or form of the body, what makes up each part A. Regional -- by region (head, chest, etc) B. Systemic -- by body system (cardiovascular, digestive, etc) -- this is our approach II. Physiology: how the body systems function to allow life III. Levels of body organization -- each level made of lots of the level below So, tissues are made of many cell types, organs are made of many tissue types, etc. A. Cell B. Tissue C. Organ D. System E. organism IV. Planes of reference: think of slicing the body in 2 pieces, helps to describe where something is in relation to something else A. Transverse -- slice into head end and back end B. Dorsal -- slice into top half and bottom half C. Median -- slice into left and right equal halves D. Sagittal -- slice into left and right unequal halves (not down center) V. Directional terms -- used to describe where on the body something is or where it is in relation to something else A. Cranial -- towards the head, think cranium B. Caudal -- towards the tail C. Rostral -- on the head, towards the nose D. Medial -- towards the middle or median plane E. Lateral -- away from the middle or median plane F. Dorsal -- towards the back, think dorsal fin on a dolphin, also the top surface of the foot G. Ventral -- towards the underside, belly H. Proximal -- on the limb, towards the body I. Distal -- on the limb, away from the body or towards the foot J. Palmar -- the bottom surface of the front foot, the standing surface K. Plantar -- the bottom surface of the hind foot, the standing surface L. Cranial-- on the limb, the front side M. Caudal-- on the limb, the back side N. Superficial -- towards the body surface O. Deep -- towards the inside of the body I would draw a picture in my notes and label it with the directional terms. VI. Body cavities A. Thorax (thoracic cavity) i. Contains heart, lungs, esophagus ii. Bounded by: a. Spine dorsally b. Ribs laterally c. Diaphragm caudally d. Neck cranially e. Sternum ventrally B. Abdomen (abdominal cavity) i. Contains digestive organs (liver, stomach, intestines, etc), reproductive organs, urinary organs, etc ii. Bounded by: a. Spine dorsally b. Abdominal muscles laterally and ventrally c. Diaphragm cranially d. Pelvis caudally