Types of Speech Context and Acts PDF

**Types of speech context** **Intrapersonal** - Communication that centers on one person where the speaker acts both as the sender and the receiver of message. **Interpersonal** - Communication between and among people and establishes personal relationship between and among them....

**Types of speech context** **Intrapersonal** - Communication that centers on one person where the speaker acts both as the sender and the receiver of message. **Interpersonal** - Communication between and among people and establishes personal relationship between and among them. - **Two types of interpersonal** - **Dyad communication** -- two people. - **Small group**- least three but not more than twelve - **Other speech contexts** - **Public** -- requires you to deliver or send the message before or in front of a group. - **Mass communication** - communication that takes place through television, radio, newspapers, magazines, books, billboards, internet, and other types of media. **Types of speech style** - Dictates and affects the way people communicate, which results in various speech styles. - **Joos (1968)**, there are five speech styles. - Each style dictates what appropriate language or vocabulary should be used or observed. 1. **Intimate** 2. **Casual** 3. **Consultative** 4. **Formal** 5. **Frozen** **Type of speech act** - an expression or statement made by a speaker to accomplish a specific goal or effect. - Might contain just one word or several words or sentences. **Three types of speech act** - **J. L. Austin (1962), a philosopher of language and the developer of the speech act theory** 1. **Locutionary ac**t - actual act of uttering, focuses on the actual (literal) words used and their meaning. 2. **Illocutionary act** - intended function behind the words spoken. It is about the speaker's intention 3. **Perlocutionary act** - the result or outcome of the illocutionary act, it is the resulting act of what is said. ( listener\'s response.) **Indirect speech act** - There is no direct connection between the form of the utterance and the intended meaning. (para kang nag paparinig para magawa yung gusto mo) **SEARLE'S CLASSIFICATIONS OF SPEECH ACT** - **John Searle (1976)** expanded on Austin\'s Speech Act Theory by categorizing illocutionary acts into five distinct types. 4. **ASSERTIVE** - expresses belief about the truth of a proposition, that convey information, making a claim that can be true or false. 5. **DIRECTIVE** - speaker tries to make the addressee perform an action. 6. **COMMISSIVE** - commits the speaker to doing something in the future. 7. **EXPRESSIVE** - expresses the speaker\'s emotional state or attitude. 8. **DECLARATION** - brings a change in the external situation, existence or cause the state of affairs which they refer to. **PERFORMATIVES** - **J.L. Austin (1962)** introduced **performative utterances**, where simply saying something completes an action. - A performative utterance said by **the right person under the right circumstances results in a change.** **COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES** 1. **Nomination -** A speaker starts a conversation topic to encourage discussion and share opinions. 2. **Restriction** - limits what speakers can discuss, ensuring the conversation stays focused and clear. 3. **Turn-taking** - ensures everyone gets a fair chance to speak, preventing any one person from dominating the conversation. 4. **Topic Control** - guides the conversation\'s flow, using formal rules in structured settings and allowing spontaneity in informal ones. 5. **Topic Shifting**- smoothly moving from one subject to another, using cues to signal the change while ensuring earlier topics are properly covered. 6. **Repair** - fixing communication issues like misunderstandings or interruptions to keep the conversation clear and focused. 7. **Termination** - marks the end of a conversation topic, using cues or summaries to ensure everyone agrees the discussion is complete. **TYPES OF SPEECH** - **ENTERTAINMENT SPEECH -** Amuses the audience. Aims to share goodwill, joy, and pleasure to the audience. - **INFORMATIVE SPEECH** - provides the audience with a clear understanding of a concept or idea. There are four types of informative speech 1. **Speech objects or people -** focus on tangible items or individuals, often using visual aids for clarity. 2. **Speech about processes -** explains a sequence of events or steps, often requiring visual aids for better understanding. 3. **Speech about events -** focuses on events that have occurred, are happening, or may happen in the future. 4. **Speech about concepts** - focuses on beliefs, knowledge, theories, principles, or abstract ideas. - **PERSUASIVE SPEECH** - provide the audience with favorable or acceptable ideas that can influence their own ideas and decisions. - **MANUSCRIPT SPEECH** - delivered with advanced preparation, where the speaker plans and rehearses the speech and reads aloud from a written message. - **MEMORIZED SPEECH** - delivered with advanced preparation, where the speaker plans, rehearses, and recites a written message word-for-word from memory. - **IMPROMPTU SPEECH** - delivered without advanced preparation or rehearsal, often spoken conversationally and spontaneously. - **EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEECH** - delivered with limited preparation, guided by notes or an outline, and is spoken conversationally. It is the most popular type of speech.