Oral Communication in Context Reviewer and Pointers PDF

Oral Communication in Context Reviewer and Pointers =================================================== Context refers to the setting in which the communication takes place. - Intrapersonal communication- a type of speech context that is focused on **one person** where the speaker acts as bo...

Oral Communication in Context Reviewer and Pointers =================================================== Context refers to the setting in which the communication takes place. - Intrapersonal communication- a type of speech context that is focused on **one person** where the speaker acts as both sender and the receiver of the message. - Interpersonal Communication- Between and among people. 1. ***Dyadic Communication** is a form of interpersonal communication that refers to the communication relationship between two people.* 2. ***Small-group Communication** refers to interactions among three or more people who are connected through a common purpose, mutual influence, and a shared identity.* - Public Communication- It refers to communication that requires you to deliver or send a message before or in front of a group of people. - Mass Communication- It refers to communication that takes place through *television, radio, newspapers, magazines, books, billboards, the internet, or other types of media.* Types of Speech Styles ====================== - Frozen Style- Intended to be remembered and used in most highly formal settings such as in *Palace, Church Ritual, and Speeches for State Ceremonies.* - Formal Style- Inform and captivate an audience, usually scripted and used in formal situations. - Consultative Style- It is used in semi-formal conversation. It happens in two-way participation. - Casual Style- Common among peers and friends. Free and easy participation of both speaker and listener. - Intimate Style- It is used in conversations between two very close people. Week 7- Speech Act ================== - Speech Act is any of the acts that may be performed by a speaker in making an *utterance, such as stating, asking, requesting, advising, warning, and persuading.* - Locutionary act -Actual form of a word. - Illocutionary act -Speaker's intention in delivering an utterance. - Perlocutionary act- Considered as an effect \[result\] of the utterance of the hearer, depending on specific circumstances. Classification of Speech Act ============================ 1. Assertive- speaker expresses belief about the truth of a proposition. Some examples of are suggesting, putting forward, swearing, boasting, and concluding. *Example: No one can love you better than I do.* 2. Directive- the speaker tries to make the addressee perform an action. Some examples of directive acts are asking, ordering, requesting. 3. Commissive- a type of illocutionary act that commits the speaker to do something in the future. Examples of commissive acts are promising, planning, vowing, and betting. 4. Expressive -The speaker expresses his/her feelings or emotional reactions. Some examples of expressive acts are thanking, apologizing, and welcoming. 5. Declaration-declaring of a change of something. Some examples of declarations are a blessing, baptizing, bidding, and passing a sentence. Week 8- Types of Communicative Strategies ========================================= 1. Nomination- This is usually used at the beginning of the interaction to set the purpose of the conversation. *Example: "Hey, how are you? I missed you!"* 2. Restriction- refers to any limitation you have as a speaker 3. Turn-taking- A process by which people in conversation decide whom to speak to next. 4. Topic Control- It is used in keeping the conversation going on by asking questions that requires a response from the listener. 5. Topic Shifting- as the name suggests, involves moving from one topic to another. 6. Repair- refers to how speakers address the problems in speaking, listening, and comprehending that they may encounter in a conversation. 7. Termination- refers to the conversation of participants' close-initiating expressions that end a topic in a conversation. 1. **Audience analysis**- means looking into the profile of your target audience. Audience Analysis may include: - **Demography** -- age range, male-female ratio, educational background, nationality, economic status, and others. - **Situation** -- time, venue, occasion, size. - **Psychology** -- values, beliefs, attitudes, preferences, cultural and racial ideologies, and needs. 2. **Determining the Purpose-** is finding out whether you want to inform, entertain, or persuade. 3. **Selecting the topic and narrowing it.** - You need to make it more specific. 4. **Data gathering**- is the part where you collect information from sources about your topic. 5. **Selecting a writing pattern**- This is the arrangement of thoughts when it comes to speech writing can be defined as all aspects of your writing that help the reader move smoothly from one sentence to the next, and from one paragraph to another. You can choose from the following: - **Biographical** -- descriptions of the life of a person - **Categorical/Topical** -- related category to the topic - **Causa**l -- cause and effect - **Chronological** -- presents ideas in time - **Comparison-contrast** -- similarities and differences - **Problem-Solution** -- presents problem and solutions 6. **Making an Outline** -- outline/hierarchical list of ideas helps you arrange your thoughts to make it easy for you to write your speech in an organized way. 7. **Your introduction**- must catch your audience\'s attention and present your speech\'s subject or topic. 8. **Creating the body**- involves writing explanations, examples and details about the topic you have chosen. 9. **The conclusion**- restates the main point of your speech. You can summarize, emphasize your point, and call for action. 10. **Editing and revising**- is correcting your speech for mechanics such as grammar, punctuation, spelling, organization and the like. 1. **An informative speech** provides the audience with a clear understanding of a concept or idea. The lectures of your teachers are the best examples of this type. 2. **An entertainment speech** amuses the audience. The humorous speeches of *comedians and performers* are the best examples of this type. 3. **A persuasive speech** seeks to provide the audience with favorable or acceptable ideas that can influence their own ideas and decisions. **Types Of Speeches According to Delivery** 1. **Extemporaneous-** Speaking with limited preparation. Guided by notes or outline. 2. **Impromptu-** Speaking without advanced preparation. Unrehearsed speech. 3. **Manuscript-** Speaking with advanced preparation. Planned and rehearsed speech. 4. **Memorized-** Reciting a written message word-for-word from memory **Principles Of Effective Speech Delivery** 1. **Audience Profile** - Knowing your audience specifically their general age, gender, educational level, religion, language, culture. 2. **Logical Organization** - from Introduction, Body and Conclusion. 3. **Duration *(According to GrayGrant, 2017)*** - Total word count: 2,500 words (20 minutes) 4. **Word Choice** - a\. Jargons or technical terms specific only for a group of people - b\. Redundancy or excessive repetition of words. - Using concise and correct grammar is a must in a speech written and orally. **Aspects of Speech Delivery** **VOCAL Delivery -- include aspects related to your voice or vocals in a speech delivery. This may include the clarity, volume, pitch pace, and pauses.** **Ex. His voice sounds as if it contains rasping, grating, and scraping noise elements** **PHYSICAL Delivery -- include aspects related to the movement of your body when delivering a speech. This may include body language, posture, facial expressions, and eye contact.** **Ex. He focuses his eyes in one direction only.** **LANGUAGE Delivery -- include aspects related to the composition of your speech, it may include word choices, sentence structure, imagery, and conciseness of your statements.** **Ex. He avoids unnecessary words and is straightforward with his statements.** *Good luck!*