Cartographic Information Bulletin PDF

,, / bulletin of the tographic InJOrmatioll I ~ I Number 23, Wintet, 1996 ~ ! -...) -·... · - 4.__J ·,... , MESSAGES FEATURED ARTICLES Edge pixels: the effect on color reproduction P. Andrew Ray The production of smooth scale changes in an animated map project Martin i>o11 Wyss CARTOGRAPHY BULLETIN BOARD GIS, image processi11g, The cartographic section Are yo11 compatible with MAP LIBRARY BULLETIN BOARD Pe1111 State U11iv. IARL REVIEWS Map projections: a reference manual reviewed by C. Peter Keller The AGI source book for GIS reviewed by feff Torguso11 A new social atlas of Britain reviewed by He11ry W. Castner CARTOGRAPHIC EVENTS ESSAY Geography and cartography by Mark Mo11111011ier ANNOUNCEMENTS NACIS NEWS The Geographic Information Systems (GIS) & Image Processing Laboratory is a support facility of the Department of Geography & Planning at Appalachian State Un iversity. The Lab's functions are: 1) to provide GIS and image processing training to students through course,,,vork and intern- sh ips, 2) to support research, and 3) to provide services, often in fulfillment of the land planning and management needs of North Carolina's local, regional, and state agencies. The GIS and Image Processing Lab houses a Sun SPARC station !PX with two remote terminals, five 486 PC computers and three Pentium computers, three large format digitizing tablets, two 8- pen plotters, a color scanner, and a color dcskjet printer. Plans are to purchase a Sun SPARC station 20 within the year. The main soft- ware used include ARC/ INFO and ArcView for GIS, ERDAS for Im age Processing, and Mosaic for access to data on the World Wide Web. A ldus Freehand is utilized to produce the camera-ready maps for a syndicated newspaper column, Gcogrnphy i11 the News. The Research Lab library contains a \\.'idc varietv of hardware and software manuals and research journals, p lus numerous digital map and sa tellite image data sets on 4 and 8 mm data cartridge and CD-ROM. These digital data include the USGS's DLG's (Digital Linc Graphs), the US Census 22 Patricia Chalk, Director, and David Mercer. While each cartographer still retains a light table and drafting table, production for over a decade has been enhanced by computer operations. The transition to computerized graphics began in 1985 with the purchase of a Personal Composition System (PCS) through CompuGraphic Canada Ltd. The PCS software \.Vas installed on Apple Lisa hardware. Files were output on photographic paper from a high resolution typesetter on campus. Although purchased primarily for the computerized typesetting capabilities provided by Compugraphic's software and the crisp resolution of the output, the PCS also had additional design capabilities beyond that available from Macintosh software at the time. Among the features cited in the request for funds was a "the capability of mixing text with line work, graphs and diagrams without use of pen and ink." lt was an exciting step forward! Since 1985 our computers have been upgraded several times. Our current system includes a Power PC 7200 and a Quadra 650 with 32 mb RAM/1 gigabyte hard drive and 24 mb RAM/I gigabyte hard drive respectively. Each system has two color monitors (16" and 14") to provide a multi-screened singular desktop. Initially, the two-monitor system was adopted because it was far less costly than one large 21" color monitor (we already had 2-14" monitors). Once installed, however, additional benefits were revealed. The 14" monitor was found to be ideal for holding menus and software icons. The fu ll 8 1I 2" area of the larger, 16" monitor was thus rendered entirely free for viewing the work in progress. The primary mandate of the Cartographic Section is to meet the cartographic needs for a research- intensive program in the Geogra- phy Department. For the most Number 23, Winter 1996 derivatives. Given the likely increase in publications, necessi- tated by a more pro-active research stance within the department, greater use of the services of this unit by faculty is anticipated. ="Jew trends in our services include: redesigning maps gener- ated at the conclusion of a GIS operation to meet publication standards; becoming more familiar with the graphics components of particular GIS packages in our department so that we may better advise students and faculty regarding the cartographic capabil- ity of the software; and designing maps for web presentation in addition to published form... and we'll do it all of pen and ink! " CJ ARE YOU COMPATIBLE WITH YOUR PRINTING SERVICE BUREAU? by foe Stoll Depart111e11 t of Geography University of Akron University cartography laboratory managers often utilize printing service bureaus for color proofing and print production. This re- quires the cartographic laboratory manager to have an intimate knowledge of the service bureau(s) with which he I she works. This knowledge should include both general knowledge of the printing processes, and specific knowledge of the equipment, software, personnel, workflow, and require- ments unique to each individual service bureau. The University of Akron (UA) Cartography Laboratory produces in-house, individual color prints up to 11 inches by 17 inches. Other printing tasks require the use of off-campus service bureaus. The UA Cartography Laboratory 24 number of colors available on the press per run, etc. are all factors that must be considered earl y in the project' s planning stages. Upon the completion of a p roject's production phases the file(s) mu st be transported to the service burea u. It is important to know the types of external storage media that are compatible with the service bureau's equi pment. Most full-featu red service bureaus are equi pped \vith a variety of devices and media for transporting and archiving files. Small files are often transported via floppy diskettes, however, since graphic files, especially bit-mapped files can become quite large, o ther media (including Bernoulli and Syquest cartridges) are used extensively by service bureaus. Other sto rage media sui table for file transport include CD-ROM disks and d ata tapes. Recently, magneto-optical disks or car- tridges have received a great deal of publicity due to their lower prices, improved performances, and expand ing capacities. It is important to consult with your service bureau to find out the devices they use and support. Finally, personal compatibility is perhaps as important as techni- cal compatibilities. Personnel compatibility evolves th rough a sincere, business-like, yet cordial relationship of mutual respect and trust. If this type of relati onship can be initi ated with the service bureau by the cartographer and fostered over an extended period of ti me, mutual benefi ts are realized. The service bureau benefits by receiving files that are less likely to be problematic. The cartographer benefits by ga ining a better understanding of what the service bureau does and what is required in the production stages of a project to obtain a better result. D Number 23, Winter 1996 information), and we will make it available for downloading or for use in a public laboratory. Eight PCs, connected to the server, CD- ROM drives, and color, and black and \.vhite printers will be a\·ail- able in the Maps Room. We plan to offer mapping software and limited GIS capability. The in- house facility will be open the same hours as the library. To help staff the new lab, the Geography Department will offer a new course spring semester that will require students to staff the lab in addition to their time in the classroom. Topics to be covered include hardware troubleshooting, software skills, reference tech- niques and data organization as \Veil as dealing with clients. A few telephone calls, or a visit, to your local library will determine what kinds of services the library can provide. Although librarians are moving rapidly into new technologies, they still value traditional map library services also. Fortunately, paper maps will be \Ni th us for a Jong time. As the new editor of this column, I hope to highlight some of the interesting paper and digital collections various libraries hold, and address some of the current de\'elopments in map libraries. Your suggestions are welcome.::J EDITOR'S NOTE: I would like to welcome Melissa Lamont of the Pattee Library at Penn State Uni\'ersity to the Editorial Board of Cartographic Paspecfi"l'es. take on the responsibility of the Map Library Bulletin Board column. It has been a number of years since this column has been a regularly featured item in CP and l am pleased that Melissa is com- mitted to see that this important column appears in every issue. So11a Karen t;;; A11d rews Editor, CP 26 Chapter Six deals with map projection research, argued to be related to "further development of theory and practice, improving the mathematical basis of a map, obtaining new sets and variations which possess definite advantages over known projections, and satisfying new cartographic requirements facing science and the economy." Viewed very much from a mathematical perspective, we are informed that map projec- tion research is about solving differential equations with partial derivatives of the first order involving elliptic, hyperbolic, parabolic, and combined functions. T'vventy pages lead us through examples of this type of investiga- tion, however, research into social aspects of map projections and the search for map projections suitable for mapping non-spherical worlds is ignored. Chapter Seven focuses on best and ideal map projections, examin- ing what projections satisfy given conditions of representation. projections are divided into those "minimizing and optimizing distortion of a minimax and variational (least squares) type," or those "satisfying in an optimum way an entire group of require- ments for projections in accor- dance with the particular purpose of the map being designed (e.g. graticule simplicity, distortion values, etc.)." We learn that minimum distortion has been essentially completely solved for conformal projections, but is not yet adequately solved for other types of projections, with no concrete solutions. In 35 pages we are guided through a number of conditions of representation and associated projections, including an interesting section on anamor- phous projections, offering a theoretical basis for cartograms. A section on map projections for maps on globes explains projection strategies for pasting map gores onto balls for globe construction. Number 23, Winter 1996 nity. Articles include: Michael Goodchild's "Information High- \·v ays," Dick Newell's GIS Technology Going?," and David Maguire and Jack Dangermond's "Future GIS Technology." The breadth of topics within the book is impres- sive, ranging from cartographic concerns, in David Green's "An Exciting New Role in GIS for the Cartographer of the Future," to remote sensing issues, as in Gordon Petrie's "Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing." Classical issues in GIS are also examined in the context of current technology, as in Robert Laurini's Geographic Databases," P.A. Burrough's "Accuracy and Error in GIS," and H. Bishop Dansby's "Access to Digital Data in U.S. Federal Agencies." Other impor- tant aspects of GIS are also ex- plored in articles by Duane Marble ("An Introduction to the Struc- tured Design of Geographic Jnformation Systems"), David Rix ("Recent Trends in GIS Technol- ogy"), M.J. Ives and K.J. Cra,vley ("GIS Implementation Issues"), Joseph K. Berry ("Implications of a Humane GIS"), and David Rhind ("Spatial Data from Government"). In addition to the timeliness of the GIS topics, the articles also address technological issues such as the current and changing status of DOS/Windows, Windows NT, and Windows '95 operating systems, and issues involving the Internet and World Wide Web. The articles are well written and edited, although as '"'ith other compendium works from multiple authors, they exhibit a wide variety of writing styles, from relatively informal but informative, as in Goodchild's article, to a very formal and academic style, as in Burrough's article. Lack of a narrow theoreti- cal focus or topic range amplifies this disparity between writing styles, as do the varying degrees of 28 ATLAS REVIEW A New Social Atlas of Britain Daniel Darling Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. 1995. Cloth. Price approx. $47.95 (ISBN: 0-471-94868-3) Reviewed by He11ry W. Castner Pittsboro, NC Daniel Darling's Neu1 Social Atlas of Britni11 is a spectacular and chal- lenging new atlas of equal popula- tion cartograms. It is cut from the cloth of Janos Szego's human cartography which asks the question: "How can actual events and processes in the world of man be translated into maps, and how can this translation be made comprehensible and accessible for the human brain?" (Szego 1987, 10). Szego's project was tied to advances in computer cartography beyond the early expressions in the language of that technology which the admits were not very refined or subtle. Unfortunately, he was unable to offer many examples that took us beyond what could be seen in Bertin (1967) or Tufte (1983). But he would, I believe, be pleased with Darling's atlas which is clearly about human activities and is a splendid realiza- tion of the promise of the new technology. Whether Darling's atlas will be seen as "user friendly, only time will tell. To his credit, Darling makes every effort to help his readers come to terms with and become articulate about these unfamiliar maps. Darling has taken contiguous equal population cartograms as the basis of his atlas. In them, equal areas of space have been aJlocated to equal numbers of people, rather than to values or rates of some phenomenon. Readers are per- haps more familiar with hand- constructed isodensity maps (Eastman, Nelson, and Shields 1981) or the ball-bearing contrived isodemographic map (Skoda and Number 23, Winter 1996 shows what percentage of the land area of Britain is in each of the 15 classes. The other seven images are cartograms of general topics against which the more specialized cartograms to follow can be compared. They include popula- tion concentration, the largest ethnic or national minority group, those not working, housing wealth, illness rates, composition of the workforce, and the political party shares of ward voters. These images are overlain with the county boundaries to help relate them to more familiar geographies. The seven major sections of the Atlas which follow cover topics on population, demography, eco- nomic, housing, health, society and politics. In total, 106 topics are treated. Many of them are to be expected: e.g., land use, fertility, occupational structure, household demand, availability of central heating, family type, and electoral registration. Some others are new and refreshing: e.g., residents imputed, early retirement, over- crmvding, avoidable death, car availability, and electorate not voting. Dorling correctly acknowledges that because of the graphic com- plexity of the images, and, despite all the computer programs and statistical methods employed in the generation of the images, atlas users will need to gain some experience to read them. And the interpret the patterns which the cartograrns reveal. To assist in this, Dorling does a number of things, some of which have already been mentioned in this review. In addition, all but one of the seven sections is introduced by a traditional land area map juxtaposed with a population cartogram to help readers make the visual transition. While the images are quite complex, Dorling claims that the simultaneous display of 10,000 circles allows one to see both local 30 essay GEOGRAPHY AND CARTOGRAPHY IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY by Mark Mom11011ier Depnrt111e11t of Geography Syracuse University This essay is a short after-dinner address delivered in State College, Pennsylvania, on October 14, 1995, at a banquet celebrating the 30th anniversary of the Department of Geography at the Pennsylvania State University. When asked to articulate my "thoughts on the future of geogra- phy and trends in cartography in the twenty-first century," I found it difficult, if not a bit painful, to disentangle what I think geogra- phy and cartography will be doing from what I think geography and cartography should be doing. The result, then, is two parts "will happen" and three parts "should happen"-or is it three and only two of "should"? know. But on with it.) First, geography. Perhaps even before the year 2000, post- modernism will have run its course. Maybe; maybe not yet. In its defense, the postmodern critique has made us more fully aware that bias is everywhere and that "objectivity" istent or impossibly difficult-and that's good. But the history of science and the recent history of our discipline have also taught us that parad igms come and para- digms go, even big ones. If you sense that I haven' t really bought into postmodernism, you're right. Even so, I am enthusiastic about the questions it has encouraged geographic scholars and social Number 23, Winter 19% representations-as much or as little as.ve care to know. And for different insights, we might even borrow someone else's user profile. Customization will be enormously important in helping users find, interpret, and under- stand cartographic information. And customization will also replace the geographic information paradigm w ith a focus on geo- graphic understanding. Third, maps and other visual material \·viii become standard writing tools, readily available and widely used by writers, who will develop the knack of using both sides of the brain. We have seen the effects of earlier representa- tional revolutions, among which I would include printing, public education, photography and photographic engraving, motion pictures, and the current mix of video, computer graphics, the personal computer, and the graphic user interface. Especially promising for geography is the power of dynamic, interactive multimedia to integrate words and pictures and numbers and maps. Already this new technology is having profound effects on writing and public communication. Computer graphics has become correction In the last issue of Cnrtogmpl1ic announce a CD-ROM atlas of U.S. Topography produced by Chalk Butte Unfortunately, we incorrectlv in Chalk Butte's phone their correct phone number apologize for any inconvenience caused. If you are interested Inc. products you may contact Butte Inc., 137 Steele 307-537-5283.] 32 announcements 1996 RJSTOW PRIZE COMPETmo Each year the Washington (DC) Map Society (WMS) awards the Ristow Prize for cartographic history and map librarianship to honor Walter W. Ristow, one of America's premier cartographic authors and map librarians. The contest is open to all full or part- time upper level undergraduate, graduate, or first year post- doctoral students attending accredited colleges or universities worldwide. The winner receives 5500, WMS membership, and publication of the paper in their journal The Portoln11. Deadline for submission is June 1, 1996. Details may be obtained for competition from Chairman Huber Johnson, 2101 Huntington Ave., Alexandria, VA 22303 CSA, (703) 960-7815. IBM SELECTS AlTEK CORPORA TIO AS U. S. FOREST SERVICE PROJECT 615 PARTNER ALTEK Corporation announces that it has been selected as the supplier of high accuracy digitiz- ers to IBM Corporation for the U.S. Forest Service Project 615 contract. Project 615 will span eight years with a financial expenditure anticipated at 5267 million. A Washington, D.C. facility houses the pilot installation which is the prototype model for a network of over 800 field offices using RS / 6000 IBM workstations. AlTEK and IBM have previous experience pooling their expertise using RS / 6000 workstations, ESRI ARC/Info Software, and ALTEK digitizers during the BLM ALMRS contract awarded to CSC in 1993. Number 23, Winter 1996 NACISnews NACIS OFFICERS President: Keith W. Rice Department of Geography University of Wisc. -Stevens Point Stevens Point, WI 54481 (715) 346-4454 fax: (715) 346-3624 e-mail: . greatest attention are those where these urban areas do not stand out. April 21- 24, 1996 In his acknowledgments, ASPRSIACSM Annual Dorling pays tribute to the count- Convention and Exhibition less people who "diligently fill in Baltimore Convention Center, census forms, voting slips, birth Baltimore, MD. Contact: ASPRS/ certificates, mortgage applications, ACSM '96 Registration Coordina- unemployment cards and all the tor, 5410 Grovenor Lane, Suite 100, other paper work which is used to Bethesda, MD 20814 organize British society." His hope is that some of that information is June 4-7, 1996 being returned in the pages of his Ninth Annual Towson State atlas. Clearly this return will be University GIS Conference useful for those interested in the Towson, MD. Contact: Jay Mor- social geography of Great Britain. gan, Dept of Geography & Envi- But it will also appeal to the much ronmental Planning, Towson State larger audience that is currently Univ., Baltimore, MD 21204-7097, exploring the possibilities of (410) 830-2964, fax (410) 830-3888, graphic visualization for it pro- e-mail:[email protected]. vides fascinating and challenging examples for thought, reflection, June 12 - 16, 1996 and perhaps even map user CCA/ACC research. Toronto, Canada. Contact: Shelley Laskin, co-chair of Organizing BIBLIOGRAPHY Committee, Globe Graphics, 664 Bertin, Jacques. 1967. Semiologie Balliol Street, Toronto, ON, graphigtJelson, and G. Shields. 1981. Production consider- ations in isodensity mapping. July 27 - August 1, 1996 Cartograpilicn, XVIII (1 ): 24-30. URISA 96 Slat Lake City, UT. Contact: Skoda, Lou and J. G. Robertson. 1972. URISA, 900 Second Street, NE, lsodemographic map of Canada. suite 304, Washington, D.C. 20002, Geographical Paper #50, (Ref. #En 36- (202) 289-1685, Fax (202) 842-1850, 506 / 50). Ottawa: Lands Directorate, e-mail: [email protected], http: I I Dep artment of Environment. www.urisa.org Szego, Janos. 1987. Human Cartogra- phy. Stockholm: Swedish Council for Building Research. October 2- 5, 1996 NACISXVI Tufte, Edward R. 1983. The Visual see pages 10-11 for details Display of Q11a11titative Information. Cheshire, CT: Graphics Press. 0 cartograplzic perspectives Number 23, Winter 1996 scientists to ask, and the phenom- hon'. If we accept this proposition, ena and issues it encourages us to geography could become the examine. What I don' t like is its undergraduate major of choice for needlessly impenetrable jargon: a the careers in law and public dialect devised largely to keep the service. And the Joan Didiun's, the public (not to mention most Joel Garreau's, and the Tony undergraduates) out of the dis- Hiss's, if not professional geogra- course. And a jargon that on phers themselves, would at least occasion gets geographers noticed trained be in our field. in ways that are embarrassing-as And now for cartography, when newspaper columnists cite which with its extension, geo- our intellectual kinfolk whose graphic information systems, has ludicrously dense sentences must made enormous strides in the past be intelligible only to those who decade. But there's a Jong way to already know what the author is go before cartography and GIS trying to say. Or think they do. achieve their full potential. In the Should geographers be critical? next century I see progress in three Absolutely. We need to be critical principal areas: of our data, of what we read, and First, electronic geoarchives will of what we see. And we must be become much richer in the variety more critical, both inwardly and of information, degree of detail, outwardly, than ever before. More and level of integration. They will important, though, we need to not only surpass the map libraries recognize that our insights can of today in content and coverage usefully inform public policy and but also link maps to representa- that we have a moral obligation to tions currently found only in publicize our insights effectively, books. And historical geogra- by contributing to public-policy phers, cultural geographers, and debates on poverty, housing, social geographers will want to- environmental justice, employ- indeed, they'll have to-use GIS, ment, global climatic change, and and in so doing, they'll contribute many other issues. But to do so to the databases. effectively allows less time for the Second, our electronic carto- elitist whining that often results graphic archives will be much of "will" when we address our insights more user friendly. By this I mean (I don't largely to other social scientists that-for the user with a good and humanists. They listen, of inkling of what he or she wants- course, because geography with its the GIS interface of the future will integrative powers has much to prove no more formidable than the say about many issues. Yet we typical library database search ought not forsake the clarity of system of today. Searches will be ordinary language and graphics quick and customized. Cards for the arcane, privileged vocabu- carried in wallets (or whatever one lary of English professors who carries) will contain user profiles, is either nonex- write poorly yet seek the elimina- summarizing the user's training, tion of successful creative writing experience, interests, color prefer- programs. ences, and satisfaction with the What I'd like to see, however system's past performance. In uncertain I am it will actually addition to helping the system happen, is a geography that ferret out highly relevant informa- enthusiastically accepts the tion, user profiles will support challenge of insightfully and customized guided tours, in which reliably describing the Earth. But the electronic atlas tells us about first we must accept that proposi- itself, about places and spatial tion that insightful and reliable relationships, about the quality of description is never 'mere descrip- its data, and the reliability of its cartographic perspectives 31 just plain graphics. Computer grated world economy is espe- literacy is becoming just plain cially vulnerable to both natural literacy. And electronic multime- and technological hazards, map- dia is sure to become just plain ping will have a key role in efforts media. For the educated profes- to understand hazards as well as sional geographer, the artificial manage risk through insurance division of labor between writing schemes, remediation projects, and ill ustrating will disappear. land-use regu lations, and emer- Helen Couclelis suggested the gency planning. name "spatial understanding As a preview of its key role in support system," or SUSS, to SUSS, cartography is an important describe the GIS of the twenty-first element of the scientific visua liza- century. Development of SUSS tion movement, which shou ld technology will, no doubt, focus mature early in the 21st century. on and be driven by three closely Within cartography, visualization related problems: energy, popula- is attracting the most attention and tion pressure, and hazards. producing the best research. And Energy's informational needs are that's good for both cartography varied: searching for new fuel and its client disciplines. reserves, managing waste streams Unfortunately, cartographers and resource recovery, assessing and geographers seem not to the externalities of fossil fuels, and recognize their stake in public weighing the benefits and costs of policy across a broad range of nuclear power, including high- issues, including public access to level and low-level radioactive geographic information, privileged waste. In the area of population, users, biased content, intellectual epidemiology might well eclipse property rights, and liability-when traditional concerns with food, bad decisions result from incom- housing, and ethnic conflict, as the plete or flawed data, or from vast global gene pool of well over sloppy analysis? We can confront six billion human organisms these issues head on, or we can demonstrates its effectiveness as a talk amongst ourselves, in a closed research and development labora- academic debate of little relevance tory for ever more deadly viruses. to what's really happening. ~ And because a complexly inte- contributions Perspectives we NACIS would like to thank the following individu- als for their monetary contributions for Carto- Inc. (CP 22, page 24). graphic Perspectives listed the area code Patricia Chalk number. Please note that Greg Chu is 307-537-5283. We Thomas Hadler this may have E.L. Lanzer in any Chalk Butte Henrv Norris them at: Chalk Joseph Poracsky Lane, Boulder, WY 82923. Bret Rodgers Lawrence Slaughter cartographic perspectives Number 23, Winter 1996 The DATATAB 1was chosen as LAND INFO AND DATA the premier digitizer for Project DIRECTIONS INTRODUCES 615 because it exceeds the high "WORLDREG" FOR accuracy requirements specified in MAPINFO USERS the U.S. Forest Service contract. The DATATAB I series offers: LAND INFO of Denver, Colorado unequaled absolute accuracy over and Data Directions of Eugene, the active area; a wide range of Oregon through their joint agree- sizes varying from 24" x 36" to 60" ment have developed WorldReg, a x 120'"; models available back utility program for Mapinfo users. lighted with continuous variable This utility program, developed by intensity, rear projection, or a Data Directions and distributed by standard opaque surface. AlTEK LAND INFO, allows all Maplnfo digitizers are fully compatible with users to display, manipulate and all GIS and CAD packages. read geo-referenced color raster ALTEK's commitment to the images produced by LAND INFO. GIS industry is to supply the finest The WorldReg MapBasic applica- data input and output products tion runs with Maplnfo and available on the market. ALTEK's automates the Image Registration product line includes: high accu- process required by Mapinfo, to racy digitizers; color and mono- display raster images. WorldReg chrome scanners; electrostatic creates a Maplnfo Table automati- color printers; and raster to vector cally, which is used to open the software conversion. georeferenced raster image. From the raster image table Maplnfo vector data can be displayed accurately on top of the LAND INFO, DENVER, COLO- georeferenced image. WorldReg RADO FORMS PARTNERSHIP allows users to create the Maplnfo WITH MCR DEVELOPMENT, tables on a local drive while JEDDAH, SAUDI ARABIA maintaining the raster image on CD-ROM. UTM coordinates in Land Info of Denver, Colorado, the meters or feet and NAD27 and world's largest supplier of color AD83 are supported. raster georeferenced digital maps LAND INFO has built the most has joined into a partnership with comprehensive worldwide data- MCR Development located in base of color raster images at the Jeddah, Saudi Arabia which 1:24,000, 1:200,000 and 1:250,000 provides extensive international scales of the United States and the GIS services. This partnership 1:50,000 and 1:250,000 scale aims at expanding international internationally. The digital map services and creating a more products are available from the Far comprehensive awareness of GIS East to the Middle East, from application development and North America to South America. digital map data products Data Directions is an authorized throughout the Middle East. For Maplnfo Partner providing custom more information contact: Michael MapBasic applications, develop- Blakeman at Land Info, (303) 369- ment, consultations, data integra- 6800, e-mail: [email protected] or tion and conversion services. For Paul Bailey at MCR Development more information, please call at (966) 2 651 2286, e-mail: LAND INFO, Michael Blakeman at [email protected]. (303) 369-6800, e-mail: mbmapsl@ csn.net or Data Directions, Tony Cooley at (503) 345-4627. 0 cartograpl1ic perspectives 33 Associate Director: Susan Peschel Patricia Gilmartin AGS Collection Department of Geography POBox399 University of South Carolina Milwaukee, WI 53201 Columbia, SC 29208 (800) 558-8993 or (414) 229-6282 (803) 777-2989 fax (414 )229-4380 fax: (803) 777-4972 e-mail: [email protected] e-mail:[email protected] (term expires Oct. 96) Associate Director:Sona Andrews Department of Geography Glen A. Pawelski PO Box413 H.M. Gousha Univ. of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Paramount Pub. Consumer Group class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="58132a313b3d182d2f2b2835393134762d2f2b28763d3c2d">[email protected] Milwaukee, WI 53201 P.O. Box 98 (414) 229-4872 Comfort, TX 78013 fax: (414) 229-3981 (210) 995-3317 Ext. 248 e-mail: [email protected] fax: (210) 995-3217 e-mail: [email protected] (term expires Oct. 97) NACIS BOARD OF DIRECTORS Carolyn C. Weiss Statistics Canada il-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="a5c2c0cac9ccc7e5c6d2ccd68bd0cbcac8c4cdc48bc0c1d0">[email protected] James R. Anderson, Jr. Geography Division l.S.P.A. I 361 Bellamy Building Jean Talon Building Florida State University Ottawa, ON K1AOT6 Tallahassee, FL 32306 Canada (904) 644-2883 (613) 951-3921 Fax: (904) 644-7360 fax: (613) 951-0569 e-mail: [email protected] (term expires: Oct. 96) (term expires Oct. 97) Cynthia Brewer CARTOGRAPHIC Department of Geography PERSPECTIVES 302 Walker Building Editor: Sona Andrews Pennsylvania State University Assistant Editor: David W. Tilton University Park, PA 16802-5011 Department of Geography (814) 865-5072 474 Bolton Hall fax: (814) 863-7943 3210 N. Maryland Ave. class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="2c49444d40406c474942585a41024e4558424958">[email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Univ. of Wisconsin-Mi lwaukee (term expires Oct. 97) Milwaukee, WI 53211 (414) 229-4872 Barbara Buttenfield fax: (414) 229-3981 Department of Geography e-mail: [email protected] Campus Box 260 also [email protected] University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309 (303) 492-3618 EDITORIAL BOARD fax (303) 492 7501 Chair: Michael Peterson e-mail: [email protected] Department of Geography I (term expires Oct. 97) Geology University of Nebraska-Omaha Jeremy Crampton Omaha, NE 68182 Department of Geography (402) 554-2662 George Mason University fax: (402) 554-3518 Fairfax, VA 22030-4444 e-mail: [email protected] (703) 993-1217 e-mail: [email protected] class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="80e3ede2c0e3f3e4aef5f7edaee5e4f5">[email protected] (term expires Oct. 97) cartographic perspectives Numb er 23, Winter 1996 the three issues of the calendar MINUTES OF NACIS BUSINESS year 1996." The motion was MEETING seconded and passed. The possi- October 26, 1995 bility of selling advertising space Wilmington, North Carolina was discussed. It was concluded that a more palatable approach would be to include advertise- The business meeting began at 1:00 ments sealed in the polybags, p.m. with the announcement by rather than placed in the journal Henry Castner of the results of our itself, if advertising is indeed most recent election. Craig necessary. Remington was reelected as Secretary and new Board members EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR'S include Jim Anderson, Cynthia REPORT Brewer, Barbara Buttenfield, Chris reported that the written Jeremy Crampton and Glen guidelines for setting up annual Pawelski. Mike Peterson was meetings were nearly complete. elected the new Vice President. He asked that Susan Peschel and Keith Rice thanked those who Sona Andrews be named Associate worked on local arrangements and Executive Directors to NACIS, appealed for the recruitment of citing the help their council new members to the Society. Ed provides in his decisions. A Hall reviewed the status of our motion to that effect was seconded accounts and introduced the need and passed. Another motion was for an increase in membership offered "to set up an ad hoc dues. Chris Baruth announced the committee to investigate and appointments of Sona Andrews establish the format of the NACIS and Susan Peschel as Associate Homepage." The motion was Executive Directors to NACIS. He seconded and passed. Members of also mentioned his forthcoming the committee will be appointed at written guides to setting up annual the Saturday meeting. Chris and meetings. Trish Chalk reviewed the Board ackno·w ledged the our arrangements with the Menger extraordinary efforts of Liz Hines Hotel for the San Antonio meeting. for her work on the local arrange- Henry solicited the membership to ments of our meeting. offer suggestion for future meeting sites. Sona Andrews thanked the FUTURE MEETING SITES Editorial Board for their help with A number of possible future the success of Cartographic Perspec- meeting sites were discussed. A tives, asked for the submission of more definitive selection will be manuscripts, and offered encour- made, after a polling of the mem- agement to those who might be bership, in the Saturday meeting. interested in the editorship of the journal. Chris Baruth recognized NEW BUSINESS and thanked Henry Castner for his The only matter of new business work as President and Vice was a request by Barbara Fine that President of the Society. new dues be added to the agenda of the Saturday meeting. The meeting was adjourned at 1:30 p.m. The meeting was adjourned at 4:30 p.m. Submitted Craig Remington Submitted NACIS Secretary Craig Re111i11gto11 NACIS Secretary cartographic perspecti'ves 35 h) be prepared to commit to a action would be to invite Professor three year period of l'\unez and his colleagues to our editorship; meeting in San Antonio. i) consider the collaboration NEW BUSINESS with an Assistant Editor, Pat Gilmartin suggested that the preferably at the same Society write a letter expressing institution; our concern with the Chrysler Bill before the Senate. Such a' letter j) receive support for their will be composed and sent. The respective organization for final matter of business was the the business aspects of appointment of Jeremy Crampton, publishing the journal. Mike Peterson and Chris Baruth to work on the NACIS homepage. There was also discussion of splitting the editorship and The meeting adjourned at production activities between two 10:25 a.m. institutions. This option should be pursued if the potential editor is Submitted, uncomfortable with the production Craig Remi11gto11 aspects. It would be preferable to NACIS Secretary have both editorship and produc- tion activities at the same institu- tion. SELECTION OF 1997 MEETING SITE The Board has narrowed the 1997 meeting site to Lexington, Ken- Cartographic tucky or Akron, Ohio. A final decision will be made by polling Perspectives the Board after further investiga- Back Issues tion of these two options. The first issue of Cartographic FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE Perspectives was published in POLICY FOR BOARD MEMBERS March 1989. Back issues (for all The Board has on past occasions issues) are available at a cost of provided a modest travel stipend $20 per issue ($10 for members). for members attending the Spring Please specify the issue numbers Board meeting. After a discussion (1-22) when ordering. Make of the equity of this practice and checks or purchase orders payable the need to reduce the Society's to NACIS. Send your back issue expenses a motion was offered "to requests to: adopt a policy to have Spring meetings held via telephone NACIS conference call unless extenuating c/o AGS Collection circumstances warrant differ- P0Box399 ently." The motion had a second Milwaukee, WI 53201 and passed. (800) 558-8993 or (414) 229- 6282 OTHER BUSINESS fax (414)229-4380 Henry brought the Board up to date on contacts with our friends in Costa Rica. It was the feeling of the Board that the best course of rnrtographic perspectives Number 23, Winter 1996 Cartograpl1ica. A quarterly journal Geotimes. Monthly publication of the endorsed by the Canadian Carto- American Geological Institute. Offers graphic Association / Association news, feature articles, and regular Canadienne de Cartographie that departments including notices of new features articles, reviews, and mono- software, maps and books of interest graphs. Michael Coulson, Editor. to the geologic community. Articles ISSi'\ 0317-7173. Contact: University of frequently address mapping issues. Toronto Press Journals Department, ISSN 0016-8556. Contact: Geotimes, 5201 Dufferin Street, Downsview, 4220 King Street, Alexandria, VA Ontario, M3H 5T8 Canada; (416) 667- 22302-1507. 7781. GIS World. Published monthly, this Cartogrnpl1ic Journal. Biannual news magazine of Geographic Journal of the British Cartographic Information Systems technology offers Colleen Beard, Brock Societv. Includes research articles, news, features, and coverage of events St. Catherines, 'short~r' articles, official records of the pertinent to GIS. Contact: John Societv, book reviews, and a list of Huges, Managing Editor, GIS World, recent' cartographic literature. Contact: Inc., 155 East Boardwalk Drive, Suite Hon. Secretary, Charles Beattie, 13 250, Fort Collins, CO 80525; (303) 223-

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