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Overall Chapters Geography ​ the study of Earth's landscapes, peoples, places, and environments. ​ the study of the diverse environments, places, and spaces of Earth’s surface and their interactions. ​ a science that deals with the description, distribution, and interaction of the diverse phy...

Overall Chapters Geography ​ the study of Earth's landscapes, peoples, places, and environments. ​ the study of the diverse environments, places, and spaces of Earth’s surface and their interactions. ​ a science that deals with the description, distribution, and interaction of the diverse physical, biological, and cultural features of the Earth’s surface. ​ the science that studies the earth’s form, physical features, climate, population, and other related topics. Sample Question: 1.​ The Great Barrier Reef, the world's largest coral reef system composed of over 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands. What is the study of Earth's features, including the distribution of these reefs, concerned with? a) History b) Biology c) Geography d) Literature Geography encompasses a vast range of aspects related to Earth. Here are some of the key areas it focuses on: ​ Physical Geography: This branch studies the natural features of Earth, including mountains, rivers, oceans, atmosphere, and climate ​ Human Geography: This branch focuses on the human population on Earth, their cultures, societies, economies, and political systems ​ Cartography: This is the art and science of making maps ​ Geographic Information Systems (GIS): This is a technology that allows for the collection, analysis, and visualization of geographic data. Sample Question: 1.​ Geography encompasses a wide range of studies related to Earth. Which of the FOLLOWING ASPECTS is NOT directly concerned with geography? a) Physical Geography (e.g., mountains, rivers, oceans) b) Human Geography (e.g., cultures, societies, economies) c) Cartography (e.g., creating maps) d) Astrophysics (e.g., studying stars and galaxies) Five Themes of Geography ​ Location ​ Place ​ Culture ​ Migration ​ Region Sample Question: 1.​ A type of location that is based on the use of longitude and latitudes is called? a) Nominal b) Absolute c) Relative d) Bisinal Landforms and Bodies of Water Sample Questions: 1.​ A large, flat elevated area of land with steep sides is called a: a) Mountain range b) Hillock c) Plateau d) Plain 2.​ What is the longest mountain ranges in the Philippines a) Sierra Madre b) Cordillera Central c) Caraballo Mountains d) Mount Apo 3.​ The Suez Canal, a vital shipping lane, connects two major bodies of water. Which of the following bodies of water does NOT border the Suez Canal? a) Red Sea b) Mediterranean Sea c) Black Sea d) Arabian Sea 4.​ Nicknamed "The Sea of Many Names," what is the world's largest lake by surface area? a) Lake Superior (North America) b) Lake Victoria (Africa) c) Caspian Sea (Eurasia) d) Lake Baikal (Russia) Pacific Ring of Fire ​ The Ring of Fire, also referred to as the Circum-Pacific Belt, is a path along the Pacific Ocean characterized by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes. The majority of Earth’s volcanoes and earthquakes take place along the Ring of Fire. Sample Question: 1.​ Mount Fuji is a majestic mountain that dominates the Japanese landscape. What natural phenomenon is Mount Fuji most famous for? a)​ Its lush, evergreen forests b)​ Its role as a sacred pilgrimage site c)​ Its status as an active volcano d)​ Its vast network of ski resorts. Continents AFRICA Northern Africa ​ Comoros ​ Algeria ​ Djibouti ​ Egypt ​ Eritrea South Asia ​ Libya ​ Ethiopia ​ Afghanistan ​ Morocco ​ Kenya ​ Bangladesh ​ Sudan ​ Madagascar ​ Bhutan ​ Tunisia ​ Malawi ​ India ​ Western Sahara ​ Mauritius ​ Maldives (disputed territory) ​ Mozambique ​ Nepal ​ Rwanda ​ Pakistan Western Africa ​ Seychelles ​ Sri Lanka ​ Benin ​ Somalia ​ Burkina Faso ​ South Sudan Southeast Asia ​ Cape Verde ​ Tanzania ​ Brunei ​ Côte d'Ivoire ​ Uganda ​ Cambodia ​ Gambia ​ Zambia ​ East Timor(Timor-Leste) ​ Ghana ​ Zimbabwe ​ Indonesia ​ Guinea ​ Laos ​ Guinea-Bissau Southern Africa ​ Malaysia ​ Liberia ​ Botswana ​ Myanmar (Burma) ​ Mali ​ Eswatini (Swaziland) ​ Philippines ​ Mauritania ​ Lesotho ​ Singapore ​ Niger ​ Namibia ​ Thailand ​ Nigeria ​ South Africa ​ Vietnam ​ Senegal ​ Sierra Leone ASIA West Asia ​ Togo ​ Armenia Central Asia ​ Azerbaijan Central Africa ​ Kazakhstan ​ Bahrain ​ Angola ​ Kyrgyzstan ​ Cyprus ​ Cameroon ​ Tajikistan ​ Georgia ​ Central African Republic ​ Turkmenistan ​ Iran ​ Chad ​ Uzbekistan ​ Iraq ​ Democratic Republic of ​ Israel the Congo East Asia ​ Jordan ​ Republic of the Congo ​ China ​ Kuwait ​ Equatorial Guinea ​ Japan ​ Lebanon ​ Gabon ​ Mongolia ​ Oman ​ São Tomé and Príncipe ​ North Korea ​ Palestine ​ South Korea ​ Qatar Eastern Africa ​ Taiwan ​ Saudi Arabia ​ Burundi ​ Syria  ​ Turkey ​ Greece ​ Guyana ​ United Arab Emirates ​ Croatia ​ Suriname ​ Yemen ​ Cyprus ​ Venezuela ​ Malta ​ French Guiana (France) EUROPE ​ Slovenia Brazil Scandinavia NORTH AMERICA ​ Brazil ​ Norway ​ Sweden Northern America AUSTRALIA/OCEANIA ​ Denmark ​ Canada Australasia ​ Benelux ​ Greenland (Denmark) ​ Australia ​ Belgium ​ United States ​ New Zealand ​ Netherlands Melanesia ​ Luxembourg Central America ​ Fiji ​ Belize ​ Papua New Guinea Eastern Europe ​ Costa Rica ​ Solomon Islands ​ Poland ​ El Salvador ​ Vanuatu ​ Czech Republic ​ Guatemala ​ Slovakia ​ Honduras Micronesia ​ Hungary ​ Nicaragua ​ Kiribati ​ Romania ​ Panama ​ Marshall Islands ​ Bulgaria ​ Micronesia Caribbean ​ Nauru Baltic States ​ Antigua and Barbuda ​ Palau ​ Estonia ​ Bahamas ​ Latvia ​ Barbados Polynesia ​ Lithuania ​ Cuba ​ Samoa ​ Dominica ​ Tonga Iberian Peninsula ​ Dominican Republic ​ Tuvalu ​ Spain ​ Grenada ​ Portugal ​ Haiti ​ Andorra ​ Jamaica ​ Gibraltar ​ Saint Kitts and Nevis ​ Saint Lucia Central Europe ​ Saint Vincent and the ​ Germany Grenadines ​ Austria ​ Trinidad and Tobago ​ Switzerland ​ Czech Republic SOUTH AMERICA ​ Poland ​ Hungary Andean States ​ Slovakia ​ Bolivia ​ Colombia Balkans ​ Ecuador ​ Poland ​ Peru ​ Slovakia ​ Hungary Southern Cone ​ Romania ​ Argentina ​ Bulgaria ​ Chile ​ Paraguay Mediterranean ​ Uruguay ​ Italy ​ Guianas Sample Question: 1.​ The Amazon rainforest is located primarily in which continent? a) Asia b) South America c) Africa d) Europe Maps Sample Question: 1.​ Which imaginary line on Earth is best known for causing a one-day difference in the calendar date when crossed? a) Prime Meridian b) Equator c) International Date Line d) Tropic of Cancer Climate ​ Tropical: Examples: Rainforests of Southeast Asia, Amazon Basin in South America. ​ Dry: Examples: Sahara Desert, Australian Outback. ​ Temperate: Examples: Western Europe, Northeastern North America. ​ Continental: Examples: Interior of North America and Asia.  ​ Polar: Examples: Arctic tundra, Antarctica. Sample Question: 1.​ Which Southeast Asian country experiences a tropical climate with frequent typhoons and a long wet season? a) Vietnam b) Thailand c) Philippines d) Singapore Place ​ are distinct locations with unique characteristics. They can be small, like your neighborhood park, or vast, like the Amazon rainforest. They hold personal memories, historical significance, and a sense of belonging. Intramuros, Manila ​ Considered the political, educational, and religious center of the Spanish Empire in the Philippines and the historic core of Manila, Intramuros used to be an opulent walled city, strategically located along the Manila Bay. It was the seat of Spanish rule from the late 16th century to the 19th century. The walls were constructed between 1590 and 1872, encompassing what was then the entire city of Manila. Baguio City ​ The highly urbanized City of Pines is perched in the highlands of the Cordilleras. This elevation gives it the chills, something that attracts tourists from other parts of the country. Angeles City ​ is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the Central Luzon region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 462,928 people. ​ Angeles City is in the urban core of Metro Clark, an urban area in Pampanga. This area, also known as Metro Angeles, is considered the industrial and residential heartland of Central Luzon. Metro Clark Angeles is also identified as a regional center by the national government. ​ While Angeles City is politically independent from the province of Pampanga, it is usually grouped with it for statistical purposes. Landscape ​ are broader areas encompassing the natural and human-made features of a place. They include physical elements like mountains, rivers, and vegetation, as well as human elements like buildings, roads, and agricultural fields. Sample Question: 1.​ The first civilization was made possible because it was situated between two rivers that made the land fertile. What are these rivers? A. Amazon, Nile B. Yangtze, Huang Ho C. Tigris, Euphrates D. Irrawady, Mekong ★​ Geography shapes where people live, how densely populated areas are, and even how populations grow. Understanding this relationship is crucial for fields like urban planning, resource management, and disaster preparedness. Sample Question: 1.​ What PUSH factor might motivate someone to leave their home country? A. Better job opportunities in another country B. Strong cultural ties to a new country C. Desire to be closer to family who already migrated D. Favorable climate in a new country Economy/Natural Resources ​ Economic Geography: This field specifically studies the relationship between geography and economic activity. It examines how location, resources, and other geographical factors influence economic development, trade patterns, and the distribution of industries.  ​ By understanding how geography shapes economies, countries can make informed decisions about resource management, infrastructure development, and trade policies. Sample Question: 1.​ Which of these relationships between human activities and our natural resources cause degradation and imbalance of the ecosystem? This directly relates to the reduction of habitats. A.​ Use of banned pesticides: Farming B.​ Unrestrained mining: mineral resources C.​ Unregulated irrigation: agricultural products D.​ Illegal logging: forest cover Culture ​ While geography shapes culture, cultures also shape their environment. People modify landscapes through agriculture, build infrastructure, and manage resources. This continuous interaction creates a unique cultural identity for each place. ​ Cultural Geography: This field specifically explores the relationship between culture and geography. It examines how cultural landscapes are formed, how cultural practices adapt to the environment, and how cultural identity is shaped by place. Examples: ​ The Maasai People: These nomadic pastoralists in East Africa have a culture centered around herding cattle and adapting to the savanna environment. Their diet, clothing, and social structure all reflect this close relationship with their geography. ​ The Inuit: Living in the harsh Arctic climate, the Inuit people have developed unique hunting techniques, clothing made from animal skins for warmth, and igloos for shelter, all adaptations to their environment. Sample Questions: 1.​ When the British Colony of India became independent in 1947, which new nation was split into two parts because of its Islamic belief? A.​ India B.​ Pakistan C.​ Nepal D.​ Sri Lanka 2.​ The world’s largest Church and found in Europe A.​ St. Peter’s Basilica B.​ United Pentecostal Church C.​ Lutheran Church D.​ Free Methodist Church