MODULE 1 - Introduction & Historical Antecedents PDF

Introduction to GSTS SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY  LEARNING OUTCOMES 1. Discuss the general concepts and the scopes of science and technology. 2. Discuss the interactions between S&T and society throughout history. 3. Discuss how scientific and technological de...

Introduction to GSTS SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY  LEARNING OUTCOMES 1. Discuss the general concepts and the scopes of science and technology. 2. Discuss the interactions between S&T and society throughout history. 3. Discuss how scientific and technological developments affect society and the environment.  WHAT IS SCIENCE? “ “ Modern science is a discovery as well as an invention. -John Heilbron, 2003 FRIVERA|GSTS|  SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY OBSERVATION QUESTION HYPOTHESIS EXPERIMENT DATA/ CONCLUDE ANALYSIS FRIVERA|GSTS| THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD  WHAT IS TECHNOLOGY? “ What defines a technological tool-one historical definition-is something that takes a human’s sense or ability and augments it and makes it more powerful. So, for example, I wear contact lenses or glasses; that is a technology that “ enhances my human ability of vision and makes it better. -Mark Zuckerberg, 2014 FRIVERA|GSTS|  WHAT IS SOCIETY? a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction, or a large the sum total of our interactions as social group sharing the same humans, including the interactions that geographical or social territory, we engage in to figure things out and typically subject to the same political to make things authority and dominant cultural expectations FRIVERA|GSTS| THE ROLE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY FRIVERA|GSTS|  Infographic THE ROLES/IMPACTS Style OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY The effect of science on society is The technological revolutions of the 21st neither entirely beneficial nor century are emerging from entirely new ST alters the way people live, entirely detrimental. sectors, based on micro-processors, tele- connect, communicate and transact, communications, bio-technology and nano- with profound effects on economic technology. development. ST is key driver to development, ST is an engine of growth. because technological and scientific revolutions underpin economic advances, Paved way to interventions improvements in health systems, for cognitive enhancement, education and infrastructure. proton cancer therapy and genetic engineering. Considered as differentiators between ST have the power to better countries that are able to tackle poverty the lives of poor people in effectively by growing and developing developing countries. their economies, and those that are not. ST influences society and vice versa. FRIVERA|GSTS|2020 FRIVERA|GSTS|  Infographic STS Style AS A DISCIPLINE (STS) is the study of how society, politics, and culture affect scientific research and technological innovation, and how these, in turn, affect society, politics and culture. STS is a relatively recent discipline, originating in the 60s and 70s, following Kuhn’s The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962). STS was the result of a “sociological turn” in science studies. FRIVERA|GSTS| Goals of GSTS Confront Realities Environmental Spread Awareness Awareness Reflective Knowledge Next topic MODULE 1 Historical Antecedents of Science and Technology Through the Course of Time  Timeline StyleOF ST (outline) HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS Ancient Middle Modern Philippine Present Pre Spanish to ages ages ages Post Commonwealth FRIVERA|GSTS|  1. Ancient Times ⮚ Transportation and navigation ⮚ Communication and Record keeping ⮚ Mass production ⮚ Security and Protection ⮚ Health and aesthetics ⮚ Engineering ⮚ Architecture  Historical Antecedents in the Course of Science and Technology 1. Ancient Times ⮚ Transportation and navigation  Historical Antecedents in the Course of Science and Technology 1. Ancient Times ⮚ Communication and Record- keeping  Historical Antecedents in the Course of Science and Technology 1. Ancient Times ⮚ Mass production  Historical Antecedents in the Course of Science and Technology 1. Ancient Times ⮚ Security and Protection  Historical Antecedents in the Course of Science and Technology 1. Ancient Times ⮚ Health and aesthetics  Historical Antecedents in the Course of Science and Technology 1. Ancient Times ⮚ Engineering  Historical Antecedents in the Course of Science and Technology 1. Ancient Times ⮚ Architecture  ANCIENT TIMES-Sumerian Civilization GREAT ZIGGURAT IRRIGATION & CUNEIFORM URUK CITY Cuneus OF UR DIKES (wedge:triangular 1ST true city Mountain of God Solved problems of shaped Architectural work Platforms of solid flooding, water Writing system made of clay, mud, core mud brick scarcity, farming, keep records The Epic of sun-baked bricks Dedicated to moon harvesting, food Symbol of power god Nanna production Gilgamesh FRIVERA|GSTS0  ANCIENT TIMES-Sumerian Civilization SAILBOAT WHEEL PLOW ROADS Transportation of Farm work and Dig ground First roads goods food processes Cultivate land for For easier Mass production increased crop transportation Rice mill production FRIVERA|GSTS|  ANCIENT TIMES-Babylonian Civilization THE HANGING CODE OF RELIGION GARDENS HAMMURABI Polytheists Founded by Amorites Layers upon layers An eye for an eye, Gods & Goddesses of gardens a tooth for a tooth –birth ,sorrows, Several species of Sets of laws on suffering, plants religion, agriculture, happiness, death administration FRIVERA|GSTS|  ANCIENT TIMES-Egyptian Civilization THE PYRAMIDS MUMMIFICATION PAPYRUS INK Tombs fro Soot with different pharaohs and Safe-keeping of chemicals Long journey after records that were queens Record history, Smooth angles- life on earth often destroyed by culture and codified symbolized rays of raiders laws the sun FRIVERA|GSTS|  ANCIENT TIMES-Egyptian Civilization HIEROGLYPHICS COSMETICS WIG CLEPSYDRA Holy writing Health and Walls of pyramids Water clock aesthetics Wigs-protection Record of Gravity that affects Kohl-soot & galena against sunrays, lice Egyptian’s history flow of water from Makeup- and culture vessel to another protections, holiness FRIVERA|GSTS|  ANCIENT TIMES-Greek Civilization ALARM CLOCK WATER MILL ODOMETER OLYMPICS Use of water or Agricultural Measures distance Religious festival in pebbles/sand that processes honor of Zeus dropped into drums which creates sound FRIVERA|GSTS|  ANCIENT TIMES-Greek Civilization HIPPOCRATIC GEOMETRY MEDICINE EXPERIMENTS OATH Geometric facts for Symptoms of Hippocrates-Father Human body deductive pneumonia, of Medicine reasoning epilepsy, etc. FRIVERA|GSTS|  ANCIENT TIMES-Roman Civilization NEWSPAPER CODEX ARCHITECTURE NUMERALS Acta diurna Bound books Cathedrals, Roman numerals Gazzettes covered with wax basilicas, coliseums Government then replaced with ,aqueducts, information animal skin amphitheaters, houses FRIVERA|GSTS|  ANCIENT TIMES-Roman Civilization JULIAN AIR AEOLIPILE CATAPULT CALENDAR CONDITIONER Republican Precursor of steam Medieval artillery Water from calendar engine for hurling aqueducts Aka Hero’s engine stones,missiles circulated through weapon walls to cool houses FRIVERA|GSTS|  ANCIENT TIMES-Chinese Civilization GREAT WALL OF SILK TEA GUN POWDER CHINA Silk trade-exchange Wheel-based Control boarders of Alchemist of culture, machine that China Charcoal, sulfur, knowledge, goods shreds tea leaves Made with stone, potassium nitrate intro strips brick, wood, etc. Weapon Fireworks FRIVERA|GSTS|  2. Medieval/ Middle Ages ⮚ Between the fall of roman empire and beginning of renaissance ⮚ Marked by massive invasions and migrations ⮚ Wars were prevalent ⮚ Weaponry, navigation, mass food production, farm production, health  MEDIEVAL/MIDDLE AGES PRINTING PRESS MICROSCOPE TELESCOPE WAR WEAPONS Johan Guttenberg Zacharias Janssen Wooden machine For observation of Hans Lippershey Offense & defense that extracted small organisms Galileo Galilei- Cross bow. Long juices from fruits Guided by Father of modern bow Metal impressions principles used in Science Body armors create exact copy eyeglasses Astronomy FRIVERA|GSTS| 3. Modern Ages/ Industrial Revolution ⮚ Industrialization ⮚ Increase in population ⮚ Demands more goods, faster transportation, more effective communication, developments in health and education ⮚Transition to new manufacturing processes from 1760 to 1840  MODERN AGES/INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION STEAM ENGINE PASTEURIZATION OIL REFINERY TELEPHONE James Watt Louis Pasteur Heat to motion Heat processing Samuel M. Kier Alexander Graham liquids/foods to kill Invented kerosene Bell bacteria from refining communication FRIVERA|GSTS|  MODERN AGES/INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION MECHANICAL ELECTRICITY CAR AIRPLANE CALULATOR Blaise Pascal William Gilbert Easier arithmetic Forces in friction Henry Ford Orville & Wilbur calculation Benjamin Franklin- T-car model Wright experimentations in electricity FRIVERA|GSTS| 4. Philippine Inventions ⮚ vulnerable to natural disasters  PHILIPPINE INVENTIONS SALAMANDER KAMPILAN BAYBAYIN ERYTHROMYCIN AMPHIBIOUS Filipino sword Indigenous scripts of TRICYCLE Used by Datus and pre-colonial Phils Dr. Abelardo Aguilar antibiotic Dominic Chung Sultans as symbol Lamberto Armada of power, wealth, status FRIVERA|GSTS|  PHILIPPINE INVENTIONS SALt LAMP MEDICAL MOSQUITO INCUBATOR E-JEEPNEY OVICIDAL/ Sustainable Dr. Fe Del Mundo Alternative Lighting Native laundry basket LARVICIDAL TRAP Uses electricity Lamp inside bigger one SYSTEM instead of diesel Aisa Mijeno Hot water bottles inserted in between DOST for warmth FRIVERA|GSTS| 5. Cradles of Early Science CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE Mesoamerica Asia Africa Maya Inca Aztec India China Middle East FRIVERA|GSTS|  MESOAMERICA-MAYA Advanced Predicting eclipses El Castillo pyramid 2 complicated understanding of calendar system astronomy into Astrological cycles Chichen Itza situated at their temples and religious in planting and the location of the Sun Religion rituals and structures harvesting during the spring and cultural celebrations fall equinoxes FRIVERA|GSTS|  MESOAMERICA-MAYA Maya hieroglyphic complex, unique signs Hydraulics system Weaving looms Glittery paints made or glyphs in the form with sophisticated from a mica of humans, animals, waterways for supernaturals, water supply objects, and abstract designs FRIVERA|GSTS|  MESOAMERICA-INCAN Quipu Inti Suspension Textile Sun God bridges Knotted ropes to Themes in metallurgy keep records FRIVERA|GSTS|  MESOAMERICA-INCAN Roads paved with Stone buildings Irrigation system Calendar with 12 stone which are months disaster-proof FRIVERA|GSTS|  MESOAMERICA-AZTEC Mandatory Antispasmodic Chinampa Chocolates education medication FRIVERA|GSTS|  MESOAMERICA-AZTEC Calendar Canoe Mosaic masks made of Weapons turquoise, obsidian, and green or black stone FRIVERA|GSTS| FRIVERA|GSTS|  ASIA-INDIA Known for Ayurveda Astronomy Mathematics manufacturing iron and in metallurgical works Mohendojaro Ruler Standard measurement of length FRIVERA|GSTS|  ASIA-INDIA Aryabhata Aryabhatiya Brahmagupta Madhava Place value system Defined the properties mathematical analysis Approximation of π of the number zero, both as a placeholder Trigonometry and a decimal digit FRIVERA|GSTS|  ASIA-CHINA Heavenly bodies and Acupuncture Compass Papermaking lunar calendars FRIVERA|GSTS|  ASIA-MIDDLE EAST Hasan Ibn al-Haytham Jabir ibn Hayyan Ibn Sina Muhammad ibn Musa Father of Optics al-Khwarizmi Father of Chemistry Experimental medicine **Intromission Theory of Clinical trial Light Contagious nature of Algorithm in mathematics infectious diseases Algebra from al-jabr Pharmacology FRIVERA|GSTS|  AFRICA Geometry Alchemy Astronomy Metallurgy Lebombo Bone Human anatomy Calendar Iron technology Pharmacology Solar, lunar, stellar Medicine FRIVERA|GSTS| END Quiz next meeting!