Module 1-6 Notes PDF

Module 1 - An Introduction to Computers ○ Case that houses the computer's electronic components responsible for data processing. A World of Computers...

Module 1 - An Introduction to Computers ○ Case that houses the computer's electronic components responsible for data processing. A World of Computers ○ Key components include: They are not just tools for work or school, but are deeply integrated into our ○ Motherboard: The main circuit board that connects daily lives. We use computers for communication, information access, various components. entertainment, and even automation of our homes. ○ Processor (CPU): Interprets and executes instructions. What Is a Computer? ○ Memory: Stores instructions, data, and results - Electronic device that processes data based on instructions stored in temporarily. its memory. This processing involves accepting data, manipulating it 4. Storage Devices: according to specific rules, generating results, and storing those ○ This hold data, instructions, and information permanently. results for future use. ○ Examples include: ○ USB Flash Drive: A portable storage device for Data and Information small amounts of data. Data ○ Hard Disk: A primary storage device with larger - raw, unprocessed items like text, numbers, images, audio, and video. capacity. Information ○ Optical Discs (CDs, DVDs, Blu-ray Discs): - processed data that conveys meaning and is useful to people. Portable media for storing various types of data. ○ Memory Cards: Removable storage used in mobile Components of a Computer devices. 1. Input Devices: 5. Communications Devices: ○ Allow users to enter data and instructions into the computer. ○ Enable computers to send and receive data. ○ Examples include: ○ A common example is the modem, which converts digital ○ Keyboard: Used to type text and numbers. signals to analog signals and vice versa for transmission ○ Mouse: A handheld device used to control the over telephone lines. pointer on the screen and make selections. ○ Microphone: Allows users to speak into the The Categories of Computers computer. 1. Personal Computers: ○ Scanner: Converts printed materials into digital ○ Computers perform all their tasks independently. formats. ○ Examples include: ○ Webcam: A digital video camera for capturing ○ Desktop Computers: Designed to be placed on a images and videos. desk or table. 2. Output Devices: ○ Notebook Computers (Laptops): Portable ○ Convey information to users. computers that can be used on the go. ○ Examples include: 2. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices: ○ Printer: Produces text and graphics on paper. ○ Mobile computers are designed for portability. ○ Monitor: Displays text, graphics, and videos on a ○ Examples include: screen. ○ Netbook Computers: Smaller and more portable ○ Speakers: Produce audio output. than desktop computers. 3. System Unit:  ○ Tablet PCs: Computers with touchscreens that allow Servers can support from two to several thousand connected users to interact with them using their fingers or a computers at the same time. stylus. Users access data, information, and programs on a server using ○ Mobile devices are even smaller and handheld. personal computers or terminals. ○ Examples include: ○ Smartphones: Internet-enabled phones with Mainframes additional features like calendars, email, and media Mainframes are large, expensive, powerful computers that can players. handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously. ○ PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants): Handheld They store huge amounts of data, instructions, and information. devices for personal information management. Mainframes are used by major corporations for business activities ○ E-book Readers: Devices specifically designed for like billing millions of customers, preparing payroll, and managing reading electronic books. inventory. ○ Handheld Computers: Small computers used by mobile workers. Supercomputers ○ Portable Media Players: Devices for storing and Supercomputers are the fastest, most powerful, and most expensive playing digital media. computers. ○ Digital Cameras: Capture images digitally instead They are capable of processing more than one quadrillion of on film. instructions per second. Game Consoles Supercomputers are used for complex mathematical calculations in Game consoles are mobile computing devices designed for fields like medicine, aerospace, automotive design, online banking, single-player or multiplayer video games. weather forecasting, nuclear energy research, and petroleum They use a handheld controller(s) for input, a television screen for exploration. output, and hard disks, optical discs, or memory cards for storage. Their compact size and lightweight design make them easy to use in Embedded Computers various locations. Embedded computers are special-purpose computers that function Popular examples include: as components in larger products. ○ Microsoft's Xbox 360 They are found in a variety of everyday products, including: ○ Nintendo's Wii ○ Consumer electronics ○ Sony's PlayStation 3 ○ Home automation devices Handheld game consoles are even smaller, with controls, screen, ○ Automobiles and speakers built into the device. ○ Process controllers Popular examples include: ○ Robotics ○ Nintendo DS Lite ○ Computer devices and office machines ○ Sony's PlayStation Portable (PSP) Module 2 - Introduction to The Internet Servers Servers control access to hardware, software, and other resources The Internet on a network. The Internet, also known as the "Net," is a global network connecting They provide a centralized storage area for programs, data, and millions of businesses, government agencies, educational information. institutions, and individuals.  It's a powerful tool for research, providing access to vast amounts of The World Wide Web (WWW) information and enabling instant communication. The WWW, or simply the "Web," is a widely used service on the The Internet has become an integral part of our lives, used for Internet that consists of a worldwide collection of electronic everything from communication and entertainment to shopping and documents, called "Web pages." banking. Each Web page can contain text, graphics, animation, audio, and video. The Internet's Origins Web pages are typically linked to other documents, creating a vast The Internet's roots trace back to the ARPANET project, initiated by interconnected network of information. the U.S. Department of Defense in the 1960s. A "Web site" is a collection of related Web pages and associated The goal of ARPANET was to create a resilient network for scientific items (documents, pictures) stored on a "Web server," which is a and military research that could function even if parts of the network computer that delivers requested web pages to your computer. were disabled or destroyed. Web 2.0 refers to Web sites that allow users to share personal ARPANET became operational in 1969, linking scientific and information, modify content, and have application software built-in. academic researchers across the United States. The original ARPANET consisted of four main computers, one at Browsing the Web each of these institutions: A "Web browser" (Internet Explorer, Firefox, Opera, Safari, Google ○ University of California at Los Angeles Chrome) is application software that allows users to access and view ○ University of California at Santa Barbara Web pages. ○ Stanford Research Institute To browse the Web, you need a computer or mobile device ○ University of Utah connected to the Internet and equipped with a web browser. Each of these computers served as a "host" on the network, Types of Websites providing services and connections to other computers. The text discusses thirteen types of Websites, highlighting their By 1984, ARPANET had over 1,000 computers connected as hosts. unique features and purposes: Today, more than 550 million hosts are connected to this network, ○ Portals: Offer a variety of Internet services from a single now known as the Internet. location (e.g., search engine, news, weather, sports, shopping, email). Access Providers ○ News Sites: Provide news stories and articles on current An access provider is a business that provides individuals and events, life, money, sports, and weather. organizations with Internet access, either free or for a fee. ○ Informational Sites: Offer information on various topics, Examples of access providers include: including government agencies, public transportation, and ○ Wi-Fi networks (some offer free access, while others charge research findings. a per-use fee) ○ Business/Marketing Sites: Promote or sell products and ○ Internet service providers (ISPs) - typically charge a fixed services. monthly fee for Internet access, offering services like news, ○ Blogs: Informal Web sites with time-stamped articles (posts) weather, financial data, games, travel guides, email, photo in a diary or journal format. communities, and online storage. ○ Wikis: Collaborative Web sites that allow users to create, ○ Online service providers (OSPs) - provide Internet access modify, or delete content. and members-only features like instant messaging or ○ Online Social Networks: Encourage members to share customized web browsers. interests, ideas, photos, music, and videos.  ○ Educational Sites: Offer online training, classes, and Animation can make web pages more visually interesting, draw degrees. attention to important information, or enhance the impact of links. ○ Entertainment Sites: Provide interactive experiences with music, videos, games, and more. Audio ○ Advocacy Sites: Present views of a particular group or Web pages can include audio clips and live audio, encompassing association. music, speech, or any other sound. Web Applications: Allow users to access and Simple web pages may use individual audio files that users can interact with software through a web browser. download and play on their computers or devices. Content Aggregators: Collect and display content Audio files are often compressed to reduce file size. The MP3 from various sources. format, for example, reduces file size while preserving sound quality. Personal Web Sites: Created by individuals to Some music publishers offer free sample tracks for download to share information or express themselves. encourage users to purchase full albums. Streaming Audio: This allows users to access and use audio files Module 3 - Introduction to The World Wide Web while they are still transmitting, enabling continuous listening. Podcasting: This refers to recorded audio, usually in MP3 format, Components of Web Pages stored on a web site and available for download to computers or Web pages are more than just formatted text and links. They often portable media players. incorporate multimedia elements, which combine text with graphics, animation, audio, video, and virtual reality. Video Multimedia web pages often require specific hardware and software, Web pages can feature video clips and live video, which combine and they take longer to download due to larger file sizes. moving images with audio. Users can watch live and prerecorded coverage of events, enjoy live Graphics performances, or upload and share video clips on video sharing sites Graphics, or graphical images, are digital representations of like YouTube. non-text information, such as drawings, charts, or photos. Video files are often compressed to reduce file size due to their large Web pages often use graphics to convey messages and enhance size. Popular video compression standards include MPEG-4 (MP4) visual appeal. and Adobe Flash. Common graphic formats used on the Web include: Streaming Video: This allows users to view longer or live video ○ JPEG (pronounced JAY-peg): A format that compresses images as they download to their computers. graphics to reduce file size, balancing image quality and file size. Digital photos often use this format. Virtual Reality ○ GIF (pronounced jiff): A format that works best for images Virtual reality (VR) uses computers to simulate real or imagined with only a few distinct colors, like company logos. environments that appear as three-dimensional (3-D) spaces. Thumbnails: These are small versions of larger graphics, used to VR involves the display of 3-D images that users can explore and save time and space on web pages. Users can click on a thumbnail manipulate interactively. to display the larger image. VR web sites can provide immersive experiences, such as virtual tours of houses for sale. Animation Animation creates the appearance of motion by displaying a series Plug-ins of still images in sequence. Web browsers can display basic multimedia elements on web pages.  Sometimes, a browser requires an additional program called a E-mail: Short for electronic mail, it's the transmission of messages "plug-in" or "add-on" to extend its capabilities. and files via a computer network. It's a primary communication Plug-ins are often available for free download from various web method for both personal and business use. You need an email sites. program to create, send, receive, forward, store, print, and delete email messages. Outlook and Windows Live Mail are popular Web Publishing desktop email programs. Web publishing refers to the development and maintenance of web ○ E-mail Address: An e-mail address is a combination of a pages. username and a domain name that identifies a user for It allows individuals and businesses to share information and ideas receiving Internet email. It's structured as with a wider audience. [email protected]. The five major steps involved in web publishing are: ○ Mail Servers: Outgoing mail servers route messages 1. Plan a Web Site: Consider the purpose and target audience through the Internet, while incoming mail servers hold of the web site. messages in your mailbox until you retrieve them using your 2. Analyze and Design a Web Site: Determine the layout of email program. Most email programs have a notification alert elements like links, text, graphics, animation, audio, video, that informs you when you receive new mail. and virtual reality. Mailing Lists: Also called e-mail lists or distribution lists, these are 3. Create a Web Site: Use word processing programs for basic groups of email names and addresses assigned a single name. web pages or web page authoring software for more When a message is sent to a mailing list, everyone on the list sophisticated sites. receives a copy. You can subscribe to mailing lists to receive special 4. Deploy a Web Site: Transfer the web pages from your offers or information on specific topics. computer to a web server. Instant Messaging (IM): This is a real-time Internet communication 5. Maintain a Web Site: Ensure the content is up-to-date and service that notifies you when other people are online and allows you all links work properly. to exchange messages or files or join a private chat room. It requires E-Commerce both parties to be online simultaneously. Some IM services also E-commerce, short for electronic commerce, refers to business support voice and video conversations. transactions conducted over electronic networks like the Internet. ○ IM Software: You may need to install instant messenger It allows users with computers, Internet access, and payment software on your computer or device to use IM. Some methods to purchase goods and services online. operating systems include an instant messenger. To ensure Three types of e-commerce exist: successful communication, everyone on the contact list ○ Business-to-Consumer (B2C): Businesses sell goods and needs to use the same or a compatible instant messenger. services directly to consumers. Chat Rooms: These are locations on an Internet server that allow ○ Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C): Consumers sell goods and users to chat in real-time with others. Chat rooms are often specific services directly to other consumers. to a particular topic. Participants type messages that are displayed ○ Business-to-Business (B2B): Businesses provide goods on the screen for others to see. Some chat rooms also support voice and services to other businesses. chats and video chats. VoIP (Voice over IP): Also called Internet telephony, this allows Consumer Tools on the Internet users to speak to other users over the Internet. You need a The Internet has revolutionized how we access information and high-speed Internet connection, Internet telephone service, a communicate. It's become a vital tool for consumers, offering a wide range of microphone or telephone, and Internet telephone software or a VoIP services and resources. Here are some key consumer tools: router to use VoIP. Calls to other parties with the same Internet  telephone service are often free, while calls to the telephone network 3. Web Applications: typically cost a monthly fee. ○ These are web sites that allow users to access and interact FTP (File Transfer Protocol): This Internet standard allows users to with software from any computer or device connected to the upload and download files with other computers on the Internet. internet. Uploading transfers files from your computer to a server, while ○ They provide a convenient way to access and use software downloading transfers files from a server to your computer. Many without needing to install it locally. operating systems include FTP capabilities. An FTP site is a ○ Examples include web-based email services, online word collection of files on an FTP server, which may be available for processors, and cloud-based storage services. anonymous access or require authorized accounts. 4. Open Source Software: ○ Software provided for use, modification, and redistribution Module 4 - Types of Application Software without restrictions from the copyright holder. Application Software ○ It's often available for free download from the internet. Application software consists of programs designed to make users ○ Examples include operating systems like Linux, web more productive and/or assist them with personal tasks. browsers like Firefox, and programming languages like Its uses are diverse, encompassing: Python. ○ Business Activities: Making business operations more 5. Shareware: efficient. ○ Copyrighted software distributed at no cost for a trial period. ○ Graphics and Multimedia Projects: Supporting the ○ Users can try the software before deciding to purchase it. creation and manipulation of visual content. ○ Examples include many productivity and utility software ○ Home, Personal, and Educational Tasks: Assisting with programs. tasks like managing finances, creating documents, and 6. Freeware: learning. ○ Copyrighted software provided at no cost to users. ○ Communication: Facilitating communication through ○ The developer retains all rights to the software. various means. ○ Examples include many utility programs and games. Types of Application Software 7. Public Domain Software: 1. Packaged Software: ○ Software that has been donated for public use and has no ○ Mass-produced, copyrighted retail software designed to copyright restrictions. meet the needs of a wide range of users. ○ Anyone can copy or distribute it freely. ○ It's readily available in stores or online. ○ Examples include some older software programs and ○ Examples include popular office suites like Microsoft Office, educational resources. Adobe Creative Suite, and various productivity and entertainment software. The Role of System Software 2. Custom Software: System software serves as the interface between the user, ○ Tailored to meet the specific requirements of a particular application software, and the computer's hardware. business or industry. It's essential for running application software, providing the ○ It's developed by programmers to address unique needs not necessary infrastructure for the computer to function. met by packaged software. The most important type of system software is the operating system, ○ Examples include specialized software for managing which manages the computer's resources and provides a user inventory, tracking customer data, or automating specific interface. business processes.  ○ Popular operating systems include Windows, Mac OS, and ○ They are used for various documents like letters, memos, Linux. reports, mailing labels, newsletters, and web pages. Utility Programs ○ Features include: Utility programs are a type of system software that assists users ○ Text Editing: Changing the shape, size, and color of with controlling or maintaining the operation of a computer, its characters, applying special effects, and organizing devices, or its software. text in columns. They provide features that enhance the user experience and ensure ○ Image Incorporation: Inserting graphical images smooth operation of the system. like digital photos and clip art. Examples of utility programs include: ○ Formatting: Defining paper size, margins, and ○ Malware Protection: Protecting the computer against applying word-wrap (automatic line breaks). malicious software like viruses, worms, Trojan horses, and 2. Spreadsheet Software: rootkits. ○ Enables users to organize data in rows and columns and ○ File Management: Organizing files, creating folders, perform calculations on the data. copying, renaming, deleting, moving, and sorting files. ○ The rows and columns together are called a "worksheet." ○ Disk Management: Cleaning up disks, defragmenting disks, ○ Features include: and backing up files and disks. ○ Data Organization: Creating, editing, and formatting ○ Screen Savers: Protecting the monitor screen from burn-in worksheets. and providing security features. ○ Calculations: Performing basic calculations and ○ Personal Firewall: Protecting the computer from using formulas. unauthorized intrusions. ○ Visualization: Depicting data in graphical form. ○ Antivirus Programs: Detecting and removing viruses and 3. Database Software: other malware. ○ Allows users to create, access, and manage databases, ○ Spyware and Adware Removers: Removing unwanted which are collections of data organized for easy retrieval and programs that track user behavior or display advertisements. use. ○ Internet Filters: Blocking unwanted content like spam, ○ Features include: phishing attempts, and pop-up ads. ○ Data Management: Adding, changing, and deleting ○ File Compression: Reducing the size of files to save data in a database. storage space and improve transmission speed. ○ Data Retrieval: Sorting and retrieving data based on ○ Media Players: Playing audio and video files. specific criteria. ○ Disc Burning Software: Writing data to recordable or ○ Report Generation: Creating forms and reports rewritable optical discs. using data from the database. ○ Personal Computer Maintenance Utilities: Diagnosing and 4. Presentation Software: fixing computer problems, improving performance, and ○ Enables users to create visual aids for presentations to providing ongoing system maintenance. communicate ideas, messages, and other information. Business Programs: ○ Presentations are often viewed as slides, displayed on a 1. Word Processing Software: large monitor or projection screen. ○ Also known as word processors, these programs allow ○ Features include: users to create and manipulate documents containing mostly ○ Slide Design: Using predefined presentation text and sometimes graphics. formats, layouts, and special effects.  ○ Slide Timing: Setting the timing for automatic These programs are designed for professionals and enthusiasts who display of slides. need to work with graphics and multimedia. ○ Transition Effects: Applying special effects to They often have user-friendly interfaces, making them accessible to transitions between slides. home and small business users as well. 5. Accounting Software: ○ Helps companies record and report their financial 1. Computer-Aided Design (CAD) transactions. CAD software is a sophisticated type of application software that ○ It's used for activities related to: assists professional users in creating engineering, architectural, and ○ General ledger scientific designs. ○ Accounts receivable It's used for: ○ Accounts payable ○ Engineering: Creating design plans for vehicles, security ○ Purchasing systems, and other complex structures. ○ Invoicing ○ Architecture: Designing building structures, floor plans, and ○ Payroll other architectural elements. ○ Features include: ○ Science: Creating drawings of molecular structures and ○ Financial Transactions: Recording and reporting other scientific representations. financial transactions. 2. Desktop Publishing Software (for the Professional) ○ Check Printing: Writing and printing checks. Desktop publishing (DTP) software enables professional designers ○ Online Services: Supporting online credit checks, to create sophisticated documents that combine text, graphics, and invoicing, bill payment, and payroll services. color. 6. Document Management Software: It's ideal for producing high-quality color documents like: ○ Provides a means for sharing, distributing, and searching ○ Textbooks through documents. ○ Corporate newsletters ○ It converts documents into a format that can be viewed by ○ Marketing literature any user, regardless of the original software used to create ○ Product catalogs them. ○ Annual reports ○ A popular file format for converted documents is PDF Designers and graphic artists can print these documents on a color (Portable Document Format). printer, take them to a professional printer, or post them on the Web 7. Enterprise Computing Software: in a format that can be viewed by those without DTP software. ○ Designed for large organizations (enterprises) to meet their 3. Paint/Image Editing Software (for the Professional) specialized computing needs. Graphic artists, multimedia professionals, technical illustrators, and ○ It addresses the requirements of various functional units desktop publishers use paint software and image editing software to within an enterprise, such as human resources, accounting create and modify graphical images. and finance, engineering, manufacturing, marketing, sales, Paint Software (Illustration Software): Allows users to draw distribution, customer service, and information technology. pictures, shapes, and other graphical images using on-screen tools like a pen, brush, eyedropper, and paint bucket. Module 5 - Types of Application Software: Graphics and Multimedia Image Editing Software: Provides the capabilities of paint software Programs and also includes features to enhance and modify existing pictures and images. This includes adjusting colors, adding special effects, Graphics and Multimedia Programs  creating animations, and combining multiple images into a larger Application software designed specifically for home, personal, and image. educational use. These programs are typically less expensive than business Professional Photo Editing Software: A type of image editing software, often priced under $100. software used by photographers, videographers, engineers, 1. Personal Finance Software scientists, and other high-volume digital photo users. It allows for This software acts as a simplified accounting program for home retouching photos, cropping images, removing redeye, changing users and small office/home office users. image shapes, color correcting, straightening, removing or It helps manage finances by: rearranging objects, and applying filters. ○ Balancing checkbooks 4. Video and Audio Editing Software (for the Professional) ○ Paying bills Video Editing Software: Allows professionals to modify segments of ○ Tracking personal income and expenses videos (clips), such as reducing length, reordering clips, and adding ○ Tracking investments special effects. It often includes audio editing capabilities. ○ Evaluating financial plans Audio Editing Software: Enables users to modify audio clips, Many personal finance software programs also include financial produce studio-quality soundtracks, and add audio to video clips. planning features, such as: Video and audio editing software is used extensively in the ○ Analyzing home and personal loans production of television shows, movies, and other multimedia ○ Preparing income taxes content. ○ Managing retirement savings 5. Multimedia Authoring Software Additional features may include: Multimedia authoring software combines text, graphics, audio, video, ○ Managing home inventory and animation into interactive applications. ○ Setting up budgets Users have control over the placement of elements and the duration Many personal finance software programs also offer online services, of sound, video, and animation. such as online banking, which require Internet access. It's used for creating interactive presentations for learning, product 2. Legal Software demonstrations, and user engagement. Legal software assists in preparing legal documents and provides Examples of applications include interactive training materials, online legal information to individuals, families, and small businesses. product demos, and multimedia presentations for websites. It offers standard contracts and documents related to: 6. Web Page Authoring Software ○ Buying, selling, and renting property Web page authoring software helps users create web pages that ○ Estate planning include graphical images, video, audio, animation, and special ○ Marriage and divorce effects with interactive content. ○ Preparing wills and living trusts Many web page authoring programs also allow users to organize, By answering a series of questions or completing a form, legal manage, and maintain web sites. software tailors the legal document to specific needs. Some word processing and spreadsheet software includes basic 3. Tax Preparation Software web page authoring features, making it easier for home and small Tax preparation software is available as packaged software and web business users to create simple web pages. applications. For more sophisticated web pages, users rely on dedicated web It guides individuals, families, or small businesses through the page authoring software. process of filing federal taxes. Features include: Module 6 - Types of Application Software: Software for Home, Personal, ○ Tax liability forecasting and Educational Use ○ Money-saving tax tips  ○ Error detection and correction This software is simpler to use than professional video and audio After answering questions and completing forms, the software editing software, making it suitable for small-scale movie making creates and analyzes tax forms, searching for missed deductions projects. and potential errors. Home users can edit home movies, add music or other sounds, and Users can print necessary paperwork or file their tax forms share their movies on the web. electronically. Some operating systems include video and audio editing software. 4. Desktop Publishing Software (for Personal Use) 7. Home Design/Landscaping Software This software helps home and small business users create various This software assists homeowners and potential homeowners with documents, including: designing, remodeling, or improving their homes, decks, or ○ Newsletters landscapes. ○ Brochures It includes hundreds of predrawn plans that users can customize. ○ Flyers The software allows users to preview proposed modifications, ○ Advertisements showcasing changes to home designs and landscapes. ○ Postcards ○ Greeting cards ○ Letterhead 8. Travel and Mapping Software ○ Business cards This software enables users to view maps, determine route ○ Banners directions, and locate points of interest. ○ Calendars It's available as packaged software and web applications. ○ Logos Users can display maps by searching for an address, postal code, ○ Web pages telephone number, or point of interest. While many word processing programs include DTP features, Many programs also allow users to download construction reports dedicated DTP software offers enhanced features, such as: and calculate mileage, time, and expenses. ○ Access to a vast library of graphical images 9. Reference and Educational Software ○ Importing digital photos Reference Software: Provides valuable and thorough information ○ Guided document creation through a series of questions for individuals. Popular examples include encyclopedias, Many personal DTP programs also include paint/image editing dictionaries, and health/medical guides. software and photo editing and photo management software. Educational Software: Teaches a particular skill. It's available for 5. Paint/Image Editing Software (for Personal Use) various subjects, from typing to cooking to preparing for college This software provides an easy-to-use interface and simplified tools entrance exams. Many educational programs use computer-based for creating and modifying graphical images and photos. training (CBT), which is self-directed, self-paced instruction. It includes various templates to assist users in adding images to 10. Entertainment Software documents like greeting cards, banners, calendars, signs, labels, Entertainment software for personal computers includes interactive business cards, and letterhead. games, videos, and other programs designed to provide amusement Personal Photo Editing Software: This popular type of image and enjoyment. editing software allows users to edit digital photos, removing red-eye, Examples include games, family tree software, and flight simulators. erasing blemishes, restoring aged photos, adding special effects, Many games are available as web applications, allowing users to enhancing image quality, or creating electronic photo albums. Digital play individually or with other online players. cameras often include basic photo editing software. 6. Video and Audio Editing Software (for Personal Use)