Midterm Review PDF

White blood cells- blood cells that fight infection. Red blood cells - blood cells that carry oxygen Plasma - yellowish liquid component of the blood Platelets-blood components that help clotting Pulse - sensation of change in pressure (a beat) in arteries created by contraction of heart Standard Pre...

White blood cells- blood cells that fight infection. Red blood cells - blood cells that carry oxygen Plasma - yellowish liquid component of the blood Platelets-blood components that help clotting Pulse - sensation of change in pressure (a beat) in arteries created by contraction of heart Standard Precations - use of pestective equipment to prevent spread of disease Pathogen - disease causing agents Supine - lying as back, facing up Prone - lying on stomach Patent - airway open + clear Inspiration - the action or process of drawing breaths DOT (Department of Transportation) Manage the training standards of EMR- Paramedic and transporting persons. Aspiration happens when food, liquid, or other material enters a person's airway and eventually the lungs by accident. Inhalation- Intercostal muscles in chest wall contract Iwhile diaphragm contracts (drops on flattens) This activity increases the size of chest cavity, cause air to flow in from outside body (breathing in/inhale) Exhalation - muscles in chest wall relax, the diaphragm relaxes and moves upward into resting dome-shaped position. This decreases size of chest cavity resulting in increased pressure that forces air out of body (breathing out/exhale) hypoxia - low oxygen levels within the body patent-an air way that is open and clear cyanosis - blueness or lividness of the skin Pulmonary ventilation - process of moving aur in are out of lungs Arteries - vessels that carry blood away from heart Veins - vessels that carry blood back to heart Central Nervous system contains the brain and spinal cond Peripheral Nervous System contains nerves that transmit messages to and from central nervous system bones in pelvic area illium, is chium and pubis 33 bones cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral or coccyx Bones in pelvic area illium, ischium and pubis Capillaries - thin blood vessels where exchanges gases, nutrients and wastes occurs Respitory Rate for Infant 30-60 bpm NOI - Nature of Injury HIPAA - Health Insurance Portability + Accountability Act Arteries - vessels that carry blood away from the heart. veins - vessels that carry blood back to the heart. Capillaries - thin blood vessels were exchange lot gases, nutrients a wastes occurs. Standard of Care - the degree of care a prudent + reasonable person would exercise in the sane circumstance. Negligence-failure to follow a standard of care. Abandonment - leaving a patient without turning them over to a higher level of care. Duty he act - legal requirement to perform. CNS - Central Nervous system consists of brain and spinal cord. PMS - Peripheral Nervous system consists of all the rest. Pancreas - aids in digestion and blood sugar regulation, part of the endecrine system and makes insulin. Left Ventricle - strongest of the sections and is responsible for blood flow to the BODY. Right Ventsicle - pumps deoxpgenaled bload to the LUNGS where they recieve oxygen. Left atrium-receives oxygenated blood from lungs. Right atrium-receives deoxygenated blood. Systolic - pressure of the contraction of heart. Diastolic - pressure of the relaxation of heart. Thready Pulse - difficult to Feel, indicates cardiogenic shock which is when the heart cannot pump sufficient blood around body. can also indicated cardiac arrest. Atherosclerosis - build up fats cholesterol and other substances in and on artery walls which called plaque hardening of arteries which cause obstruction of blood flow. CHF (congestive heart Failure) caused by back up of Fluid in lungs becase hearts inability to properly pump. Emphysema - respiratory disease caused by smoking resulting in breakdown of alveoli prohibiting gas exchange. Dyspnea - difficult or labored breathing. Diabetes - condition that prevents patient From producing insulin. hyperglycemia- high blood sugar / glucose. hypoglycemia-low blood sugar / glucose. Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) - An enlargement of the aorta, which is the main blood vessel that delivers blood to body. Redirection - brings the patients focus back to the topic or attention to immediate situation or crisis. Chief Complaint - the main issue the patient is experiencing why the patient called. Negligence - failure to follow a standard of care. Standard of care - a reasonable + prudent person would exercise under the same circumstances. Denial One of the stages of grief, Anger, Bargaining, denial, depression and acceptance. Asthma - condition where air way becomes inflamed, narrow and swelling producing extra mucus, which makes it difficult to breathe. EMR - First on scene for most calls. EMT - minumum traising to staff an ambulance. Advanced EMT (AEMT Tevel of advanced training to start IV's and intubate. Paramedic - highest level of nationally recegnized training. Cover -stops projectiles. Concealment - hides but does not stop projectiles. Red blood cells - oxygenated blood. white blood cells -Fights infection. Platelets - help with clotting. Plasma - yellowish liquid component of blood. Cervical - top 8 vertebra Thoracic-12 vertebrae after end of Cervical Lumbar - 5 vertebra after end of thoracic Sacral - 5 vertebra 30 nerves 33 bones Somatic - Voluntary autonomic - involuntary contraindications of NPA - basilar skull fractmes Facial trauma and disruption or mid-face, nasopharynx or roof of mouth. Contraindications of OPA - have gag reflex, something caught in throat obstructing airway, Nasal fracture or actively bleeding nose. Jaw thrust maneuver would be used in suspected of spinal injury. Head-tilt- chin-lift - used on unconscions person that has stopped breathing. atria - superior chambers of heart. (upper). ventricles - inferior chambers of heart (Lower). coronary arteries - arteries supplying the heart muscle with blood arteries -vessels that carry blood away from heart arterioles small arteries connected to capillaries. Capillaries-thin blood vessels where exchange of gasses nutients and waste occurs. Veins - vessels that carry blood back to heart Venules - small veins connected to capillaries. Obvious signs of death decay -degrading of skin, organ systems rigor mortis stiffening of muscles or joints decapitation Separation of head + neck Grief Denial Anger Bacgaining Repression Acceptance CPR contraindicated is a DNR (Do not resuscitate). Terrain where CPR is completed has to be a hard flat surface in order to have effective compressions. Age Classifications for CPR Toddler 12-36 Months Pre school Age - 3 - 5 years School Age 6 - 12 vears years Adolescence - 13 - 19 years Early Adulthood - 20 - 40 years Middle Adulthood-41-60 Late Adulthand -6l years and older Infant (0-1 year) Child (1-12) Adult (12 and above) AED promats Attach pads on chest as shown Analyzing or Analyzing rhythm Shock advised-clear Shock delivered begin CPR Scene size up Determine BSI scene safety. See paper. Determine mechanism of injury/illness # of patients Additional EMS (if necessary) Considers stabilization of spine (c spine collar) Jaw thrust if spinal injury is suspected Skin Pale - poor blood flow or poor perfusion Cyanotic - bluish around lips + Finger nail bed indicates hypoxia. Flushing - dilation of peripheral blood vessels caused by shock, heatstroke or fever. Mottled - bluish lace patten. Jaundiced yellow + caused by liver damage. Seizures in children & infants are usually caused by high fever or rapid rise in body temperature other canses infection, poisoning, trauma, decreased level of oxvgen epilepsy, hypoglycemia, inflamation of brain, and meningitis. Treatment of seizures - let patient finish. Spasm-Consider ABC & place (A recovery position and transport ASAP. Poison - any substance that can ham the body. Ingested , inhaled through mouth Inhalation - through respiratory tract CO is incomplete combustion smokeless and odorless. Injection - through the skin, puncture. Ligaments - attach bone to bone. Tendons- cords of tissue that connect muscles to bones. Abdominal thrusts reaching around to front in between lower ribs & umbilicus (belly button) center of sternum. Smooth or involuntany muscles. Striated orVoluntary muscles. Cardiac - heart muscles. Diaphragm= large flat muscle that divides thoracic and abdominal cavities a relaxed dome shape. Alveoli = located at end of bronchioles, it’s a cluster. Responsible for exchange of oxygen + carbon dioxide. phases of seizure: Aura - patient aware it will occur Tonic - unresponsive + collapses to ground. Foamy mouth. clonic - alternating between contraction and relaxing. Post ictal- patient gradually regains responsiveness, can be combative. Anaphylaxis patient goes into shock, decreasing perfusion, blood pressure drops decreasing circulation and air way constricts making it difficult to breathe, life threatening allergic reaction. Infant Reflexes Moro - when startled, throws arms out, spreads fingers and grabs with fingers a arms palmar - placing finger in rooting palm, they grasp it tonching cheel twrns head in that direction sucking - Stroking lips sucking or finger Mechanism of Injury - Force that was applied to patient to cause trauma Nature of Ilness - circumstances or Findings Hat suggest a possible disease, injury Stroke Mnemonic F-acial drooping A-rm weakness S-peech T-ime OPQRST Patient Assessment Onset, Provocation, Quality Region/ Radiation, Severity and time. SAMPLE - History Taking Part history symptoms, Allergies, Medications, Past history, last oral intake,Events to present. AVPU - Levels of consciousness: Alert, verbal, Pain and Unresponsive. PERL - Pupils equal Round Reactive to light.