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Blood Components and Medical Terms Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the pancreas?

The pancreas aids in digestion and blood sugar regulation, and is part of the endocrine system, producing insulin.

What is the role of the left ventricle of the heart?

The left ventricle is the strongest section of the heart and is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the body.

What is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure?

Systolic pressure is the pressure during the contraction of the heart, while diastolic pressure is the pressure during the relaxation of the heart.

What is the main cause of atherosclerosis?

<p>Atherosclerosis is caused by a buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the walls of the arteries, which is called plaque and leads to hardening of the arteries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main symptom of emphysema?

<p>The main symptom of emphysema is dyspnea, or difficult and labored breathing, caused by the breakdown of the alveoli in the lungs, which prohibits proper gas exchange.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia?

<p>Hyperglycemia is a high level of blood sugar or glucose, while hypoglycemia is a low level of blood sugar or glucose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of moving air in and out of the lungs called?

<p>Pulmonary ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the three bones that make up the pelvic area.

<p>Ilium, ischium, and pubis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal respiratory rate for an infant in breaths per minute?

<p>30-60 bpm</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the abbreviation HIPAA stand for?

<p>Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the legal requirement to perform care called?

<p>Duty to act</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord?

<p>Central Nervous System (CNS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of injury/illness in patients?

<p>Various causes such as infection, poisoning, trauma, decreased oxygen levels, epilepsy, hypoglycemia, brain inflammation, and meningitis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When considering stabilization of the spine, what intervention is typically used?

<p>C-spine collar</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main components of blood?

<p>The main components of blood are white blood cells, red blood cells, plasma, and platelets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of white blood cells?

<p>White blood cells fight infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of skin being pale in a patient?

<p>It may indicate poor blood flow or poor perfusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does cyanosis around the lips and finger nail beds indicate?

<p>Hypoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of red blood cells?

<p>Red blood cells carry oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of breathing in called?

<p>The process of breathing in is called inspiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the significance of flushing in a patient.

<p>It can be caused by shock, heatstroke, or fever, leading to dilation of peripheral blood vessels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of breathing out called?

<p>The process of breathing out is called exhalation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a jaundiced skin color indicate?

<p>Liver damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is aspiration?

<p>Aspiration happens when food, liquid, or other material enters a person's airway and eventually the lungs by accident.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main responsibility of an EMR (Emergency Medical Responder) when arriving at the scene?

<p>The EMR is typically the first on scene for most calls and has the minimum training to staff an ambulance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference between cover and concealment in a tactical situation.

<p>Cover stops projectiles, while concealment only hides but does not stop projectiles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the five stages of grief and the order in which they occur.

<p>The five stages of grief are: Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, and Acceptance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the contraindications for using a nasopharyngeal airway (NPA)?

<p>The contraindications for using an NPA are basilar skull fractures, facial trauma, and disruption or obstruction of the mid-face, nasopharynx, or roof of the mouth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the difference between the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.

<p>The somatic nervous system controls voluntary actions, while the autonomic nervous system controls involuntary actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four main components of blood, and briefly describe their functions?

<p>The four main components are: 1) Red blood cells (carry oxygen), 2) White blood cells (fight infection), 3) Platelets (help with clotting), 4) Plasma (liquid component).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste occur in the cardiovascular system?

<p>Capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of arteries are small arteries connected to capillaries?

<p>Arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a sign of death characterized by stiffening of muscles or joints?

<p>Rigor mortis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the superior chambers of the heart called?

<p>Atria</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vessels carry blood back to the heart in the cardiovascular system?

<p>Veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what age classification does adolescence fall in CPR guidelines?

<p>Early Adulthood - 20-40 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct definition of the term 'standard of care'?

<p>The level of care a reasonable and prudent person would exercise under the same circumstances</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the pancreas?

<p>Produces insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the stages of grief as described in the text?

<p>Denial</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chamber of the heart is responsible for pumping deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

<p>Right Ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between an EMR (Emergency Medical Responder) and an EMT (Emergency Medical Technician)?

<p>EMRs are the first on the scene for most calls, while EMTs staff the ambulance</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition that prevents a patient from producing insulin?

<p>Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does thready pulse indicate in a patient?

<p>Cardiogenic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of red blood cells?

<p>To transport oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between cover and concealment in a tactical situation?

<p>Cover stops projectiles, while concealment only hides the person</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of atherosclerosis?

<p>Build-up of fats in artery walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of white blood cells?

<p>To fight infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which respiratory disease is caused by smoking and results in the breakdown of alveoli?

<p>Emphysema</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to low oxygen levels within the body?

<p>Hypoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vessels carry blood back to the heart?

<p>Veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of blood where exchanges of gases, nutrients, and wastes occur?

<p>Capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area of bones consists of illium, ischium, and pubis?

<p>Pelvic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the legal requirement to perform care called?

<p>Duty he act</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of seizures in children and infants, as mentioned in the text?

<p>High fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle is the diaphragm?

<p>Striated muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ligaments in the body?

<p>Attach bone to bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following indicates incomplete combustion and is smokeless and odorless?

<p>CO poisoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of tendons in the body?

<p>Connect muscles to bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anatomy and Physiology

  • The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) consists of all nerves outside the Central Nervous System (CNS)
  • The Pancreas aids in digestion and blood sugar regulation, producing insulin as part of the endocrine system
  • The Heart:
    • Left Ventricle: strongest section, responsible for blood flow to the body
    • Right Ventricle: pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs
    • Left Atrium: receives oxygenated blood from the lungs
    • Right Atrium: receives deoxygenated blood
  • Blood vessels:
    • Arteries: carry blood away from the heart
    • Veins: carry blood back to the heart
    • Capillaries: thin blood vessels where gas, nutrient, and waste exchange occurs

Cardiovascular System

  • Systolic pressure: pressure of the contraction of the heart
  • Diastolic pressure: pressure of the relaxation of the heart
  • Thready pulse: difficult to feel, indicates cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest
  • Atherosclerosis: build-up of fats, cholesterol, and substances in artery walls, causing obstruction of blood flow
  • Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): caused by fluid backup in the lungs due to the heart's inability to pump properly

Respiratory System

  • Dyspnea: difficult or labored breathing
  • Emphysema: respiratory disease caused by smoking, resulting in breakdown of alveoli
  • Pulmonary Ventilation: process of moving air in and out of the lungs

Nervous System

  • Central Nervous System (CNS): consists of the brain and spinal cord
  • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): contains nerves that transmit messages to and from the CNS
  • Bones in the pelvic area: ilium, ischium, and pubis (33 bones)

Medical Emergencies

  • Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA): enlargement of the aorta, main blood vessel delivering blood to the body
  • Hypoxia: low oxygen levels in the body
  • Cyanosis: blueness or lividness of the skin
  • Hyperglycemia: high blood sugar/glucose
  • Hypoglycemia: low blood sugar/glucose
  • Diabetic emergency: condition preventing patient from producing insulin

Patient Assessment

  • Chief Complaint: main issue the patient is experiencing
  • Nature of Injury (NOI)
  • HIPAA: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
  • Standard of Care: degree of care a prudent and reasonable person would exercise in the same circumstance
  • Negligence: failure to follow a standard of care
  • Abandonment: leaving a patient without turning them over to a higher level of care
  • Duty to act: legal requirement to perform

Pediatrics

  • Respiratory Rate for Infant: 30-60 bpm

Seizures

  • Treatment: let patient finish, then consider ABC and place in a recovery position and transport ASAP

Poisoning

  • Any substance that can harm the body
  • Ingested: through mouth
  • Inhalation: through respiratory tract
  • Injection: through skin or puncture

Miscellaneous

  • Redirection: brings patient's focus back to the topic or attention to the immediate situation or crisis
  • Jaw thrust maneuver: used in suspected spinal injury

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